Imikoreshereze y’ubururu bwa metilene mu isesengura no ku bidukikije

Ubururu bwa metilene bukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi bwo gupima muri laboratwari, ariko muri buri buryo bugira umurimo utandukanye. Mu gipimo kimwe cy’amazi, laboratwari yongeramo irangi kugira ngo itahure ibinyabutabire bigabanya ubukana bwo ku buso. Mu kindi, imikoranire y’ibinyabutabire ituma iryo rangi rikorwa riturutse kuri silifide. Mu igerageza ryo gufatwa ku buso, laboratwari ipima ingano y’irangi ryongewemo riva mu gisubizo.

Ubu buryo bwose bushobora kurangira habonetse amazi y’ubururu n’igipimo gisomwe na sipekitorofotometero. Ibisubizo byabwo ntibishobora gusimburana. Mbere yo guhitamo uburyo, menya icyitegererezo, umwihariko upimwa, n’uruhare rw’ubururu bwa metilene mu kubyara ikimenyetso gipimwa.

Shaka uburyo busubiza ikibazo cyawe

Urutonde rukurikira rutandukanya imikoreshereze y’ingenzi mu isesengura no ku bidukikije. “Umwihariko upimwa” usobanura igisubizo igerageza rishobora gushyigikira, igihe ibigereranyo bigenzura igerageza n’ikaliburasiyo byaryo bifite ishingiro.

Ikibazo n’uburyo bwo gupima	Icyitegererezo	Uruhare rw’ubururu bwa metilene	Umwihariko upimwa n’imbibi z’isobanura ryawo
Gupima ibinyabutabire bigabanya ubukana bwo ku buso hakoreshejwe MBAS	Amazi cyangwa amazi yanduye	Ikinyabutabire cyongewemo gikora imigozi y’iyoni ebyiri ishobora gukurwamo	Ibinyabutabire bikorana n’ubururu bwa metilene; ntibigaragaza buri kinyabutabire kigabanya ubukana bwo ku buso ukwacyo.
Gupima silifide hifashishijwe ibara	Ibyitegererezo by’amazi cyangwa imyanda birebwa n’ubwo buryo	Irangi rikorwa mu mikoranire y’ibinyabutabire yo mu isesengura	Ubwinshi bwa silifide busobanurwa n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe; okisidasiyo no guhinduka umwuka kw’ibigize icyitegererezo bishobora gutera igihombo.
Ibipimo byo gufatwa ku buso bwa karubone ikora	Igisubizo cy’irangi gishyizwe mu guhura n’ikintu gikomeye gifite misa izwi	Ikintu gifatwa ku buso gipimwa mbere na nyuma yo guhura	Ingano y’irangi ryafashwe mu bihe byagenwe; ntigaragaza ubushobozi rusange bwo kuyungurura.
Gupima ibumba n’utubuye two mu bwubatsi	Igice cyagenwe cy’ubutaka, utubuye two mu bwubatsi, cyangwa ifu yuzuza	Ikintu gifatwa ku buso bw’icyitegererezo kigafasha kugipima	Agaciro k’ubururu bwa metilene kagengwa n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe; ibice by’icyitegererezo bigira ingaruka ku kugereranya.
Amagerageza yo gusenywa hakoreshejwe umusemburo ukorana n’urumuri	Igisubizo cy’irangi n’umusemburo biri mu rumuri rwagenwe	Ikinyabutabire cy’icyitegererezo gikurwamo cyangwa gihindurwa	Kugabanuka kw’ibara cyangwa impinduka mu binyabutabire, bitewe n’ibipimo; kugabanuka kw’ibara byonyine ntibyemeza ko byahindutse ibinyabutabire bitari ibya karubone kama.
Amagerageza kuri polimeri n’ibice biyungurura	Igice kiyungurura, agahu, cyangwa ikintu gikozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye bishyizwe mu gisubizo cy’irangi	Ikintu gifasha gupima kunyura cyangwa gufatwa	Kunyura, kugumishwa, cyangwa gufatwa kw’irangi mu miterere yageragejwe; kugumishwa gushobora kubamo gufatwa ku buso.
Ibyuma byumva impinduka z’amashanyarazi n’ibinyabutabire	Igisubizo kiyobora amashanyarazi cyangwa imiterere y’ibigize icyitegererezo yemejwe ko ibereye igipimo	Ikimenyetso cy’impinduka za okisidasiyo na redigisiyo	Igisubizo cy’amashanyarazi gifitanye isano n’ikigamijwe binyuze mu buryo bwo kukimenya n’ikaliburasiyo y’icyuma.
Gupima kwinjira kw’irangi mu bipfunyika	Ibipfunyika bifunze, byuzuye cyangwa birimo ibibisimbura bikwiye	Ikimenyetso gishobora gutahurwa kiri hanze y’igipfunyika	Kwinjira gushobora gutahurwa mu bihe by’igerageza; si igipimo gitaziguye cy’uko nta mikorobe irimo.
Titirasi ikoresha imvange y’ibipimo by’ibara bya Tashiro	Igisubizo kiri gukorerwa titirasi yagenwe ya aside na baze	Igice cy’imvange y’ibipimo by’ibara	Ibara ry’iherezo rya titirasi rigengwa n’imvange yakoreshejwe; si impinduka ya okisidasiyo na redigisiyo y’ubururu bwa metilene yonyine.

