Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Methylene Blue Ekuhlaziyeni Nasezemvelweni

I-methylene blue isetshenziswa ezindleleni eziningi zaselabhorethri, kodwa yenza umsebenzi ohlukile kuleyo naleyo. Kokunye ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, ilabhorethri ifaka udayi ukuze ithole izinto ezisebenza ebusweni. Kokunye, ukusabela kukhiqiza udayi nge-sulfide. Ekuhlolweni kokunamathela ebusweni, ilabhorethri ikala ukuthi ungakanani udayi ofakiwe osukile esixazululweni.

Zonke lezi zindlela zingagcina ngoketshezi oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokufundwa kwe-spectrophotometer. Imiphumela yazo ayinakusetshenziswa ngokushintshaniswa. Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela, thola isampula, isici esikalwayo, nendima ye-methylene blue ekukhiqizeni isignali.

Thola indlela ephendula umbuzo wakho

Inkomba elandelayo ihlukanisa ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ekuhlaziyeni nasezemvelweni. “Isici esikalwayo” sichaza umphumela ukuhlola okungawusekela, inqobo nje uma izilawuli zakho nokulinganiswa kwemishini kusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Umbuzo nendlela	Isampula	Indima ye-methylene blue	Isici esikalwayo nomkhawulo wokuhumusha
Ukuhlolwa kwe-MBAS kwezinto ezisebenza ebusweni	Amanzi noma amanzi angcolile	Isivuseleli samakhemikhali esifakiwe esakha amapheya ama-ion angakhishwa	Izinto ezisebenzisana ne-methylene blue; akuhlonzi into ngayinye esebenza ebusweni ngokwehlukana.
Ukukalwa kwe-sulfide ngombala	Amasampula amanzi noma emfucuza afakwe endleleni	Udayi owakheka ngesikhathi sokusabela kokuhlaziya	Ukujiya kwe-sulfide okuchazwe yindlela; ukushintshwa kwesampula ngenxa ye-oksijini nokuhwamuka kungabangela ukulahleka.
Ukuhlolwa kokunamathela ebusweni bekhabhoni ecushiwe	Isixazululo sikadayi esithintaniswe nesisindo esaziwayo sento eqinile	Into enamathela ebusweni ekalwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuthintana	Ukuthathwa kukadayi ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe; akufakazeli ukusebenza kokuhlunga kuzo zonke izimo.
Ukuhlolwa kobumba nezihlanganiso zamatshe	Ingxenye echaziwe yomhlabathi, yezihlanganiso zamatshe, noma yento yokugcwalisa	Into yokuphenya enamathela ebusweni besampula	Inani le-methylene blue eliqondene nendlela; izingxenye zesampula zithinta ukuqhathanisa.
Ukuhlolwa kokubola okubangelwa ukukhanya nesikhuthazi	Isixazululo sikadayi nesikhuthazi ngaphansi kokukhanyiswa okuchaziwe	Inhlanganisela eyisibonelo esuswayo noma eguqulwayo	Ukulahleka kombala noma ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali, kuye ngokukalwayo; ukulahleka kombala kukodwa akufakazeli ukuguqulwa kube yizinhlanganisela ezingaphili.
Ukuhlolwa kwama-polymer nolwelwesi	Ulwelwesi, ifilimu, noma into eyinhlanganisela echayeke esixazululweni sikadayi	Into yokuphenya ukudlula noma ukumuncwa nokunamathela	Ukudlula, ukubanjwa, noma ukuthathwa kukadayi ohlelweni oluhloliwe; ukubanjwa kungahlanganisa ukunamathela ebusweni.
Izinzwa ze-electrochemical	I-electrolyte noma ingxube yesampula eqinisekisiwe	Into ekhombisa ukusabela kwe-redox	Ukusabela kukagesi okuhlobene nento okuhloswe ukuyithola ngohlelo lwenzwa lokuyibona nokulinganiswa kwayo.
Ukuhlolwa kokungena kukadayi ephakhejini	Amaphakheji avaliwe agcwalisiwe noma alingiswe ngendlela efanele	Into yokulandelela etholakalayo ngaphandle kwephakheji	Ukungena okutholakalayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola; akukali ngokuqondile ukungabi namagciwane.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-titration ngesikhombisi esixubile se-Tashiro	Isixazululo esenziwa i-titration ye-asidi ne-alkali ebekiwe	Ingxenye yesikhombisi esixubile	Umbala wephuzu lokuphela oqondene nokwakheka kwengxube; akukhona ukushintsha kwe-redox kwe-methylene blue kuphela.

