Methylene blue da barci: abin da gwaje-gwaje suka rubuta, da abin da babu wanda ya auna

Layi guda a cikin jadawalin matsalolin da suka faru yayin gwaji shi ne mafi girman shaidar da ake da ita kan barci ga wannan rukunin magunguna. A cikin gwajin makonni 52 na rarrabawa bisa bazata kan nau'in cutar mantuwa ta frontotemporal da ke shafar ɗabi'a, marasa lafiya 3 daga cikin 110 da suke shan 8 mg a rana sun ba da rahoton rashin barci, haka kuma 7 daga cikin 108 da suke shan 200 mg a rana. Marubutan sun saka rashin barci cikin matsalolin da suka ƙaru tare da kashi, tare da ƙarancin jini, gudawa, tashin zuciya, wahalar fitsari, yawan yin fitsari da amai.

Kashin da ya fi sau ashirin da biyar ya haifar da rashin barci kusan sau biyu da rabi. Wannan ƙaramin alama ne a cikin ƙaramin jadawali, kuma yana tafiya ne sabanin abin da ya sa yawancin mutane suke binciken wannan batu.

Babu gwajin rarrabawa bisa bazata na methylene blue, ko na sigarsa da aka rage ta fuskar sinadarai, hydromethylthionine mesylate, da ya auna barci a matsayin sakamako. Binciken da aka yi don wannan maƙala bai gano wani nazari da ya yi amfani da takardar tambayoyi kan barci, actigraphy, ko kwana ɗaya a dakin gwajin barci ba. Abin da ake da shi shi ne abin da mara lafiya ya ambata kawai, wanda kuma ma'aikacin lafiya ya sanya wa lambar rukuni, hanyar tattara bayanai da ta fi rauni fiye da yadda take iya zama a ji.

Abin da shirye-shiryen rarrabawa bisa bazata suka rubuta

Rukunin bayanai uku sun ƙunshi duk bayanan da aka gano masu alaƙa da barci. Biyu gwaje-gwajen rarrabawa bisa bazata ne na hydromethylthionine, sigar wannan ginshiƙin phenothiazine da aka rage ta fuskar sinadarai kuma aka daidaita a matsayin gishiri. Na ukun kuma bayanin rubuta magani ne na Amurka ga samfurin da ake bayarwa ta jijiya.

Bayanai biyu a layi na biyu sun fi lambobin muhimmanci. Na farko, rukunin kwatantawa ya karɓi methylthioninium chloride, wannan sinadari da ake sayarwa a matsayin methylene blue, a kashin 4 mg sau biyu a mako. An ba da shi a matsayin sinadarin canza launin fitsari da ba a sa ran yana da tasirin jiyya, domin mahalarta kada su iya bambance rukunonin biyu ta kallon kwanon bayan gida. Na biyu, mai gudanar da binciken bai ɗauki ko ɗaya daga cikin lokuta takwas na rashin barci a rukunonin da ke karɓar maganin gwaji a matsayin mai alaƙa da maganin ba. Amma an ɗauki lokuta uku na yawan jin barci daga cikin 332 a matsayin masu alaƙa da shi.

Matsalar da ta faru yayin gwaji ba ma'auni ba ce. Abin da wani ya ambata ne, aka rubuta shi da kalmomi dabam da waɗanda mai karatu yake amfani da su, a cikin mutanen da suke da cutar lalacewar tsarin jijiyoyi, da yawa daga cikinsu kuma suna shan magungunan kwantar da hankali da na rage baƙin ciki. Fassara “ba a jera ba” a layi na uku a matsayin “ba ya faruwa” zai zama kuskure saboda dalili na akasin haka: marasa lafiya 31 ƙaramin samfurin bincike ne da zai iya kasa gano kusan kowace matsala, kuma bayanin rubuta maganin ya bayyana a sarari cewa ba a san dangantakar yawan maganin da jiki ya samu da martaninsa ko amincinsa ba.

Daga ina ikirarin barci suka fito

Kusan kowace maƙala, bidiyo, da shafin samfur da ke danganta wannan sinadari da barci a ƙarshe suna nuni ne zuwa sakamako guda. A 2007, Oxenkrug da abokan aikinsa sun auna aikin monoamine oxidase da sinadaran indole a glandar pineal ta bera bayan kashi guda da aka yi allurarsa ƙarƙashin fata.

