Ukusetyenziswa kwemethylene blue kuhlalutyo nakwimiba yendalo

Imethylene blue isetyenziswa kwiindlela ezininzi zaselabhoratri, kodwa inomsebenzi owahlukileyo kwindlela nganye. Kolunye uvavanyo lwamanzi, ilabhoratri yongeza idayi ukuze ibone izinto ezisebenza kumphezulu. Kolunye, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kuvelisa idayi kwisulfide. Kuvavanyo lokufunxeka kumphezulu, ilabhoratri ilinganisa ubungakanani bedayi eyongeziweyo eshiyayo isisombululo.

Zonke ezi ndlela zinokuphela ngolwelo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokufundwa kwisixhobo sokulinganisa ukukhanya okufunxiweyo. Iziphumo zazo azinakuthathwa njengezithetha into enye. Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela, chonga isampulu, uphawu olulinganiswayo, kunye nendima yemethylene blue ekuveliseni umqondiso.

Fumana indlela ephendula umbuzo wakho

Esi salathiso silandelayo sahlula iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kuhlalutyo nakwimiba yendalo. “Uphawu olulinganiswayo” luchaza isiphumo olunokusixhasa uvavanyo, ukuba izilawuli zalo nolungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Umbuzo nendlela	Isampulu	Indima yemethylene blue	Uphawu olulinganiswayo nomda wokutolika
Uvavanyo lwe-MBAS lwezinto ezisebenza kumphezulu	Amanzi okanye amanzi amdaka	Isixhobo sokusabela esongeziweyo esenza izibini zee-ion ezinokukhutshwa	Izinto ezisebenzisana nemethylene blue; aluchongi into nganye esebenza kumphezulu ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukulinganisa isulfide ngombala	Iisampulu zamanzi okanye zenkunkuma eziqukwa yindlela	Idayi eveliswa ngexesha lokusabela kohlalutyo	Uxinzelelo lwesulfide oluchazwa yindlela; ukudibana kwesampulu neoksijini nokuphuma kwezinto eziguquka zibe ngumphunga kunokubangela ilahleko.
Uvavanyo lokufunxeka kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo	Isisombululo sedayi esidityaniswe nobunzima obaziwayo bento eqinileyo	Into efunxeka kumphezulu elinganiswa ngaphambi nasemva kokudibana	Ubungakanani bedayi obufunxiweyo phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo; abuqinisekisi ukusebenza kokuhluza kuzo zonke iimeko.
Uvavanyo lodongwe neegrabile	Inxalenye echaziweyo yomhlaba, iigrabile, okanye into yokuzalisa	Isiphawuli sovavanyo esifunxwa kumphezulu wesampulu	Ixabiso lemethylene blue elixhomekeke kwindlela; iinxalenye zesampulu zichaphazela uthelekiso.
Uvavanyo lokubola kweekhemikhali okukhawuleziswa sisikhuthazi esisebenzisa ukukhanya	Isisombululo sedayi nesikhuthazi phantsi kokukhanya okuchaziweyo	Ikhompawundi engumzekelo esuswayo okanye eguqulwayo	Ukuphela kombala okanye utshintsho lwekhemikhali, ngokuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo; ukuphela kombala kuphela akuqinisekisi ukuguqulwa kube zizinto ezingaphiliyo.
Uvavanyo lweepolima neenwebu	Inwebu, umaleko omncinci, okanye into eyenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo edibana nesisombululo sedayi	Isiphawuli sokuhamba okanye sokufunxwa	Ukudlula, ukubanjwa, okanye ukufunxwa kwedayi kwilungiselelo elivavanyiweyo; ukubanjwa kunokuquka ukufunxeka kumphezulu.
Izivamvo zombane neekhemikhali	I-electrolyte okanye umxube wesampulu oqinisekisiweyo	Isiphawuli sokutshintshiselana ngee-elektroni	Impendulo yombane enxulunyaniswa nento ekujoliswe kuyo ngenkqubo yesivamvo yokuqaphela neyolungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo.
Uvavanyo lokungena kwedayi kwipakethe	Iipakethe ezivaliweyo ezizaliswe okanye ezenziwe zixelise ngokufanelekileyo imeko evavanywayo	Isiphawuli sokulandelela esibonakalayo ngaphandle kwepakethe	Ukungena okunokubonwa phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo; asingomlinganiselo othe ngqo wokungabikho kweentsholongwane.
Utitration ngesalathisi esixutyiweyo seTashiro	Isisombululo esifumana utitration weasidi nesiseko ochaziweyo	Inxalenye yesalathisi esixutyiweyo	Umbala wesiphelo oxhomekeke kumxube othile; ayilotshintsho lwemethylene blue lokutshintshiselana ngee-elektroni kuphela.