Isivuseleli samakhemikhali nomkhiqizo wokusabela kudinga ukulinganiswa okuhlukile

Ekuhlolweni kwe-MBAS, i-methylene blue isabela nezinto ezisebenza ebusweni ezinama-ion anegethivu ukuze kwakheke izinhlanganisela ezikhishelwa ku-chloroform. Isifinyezo se-EPA Method 425.1 ku-NEMI sichaza ukukalwa kombala waleyo ngxube ekhishiwe. Umphumela wokuhlaziya uphathelene nezinto ezisabela kule nqubo, hhayi uhlu oluphelele lwezinto zokuhlanza ezisemanzini.

Indlela ye-sulfide iguqula indima kadayi. Ku-EPA Method 376.2, i-sulfide isabela ne-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine lapho kukhona i-ferric chloride ukuze kukhiqizwe i-methylene blue. Le ndlela isebenza ezingxubeni zamanzi nezemfucuza ezibekiwe futhi ayihlanganisi ama-sulfide angancibiliki ku-asidi. Iphinde ixwayise ngokuthi ukufakwa komoya kungasusa i-sulfide noma kungenise i-oksijini eyiguqula ibe yisimo esingasakwazi ukukalwa.

Lo mehluko uthinta ukulinganiswa. Amasampula ajwayelekile okulinganisa kufanele amele into ehlaziywayo futhi adlule ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali okufanele. Ibhodlela lesixazululo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alibi ngokuzenzakalela yisibambeli esifanele sesampula elijwayelekile le-sulfide noma lezinto ezisebenza ebusweni. Ukuphathwa kwesampula nakho kuyingxenye yokukala: ithuluzi elinembayo alikwazi ukubuyisa into ehlaziywayo elahlekile ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto kukala ukuziphatha ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethiwe

Ukuhlolwa kokunamathela ebusweni kuvame ukuqala ngokujiya kukadayi okwaziwayo nenani elaziwayo lento eqinile. Ngemva kokuthintana, ilabhorethri ihlukanisa into eqinile bese ikala udayi osele oketshezini. Umehluko wokujiya, umthamo wesixazululo, nesisindo sento eqinile kunikeza ukuthathwa kukadayi okubonakalayo ngeyunithi yesisindo, inqobo nje uma ukubalwa kwesisindo esingene nesiphumile kulungile.

Ucwaningo oluqhathanisa ukunamathela kwe-methylene blue ebusweni bezinhlobo eziningana zekhabhoni lwathola ukuthi ukususwa kwayo kwakuncike ekujiyeni kokuqala, ebukhulu bezinhlayiya, esikhathini sokuthintana, enanini lento ebamba udayi ebusweni, naku-pH. Lokho kuncika kuchaza ukuthi kungani iphesenti elikhulu lokususwa linganele ukuhlela izinto ngokusebenza kwazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi okunye ukuhlola kumane kusebenzise ikhabhoni eningi kakhulu. Sebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokuqhathanisa umthamo wokubamba udayi ebusweni nesivinini senqubo ukuze uhlole ukuthi izifundo zenziwa yini ngaphansi kwezimo eziqhathanisekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezihlanganiso zamatshe kusebenzisa ukunamathela ebusweni ngenhloso ehlukile. I-ASTM C1777-20, ebhalwe njengeyamanje yi-ASTM, ibika ukuthathwa kukadayi ngegramu lezihlanganiso zamatshe ezincane noma lento yokugcwalisa yezimbiwa. Inani libonisa ubuningi nezici zezimbiwa zobumba esampuleni.

Izinga lixwayisa ngokucacile ngokuthi imiphumela ye-C1777, AASHTO T 330, ne-EN 933-9 ingahluka kakhulu noma amayunithi ayo efana. Phakathi kwezizathu kukhona izingxenye ezihlukene zobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezihlolwayo. Umkhawulo wezinombolo othathwe kwenye indlela awunakumane udluliselwe kwenye.

Ucwaningo lwezemvelo ludinga okungaphezu kokufiphala kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

I-methylene blue iwusizo njengenhlanganisela eyisibonelo ngoba kulula ukulandelela isignali yayo yokukhanya. Nokho, izinqubo eziningana zinganciphisa leyo signali. Udayi ungadlulela ebusweni bento eqinile, uguquke ube olunye uhlobo lwamakhemikhali, noma ubole ngokujulile.