Methylene blue ya kasance mai hana aikin monoamine oxidase nau'in A ta hanyar gasa, wanda tasirinsa zai iya juyawa, a Ki na kusan 180 nanomoles, da na nau'in B a kusan 1,400 nanomoles, wato fifita nau'in A da kusan ninki takwas. Beraye biyar a kowane rukuni, 10 mg/kg ƙarƙashin fata, an cire glandodin pineal bayan mintuna 90. Melatonin ya tashi daga 0.17 zuwa 0.71 nanograms a kowace glanda. N-acetylserotonin, sinadarin da ake samar da melatonin kai tsaye daga gare shi, ya tashi daga ƙasa da iyakar da za a iya ganowa zuwa 0.86. Serotonin na pineal ya tashi daga 79 zuwa 118, kuma 5-HIAA, sinadarin da ke samuwa bayan rushewarsa, ya sauka daga 10.9 zuwa 4.1.

Hujjar da ke biye ta dace da ilimin sinadarai. Serotonin shi ne albarkatun samar da melatonin, kuma noradrenaline yana motsa matakin acetylation da ke sauya serotonin zuwa N-acetylserotonin. Idan aka toshe enzyme da ke lalata su duka, pineal zai sami ƙarin albarkatun yayin lokacin haske da ƙarin sinadarin farko lokacin da duhu ya zo.

Amma wannan yana da nisa sosai da tabbatar da cewa mutum zai yi barci da kyau. Abin da aka auna shi ne abin da ke cikin glandar dabbar da aka yi wa maganin sa barcin tiyata a lokaci guda, kuma babu wani abu a tsarin gwajin da ya rubuta tsawon lokacin da bera ya yi barci, saurin da ya yi barci, ko yadda ya ji washegari. An rubuta takardar ne kan hanyoyin aikin magungunan rage baƙin ciki, kuma sashen tattaunawarta ya gabatar da yiwuwar cewa ƙara melatonin da rana zai iya gyara karkacewar tsarin agogon jiki na yini da dare a marasa lafiya masu baƙin ciki. Wannan hasashe ne a sashen tattaunawa, kuma daga nan ikirarin barci ya fito.

Ikirarin mafarkai masu bayyana sosai ba shi da tushen da aka wallafa

Binciken da aka yi don wannan maƙala bai gano rahoton hali guda ba, ko jerin rahotannin halaye, ko wani bayani a gwaji, ko nazarin da ya danganta methylene blue da mafarkai masu bayyana sosai, munanan mafarkai, ko sauyin tuna mafarki ba. Ikirarin yana cikin tattaunawar yanar gizo, ba cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya ba.

Shaidun rukunin magungunan suna nuni da akasin haka yayin jiyya. Lokacin da aka ba marasa lafiya masu matsalolin yanayin zuciya clorgyline da pargyline, masu hana monoamine oxidase nau'ikan A da B musamman, na tsawon makonni huɗu, an kusan kawar da barcin REM gaba ɗaya kuma jimillar lokacin barci ta ragu. Wani bita mai tsari kan magungunan rage baƙin ciki da mafarki, wanda ya ƙunshi nazarin asibiti 21 da rahotannin halaye 25, ya gano cewa yawan tuna mafarki yana raguwa yayin shan phenelzine, sanannen maganin hana monoamine oxidase. Munanan mafarkai a waɗannan wallafe-wallafen suna bayyana ne lokacin daina maganin, yayin da barcin REM yake dawowa da ƙarfi, ba lokacin da ake shan maganin ba.

Saboda haka, hanyar aikin da ake yawan ambata a matsayin dalilin mafarkai masu bayyana sosai tana hasashen ƙarancin barcin REM da ƙarancin tuna mafarki a yanayin da aka saba, tare da dawowar tasiri mara daɗi idan aka daina. Ba a gwada ko methylene blue yana yin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan a mutum ba. Hanawar da yake yi na iya juyawa, kuma ya fi phenelzine rauni sosai wajen hana enzyme, sannan ba a taɓa gudanar da nazarin ɗan adam da zai amsa wannan tambaya ba.