Ikinyabutabire cyifashishwa n’igicuruzwa cy’imikoranire y’ibinyabutabire bisaba ikaliburasiyo zitandukanye

Mu gipimo cya MBAS, ubururu bwa metilene bukorana n’ibinyabutabire bifite iyoni mbi kandi bigabanya ubukana bwo ku buso, bugakora ibinyabutabire bikurwamo bikajya muri koloroforome. Incamake y’Uburyo bwa EPA 425.1 muri NEMI isobanura gupima ibara ry’ibyakuwemo. Igisubizo cy’isesengura kireba ibinyabutabire byitabira ubu buryo, aho kuba urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibinyabutabire by’isuku byose biri mu mazi.

Uburyo bwo gupima silifide buhindura uruhare rw’irangi. Mu Buryo bwa EPA 376.2, silifide ikorana na dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine hari kolorure y’icyuma cya feri, bigakora ubururu bwa metilene. Ubu buryo bureba imiterere yagenwe y’ibigize amazi n’imyanda, ariko ntibureba silifide zidashonga muri aside. Bunaburira ko kwinjiza umwuka bishobora gukuramo silifide cyangwa kwinjizamo ogisijeni iyihindura mu buryo budashobora gupimwa.

Iri tandukaniro rigira ingaruka ku ikaliburasiyo. Ibyitegererezo ngenderwaho bigomba guhagararira ikinyabutabire kigamijwe kandi bikanyuzwa mu mikoranire y’ibinyabutabire bireba. Icupa ry’igisubizo cy’ubururu ntirihita riba umusimbura ubereye icyitegererezo ngenderwaho cya silifide cyangwa cy’ikinyabutabire kigabanya ubukana bwo ku buso. Uburyo icyitegererezo gifatwa na bwo ni igice cy’igipimo: igikoresho gipima neza ntigishobora kugarura ikinyabutabire kigamijwe cyatakaye mbere y’isesengura.

Ibipimo by’ibikoresho bipima imyitwarire yabyo mu bihe byatoranyijwe

Igerageza ryo gufatwa ku buso akenshi ritangirana n’ubwinshi buzwi bw’irangi mu gisubizo hamwe n’ingano izwi y’ikintu gikomeye. Nyuma yo guhura, laboratwari itandukanya icyo kintu gikomeye n’amazi, igapima irangi risigaye mu mazi. Itandukaniro ry’ubwinshi bw’irangi mu gisubizo, ingano y’igisubizo, na misa y’ikintu gikomeye bitanga ingano isa n’iyafashwe kuri buri gipimo cya misa, igihe ibaruramisa rifite ishingiro.