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwendlela yokubola okubangelwa ukukhanya nesikhuthazi lwaphenya i-methylene blue ezingxubeni ezinezinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide ezintantayo ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Abacwaningi bahlola imikhiqizo ephakathi yenqubo nokuguqulwa kube yizinhlanganisela ezingaphili kanye nokususwa kombala. Lelo qoqo elibanzi lokukala libalulekile: ukunyamalala kombala obonakalayo nokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni yezinhlanganisela eziphilayo kube yimikhiqizo engaphili kuyiziphetho ezihlukile.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ingxube enezinhlayiya zesikhuthazi ezintantayo iba nombala ofiphele, qala ngokubuza ukuthi udayi uqoqeke yini esikhuthazini. Isilawuli sokuthintana ebumnyameni sisiza ukuphenya ukunamathela ebusweni; ukukhanyiswa ngaphandle kwesikhuthazi kusiza ukuphenya izinguquko ezibangelwa ukukhanya kuphela. Ubufakazi bokuguqulwa kube yizinhlanganisela ezingaphili budinga ukukalwa kwekhabhoni okufanele nokubalwa kwezigaba zento ezithathwe njengamasampula. Lena yimibuzo yokuhlelwa kokuhlola, hhayi iziphetho ezingatholakala esithombeni.

Ukusebenza esixazululweni sikadayi esilungiselelwe nakho akufakazeli ukusebenza emanzini angcolile aphuma embonini aqukethe usawoti, izinhlayiya ezintantayo, nezinhlanganisela ezincintisanayo. Umhlahlandlela wesiphetho emvelweni nobufakazi bamanzi angcolile uhlukanisa ukuhlola okuyizibonelo nemibuzo yokuchayeka emvelweni. Ukusetshenziswa ekudayweni kwezindwangu nephepha kunikeza umongo wemboni ohlobene nalokhu.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kuncike ohlelweni lokuhlola oluphelele

Enzweni ye-aptamer ye-electrochemical, i-molecule yokubona ibopha into okuhloswe ukuyithola, kanti i-methylene blue enamathiselwe njengento ekhombisayo isiza ukuguqula lokho kusebenzisana kube yisignali kagesi. Ucwaningo luka-2026 lokuziphatha kwenzwa ku-plasma lwabonisa ukuthi amaprotheni nezinye izingxenye zesampula zingakushintsha kanjani ukusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nesixazululo esigcina i-pH izinzile. Udaba olusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza engxubeni yesampula: ukulinganisa esixazululweni esilula akuqinisekisi ukukala okuthembekile esampuleni eyinkimbinkimbi.

Emaphakhejini, ukuhlolwa kokungena kukadayi kubuza ukuthi into yokulandelela etholakalayo ingena yini ngembobo noma ngendawo engasavali kahle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe. Umhlahlandlela we-FDA wokuhlolwa kobuqotho besiqukathi nesivalo uhlanganisa izindlela zokungena kukadayi eziqinisekiswe kahle phakathi kokuhlolwa kobuqotho okungasetshenziswa. Uphinde uhlukanise ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni zokuhlola ukuzinza nokuhlolwa kokungabi namagciwane ngaphambi kokukhishwa komkhiqizo. Umphumela ongatholi ukungena kukadayi usho ukuthi lokho kuhlola akutholanga ukungena, hhayi ukuthi yonke indlela yokungcola engaba khona ikhishwe.

Ku-titration, imininingwane ye-ITW Reagents yesikhombisi se-Tashiro ihlonza ingxube ye-methyl red ne-methylene blue esetshenziselwa ama-titration e-ammonia. Ukushintsha kombala okubhalwe kuyo kungokwaleyo ngxube. Ukusebenzisa i-methylene blue yodwa esikhundleni sayo kushintsha uhlelo lwesikhombisi.

Chaza umphumela ngaphambi kokulungisa udayi

Bhala phansi ingxube yesampula, isici okuhloswe ukusikala, amayunithi, indlela efanele, nesinqumo esizosekelwa umphumela. Bese ukhetha ukwakheka kwesivuseleli samakhemikhali, ukulinganiswa, izilawuli, nezimo zokuphatha ezigcina lokho kukala kungaphazamiseki.

Emsebenzini wokukala ngokukhanya, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokwakha ijika lokulinganisa le-methylene blue ukuze uhlole amasampula angenayo into ehlaziywayo, uhla lokujiya, nokuhambisana nomugqa oqondile. Umbiko owusizo usho ukuthi yini eshintshile, ikalwe kanjani, nokuthi ukuhlola kusekela kuphi ukuhumusha. Igama likadayi alikwazi ukunikeza leyo mininingwane.