Isixhobo sokusabela nemveliso yokusabela zifuna ulungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo olwahlukileyo

Kuvavanyo lwe-MBAS, imethylene blue isabela nezinto ezisebenza kumphezulu ezinee-ion ezinomthwalo ongaphantsi kuka-zero ukuze yenze izinto ezikhutshelwa kwichloroform. Isishwankathelo se-EPA Method 425.1 kwi-NEMI sichaza ukulinganiswa kombala waloo mxube ukhutshiweyo. Isiphumo sohlalutyo sibhekisa kwizinto eziphendulayo kule nkqubo, kunokuba sibe luluhlu olupheleleyo lwezicoci ezisemanzini.

Indlela yesulfide iyayiguqula indima yedayi. Kwi-EPA Method 376.2, isulfide isabela nedimethyl-p-phenylenediamine kukho iferric chloride ukuze kuveliswe imethylene blue. Le ndlela iquka imixube yamanzi neyenkunkuma echaziweyo, kwaye ayiquki iisulfide ezinganyibilikiyo kwi-asidi. Ikwakhupha isilumkiso sokuba ukufaka umoya kunokususa isulfide okanye kungenise ioksijini eyiguqula ibe luhlobo olungenakulinganiswa.

Lo mahluko uchaphazela ulungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo. Iisampulu ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zimele into ehlalutywayo kwaye zidlule kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokusabela kweekhemikhali. Ibhotile yesisombululo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayisosithatha-ndawo esifanelekileyo ngokuzenzekelayo sesampulu esemgangathweni yesulfide okanye yezinto ezisebenza kumphezulu. Ukuphathwa kwesampulu nako kuyinxalenye yomlinganiselo: isixhobo esichanekileyo asinakubuyisa into ehlalutywayo elahlekileyo ngaphambi kohlalutyo.

Uvavanyo lwezinto lulinganisa indlela eziziphatha ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezikhethiweyo

Uvavanyo lokufunxeka kumphezulu ludla ngokuqala ngoxinzelelo lwedayi olwaziwayo kunye nesixa esaziwayo sento eqinileyo. Emva kokudibana kwazo, ilabhoratri yahlula into eqinileyo ize ilinganise idayi eseleyo kulwelo. Umahluko woxinzelelo, umthamo wesisombululo, kunye nobunzima bento eqinileyo zinika ubungakanani obubonakalayo obufunxiweyo kwiyunithi nganye yobunzima, ukuba ibhalansi yobunzima ichanekile.

Uphononongo lokuthelekisa ukufunxeka kwemethylene blue kumphezulu weentlobo ezininzi zekhabhoni lwafumanisa ukuba ukususwa kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokuqala, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, ixesha lokudibana, isixa sento efunxa kumphezulu wayo, nakwi-pH. Oku kuxhomekeka kuchaza ukuba kutheni ipesenti ephezulu yokususwa ingonelanga ukuhlela izinto ngokusebenza kwazo. Olunye uvavanyo lusenokuba lusebenzise nje ikhabhoni eninzi kakhulu. Sebenzisa isikhokelo sokuthelekisa umthamo nesantya sokufunxa kumphezulu ukuze ukhangele ukuba uphononongo luvavanye iimeko ezinokuthelekiswa na.

Uvavanyo lweegrabile lusebenzisa ukufunxeka kumphezulu ngenjongo eyahlukileyo. I-ASTM C1777-20, edweliswe yi-ASTM njengomgangatho osasebenzayo, ichaza ubungakanani bedayi obufunxiweyo kwigram nganye yeegrabile ezicolekileyo okanye zento yokuzalisa eyiminerali. Eli xabiso libonisa isixa neempawu zeeminerali zodongwe ezikwisampulu.

Lo mgangatho ulumkisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iziphumo ze-C1777, AASHTO T 330, ne-EN 933-9 zinokwahluka kakhulu nokuba iiyunithi zazo ziyafana. Esinye sezizathu ziindawo ezahlukeneyo zobungakanani bamasuntswana ezivavanywayo. Umda wamanani othathwe kwenye indlela awunakudluliselwa nje kwenye.

Uphando lwendalo lufuna okungaphezulu kokuphela kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Imethylene blue iluncedo njengekhompawundi engumzekelo kuba umqondiso wayo wokukhanya kulula ukuwulandela. Noko ke, iinkqubo ezininzi zinokunciphisa loo mqondiso. Idayi inokufudukela kumphezulu wento eqinileyo, iguqukele kolunye uhlobo lwekhemikhali, okanye ibole ngakumbi.