Ubushakashatsi bugereranya gufatwa k’ubururu bwa metilene ku buso bw’amoko atandukanye ya karubone bwagaragaje ko gukuramo irangi byaterwaga n’ubwinshi bwaryo bwa mbere mu gisubizo, ingano y’uduce, igihe bimara bihuye, ingano y’igikoresho gifata ku buso, na pH. Ibyo bisobanura impamvu ijanisha rinini ry’irangi ryakuwe mu gisubizo ridahagije mu gushyira ibikoresho ku rutonde hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabyo. Igerageza rimwe rishobora gusa kuba ryarakoresheje karubone nyinshi cyane. Koresha amabwiriza yo kugereranya ubushobozi n’umuvuduko byo gufata ku buso kugira ngo ugenzure niba ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje ibihe bishobora kugereranywa.

Gupima utubuye two mu bwubatsi bikoresha gufatwa ku buso ku yindi ntego. ASTM C1777-20, iri ku rutonde rwa ASTM nk’igipimo ngenderwaho kigikoreshwa, itanga ingano y’irangi ryafashwe kuri buri garama y’utubuye duto two mu bwubatsi cyangwa ifu y’amabuye yuzuza. Ako gaciro kagaragaza ingano n’imiterere y’imyunyu ngugu y’ibumba iri mu cyitegererezo.

Igipimo ngenderwaho kiburira mu buryo bweruye ko ibisubizo bya C1777, AASHTO T 330, na EN 933-9 bishobora gutandukana cyane n’iyo ibipimo fatizo byabyo bisa. Mu mpamvu zibitera harimo ibice byageragejwe bifite ingano z’uduce zitandukanye. Umubare ntarengwa wakuwe mu buryo bumwe ntushobora kwimurirwa mu bundi nta kindi gikozwe.

Ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije busaba ibirenze ibara ry’ubururu rigenda ricuyuka

Ubururu bwa metilene ni ingirakamaro nk’ikinyabutabire cy’icyitegererezo kuko ikimenyetso cyabwo cy’urumuri cyoroshye gukurikirana. Nyamara, hari inzira nyinshi zishobora kugabanya icyo kimenyetso. Irangi rishobora kwimukira ku buso bw’ikintu gikomeye, guhinduka ikindi kinyabutabire, cyangwa gusenyuka kurushaho.

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu ntangiriro ku nzira yo gusenywa hakoreshejwe umusemburo ukorana n’urumuri bwasesenguye ubururu bwa metilene mu mazi arimo uduce twa diyogiside ya titaniyumu turi mu rumuri rwa ultraviolet. Abashakashatsi bapimye ibinyabutabire byakorwaga hagati mu nzira no guhinduka kw’ibinyabutabire bya karubone kama mo ibitari ibya karubone kama, hamwe no kuvaho kw’ibara. Urwo ruhererekane rwagutse rw’ibipimo ni ingenzi: kubura kw’ibara riboneka no guhinduka kwa karubone kama mo ibicuruzwa bitari ibya karubone kama ni intego ebyiri zitandukanye.

Urugero, iyo amazi arimo uduce tw’umusemburo acuyutse, banza ubaze niba irangi ryakusanyirijwe ku musemburo. Igerageza rigenzura ryo guhura mu mwijima rifasha gusuzuma gufatwa ku buso; gushyira mu rumuri nta musemburo urimo bifasha gusuzuma impinduka ziterwa n’urumuri rwonyine. Ibimenyetso byo guhinduka kw’ibinyabutabire bya karubone kama mo ibitari ibya karubone kama bisaba igipimo kiboneye cya karubone no kubarura ibice byose byafashwemo ibyitegererezo. Ibi ni ibibazo byerekeye uko igerageza ritegurwa, si imyanzuro yakurwa ku ifoto.