Uphononongo lwangaphambili lwendlela yokubola kweekhemikhali okukhawuleziswa sisikhuthazi esisebenzisa ukukhanya lwaphanda imethylene blue kwimixube enamasuntswana etitanium dioxide aphakathi kolwelo phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Abaphandi bavavanya iimveliso eziphakathi nokuguqulwa kube zizinto ezingaphiliyo, kunye nokususwa kombala. Olu luhlu lubanzi lwemilinganiselo lubalulekile: ukunyamalala kombala obonakalayo nokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ekwiikhompawundi eziphilayo ibe ziimveliso ezingaphiliyo ziziphelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umxube onamasuntswana esikhuthazi uba mbatshileyo, qala ngokubuza ukuba idayi iqokelelene kwisikhuthazi na. Isilawuli sovavanyo apho izinto zidibana khona ebumnyameni sinceda ukuphanda ukufunxeka kumphezulu; ukukhanyisa ngaphandle kwesikhuthazi kunceda ukuphanda utshintsho olubangelwa kukukhanya kuphela. Ubungqina bokuguqulwa kube zizinto ezingaphiliyo bufuna umlinganiselo wekhabhoni ofanelekileyo nokuthathela ingqalelo izigaba ekuthathwe kuzo iisampulu. Le yimibuzo yoyilo lovavanyo, kungekhona izigqibo ezinokufumaneka kwifoto.

Ukusebenza kwisisombululo sedayi esilungiselelweyo nako akuqinisekisi ukusebenza kumanzi alahlwayo yimizi-mveliso aneetyuwa, amasuntswana axhonywe kulwelo, neekhompawundi ezikhuphisanayo. Isikhokelo sendlela into ephela ngayo kwindalo nobungqina obuphathelele amanzi amdaka sahlula uvavanyo olusebenzisa imizekelo kwimibuzo yokuvezwa kwendalo kuloo nto. Ukusetyenziswa ekudayeni amalaphu namaphepha kunika umxholo onxulumeneyo wokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa zixhomekeke kwinkqubo yovavanyo epheleleyo

Kwisivamvo se-aptamer esisebenza ngombane neekhemikhali, imolekyuli yokuqaphela ibophelela kwinto ekujoliswe kuyo, ngoxa isiphawuli semethylene blue esiqhotyoshelweyo sinceda ukuguqula olo nxibelelwano lube ngumqondiso wombane. Uphononongo luka-2026 lokuziphatha kwezivamvo kwiplasma lubonise indlela iiproteni nezinye iinxalenye zesampulu ezinokutshintsha ngayo ukusebenza xa kuthelekiswa nesisombululo esigcina i-pH izinzile. Umba osebenzayo kukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwendlela kumxube wesampulu: ulungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo kwisisombululo esilula aluqinisekisi imilinganiselo ethembekileyo kwisampulu entsonkothileyo.

Kwiipakethe, uvavanyo lokungena kwedayi lubuza ukuba isiphawuli sokulandelela esinokubonwa singena na kwindawo eyonakeleyo ngexesha lovavanyo olunemiqathango echaziweyo. Isikhokelo se-FDA sovavanyo lokungavuzi kwesikhongozeli nendlela esivalwa ngayo siquka iindlela zokungena kwedayi eziqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kweemvavanyo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukujonga ukungavuzi. Sikwahlula ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiinkqubo zokuzinza kwemveliso kuvavanyo lokungabikho kweentsholongwane ngaphambi kokukhutshwa kwemveliso. Isiphumo sedayi esingabonisi kungena sithetha ukuba olo vavanyo alufumananga kungena, kungekhona ukuba zonke iindlela ezinokubangela ungcoliseko zikhutshelwe ngaphandle.

Kutitration, iinkcukacha zesalathisi seTashiro ze-ITW Reagents zichaza umxube wemethyl red nemethylene blue wotitration lweammonia. Utshintsho lombala olubhalwe kwiinkcukacha zalo lolwaloo mxube. Ukusebenzisa imethylene blue kuphela endaweni yawo kuyayitshintsha inkqubo yesalathisi.

Chaza isiphumo ngaphambi kokulungiselela idayi

Bhala phantsi umxube wesampulu, uphawu ekujoliswe kulo, iiyunithi, indlela esebenzayo, kunye nesigqibo esiza kuxhaswa sisiphumo. Emva koko khetha umxube wesixhobo sokusabela, ulungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo, izilawuli, kunye neemeko zokuphatha ezigcina loo mlinganiselo uthembekile.

Kumsebenzi osebenzisa ukukhanya, sebenzisa isikhokelo sokwenza igophe lolungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo yemethylene blue ukuze ukhangele iisampulu ezingenanto ehlalutywayo, uluhlu loxinzelelo, kunye nokuba impendulo ilandela umgca othe ngqo na. Ingxelo eluncedo ichaza into etshintshileyo, indlela elinganiswe ngayo, kunye nokutolika okuxhaswa luvavanyo. Igama ledayi alinakunika ezo nkcukacha.