Ubushobozi bugaragazwa mu gisubizo cy’irangi cyateguwe ntibwemeza kandi ubushobozi mu mazi ava mu nganda arimo imyunyu, uduce tutashonze, n’ibinyabutabire bihatanira inzira zimwe. Amabwiriza yerekeye aho ikinyabutabire kigana mu bidukikije n’ibimenyetso byo mu mazi yanduye atandukanya amagerageza y’icyitegererezo n’ibibazo byerekeye guhura kw’ibidukikije n’ikinyabutabire. Imikoreshereze mu gusiga amabara imyenda n’impapuro itanga amakuru y’inganda ajyanye na byo.

Indi mikoreshereze ishingira ku buryo bwose bw’igerageza

Mu cyuma cyumva impinduka z’amashanyarazi n’ibinyabutabire gikoresha apitamere, molekile imenya ikigamijwe iragifata, naho ubururu bwa metilene buyifasheho bugafasha guhindura uko guhura mo ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2026 ku myitwarire y’icyuma muri pilasima bwagaragaje uburyo poroteyine n’ibindi bigize icyitegererezo bishobora guhindura ubushobozi bwacyo ugereranyije no mu gisubizo kigumisha pH. Ikibazo gifatika ni ukwemeza ko uburyo bukora mu miterere y’ibigize icyitegererezo: ikaliburasiyo mu gisubizo cyoroshye ntitanga icyizere cy’ibipimo byizewe mu cyitegererezo gifite ibice byinshi.

Ku bipfunyika, kwinjira kw’irangi kugenzura niba ikimenyetso gishobora gutahurwa cyinjira mu mwenge mu gihe cy’igerageza ryagenwe. Amabwiriza ya FDA ku gupima ubusugire bw’ibikoresho n’imifuniko yabyo ashyira uburyo bwo gupima kwinjira kw’irangi bwemejwe neza mu bipimo by’ubusugire bishobora gukoreshwa. Anatandukanya imikoreshereze yabwo muri gahunda zo kugenzura ukudahinduka kw’ibicuruzwa n’ibipimo byo kureba ko nta mikorobe irimo mbere yo kurekura ibicuruzwa. Igisubizo kitagaragaza irangi gisobanura ko icyo gipimo kitatahuye kwinjira, si uko inzira zose zishoboka zo kwandura zakuweho.

Kuri titirasi, ibisobanuro by’igipimo cy’ibara cya Tashiro bya ITW Reagents bigaragaza imvange y’umutuku wa metile n’ubururu bwa metilene ikoreshwa muri titirasi za amoniya. Ihinduka ry’ibara ryanditswe ni iry’iyo mvange. Gusimbuza iyo mvange ubururu bwa metilene bwonyine bihindura uburyo bwo kugaragaza iherezo rya titirasi.

Sobanura igisubizo mbere yo gutegura irangi

Andika imiterere y’ibigize icyitegererezo, umwihariko ugamijwe, ibipimo fatizo, uburyo bukwiye gukoreshwa, n’icyemezo igisubizo kizafasha gufata. Hanyuma uhitemo imvange y’ikinyabutabire cyifashishwa, ikaliburasiyo, ibigereranyo bigenzura igerageza, n’uburyo bwo gufata icyitegererezo birinda ubusugire bw’icyo gipimo.

Mu kazi gashingiye ku rumuri, koresha amabwiriza yo gukora umurongo w’ikaliburasiyo y’ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo ugenzure ibyitegererezo bitarimo ikigamijwe, urwego rw’ubwinshi mu gisubizo, n’uko umurongo ugororotse. Raporo y’ingirakamaro ivuga icyahindutse, uko cyapimwe, n’isobanura igerageza rishyigikira. Izina ry’irangi ntirishobora gutanga ayo makuru.