Ikirarin gajiyar sauyin yankin lokaci yana da ainihin tushe

Takarda guda ce a bayansa. Oxenkrug da Requintina sun ƙirƙiri samfurin gajiyar sauyin yankin lokaci a beraye ta hanyar sauya zagayowar haske, sannan suka auna serotonin, N-acetylserotonin da melatonin a pineal ta hanyar chromatography na ruwa mai inganci sosai tare da gano kyalli.

An ba da rahoton sakamako biyu. Alluran melatonin a farkon sabon lokacin duhu sun hanzarta dawowar zagayowar N-acetylserotonin da melatonin. Kuma N-acetylserotonin da methylene blue, wanda aka bayyana a takardar a matsayin mai hana monoamine oxidase A, sun rage tangardar da haske ya jawo wa N-acetylserotonin, amma ba ta melatonin ba.

Karanta wannan a hankali. A samfurin dabba na ainihin yanayin da ikirarin yake magana a kai, methylene blue ya sauya alamar sinadarin farko guda ɗaya amma bai sauya zagayowar melatonin ba. Ƙarshe da takardar kanta ta cimma ya shafi lokacin isowa da ya fi dacewa a jirgin da ke tafiya gabas da kuma yadda ya kamata a tsara lokacin ba da melatonin. Ba ta gabatar da methylene blue a matsayin maganin gajiyar sauyin yankin lokaci ba, kuma babu nazarin ɗan adam da ya gwada shi a haka.

Hana ƙananan beraye barci ba auna barci ba ne

Gwajin da aka fi ambata a matsayin shaida cewa methylene blue yana taimakawa da rashin samun barci bai auna barci ba. Marzabadi da abokan aikinsa sun saka ƙananan beraye maza 60 na BALB/c cikin wani tsarin dandamali da yawa da aka gyara, inda ake tilasta dabbar da aka ɗora a kan ƙaramin dandamali ta kasance a farke. Sun kwatanta rukunin kwatantawa da ke kan faɗin dandamali da dabbobin da aka hana barci, methylene blue kaɗai, laser mai aika bugun haske na 810-nanometre kaɗai, da haɗin biyun.

An yi allurar methylene blue a 0.5 mg/kg a kwanaki goma a jere kafin fara hana barcin, sannan aka yi amfani da laser kowace rana ɗaya a tsallake. An ba koyon abu da ƙwaƙwalwa maki ta amfani da gwajin hanyar T-maze, gwajin hulɗar zamantakewa da akwatin shuttle box, sannan aka auna matakan PSD-95, GAP-43 da synaptophysin a hippocampus bayan haka.

Hana barci ya rage yawan sauya zaɓi, son hulɗa da wasu, sha'awar sabbin abokan hulɗa da ma'aunin ƙwaƙwalwa. Babu ɗaya daga cikin jiyyar da aka yi ita kaɗai da ta mayar da yawancin waɗannan ma'aunai yadda suke. Haɗin biyun ya yi hakan, kuma ya ƙara dukkan alamomin synapse guda uku. Abin da aka gano shi ne cewa haɗin jiyyar da aka yi tun kafin hana barci ya kare ƙwaƙwalwar dabbobin da aka lalata barcinsu. Hana barcin shi ne cutarwar da aka ƙirƙira a tsarin gwajin, ba sakamakon da ake aunawa ba. Ba a rubuta lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin yin barci, tsawon barci ko tsarin matakan barci ba, kuma karanta takardar a matsayin shaida kan yadda wani yake barci da kyau yana juya ma'anar abin da ta auna.

Safiya ko dare: lambobin ba su yanke hukunci ba

Ana maimaita shawarar lokacin sha da cikakken tabbaci, alhali ba a taɓa gwada ta ba. Babu gwajin da ya kwatanta shan maganin da safiya da shansa da yamma, a kowane rukunin mutane, domin wani sakamako na barci.

Abin da aka auna shi ne jinkirin tafiyar sinadarin a jiki. A wani nazarin kashi guda a masu sa-kai masu lafiya, shan 200 mg ta baki bayan shirya hanji ya haifar da matakan sinadarin a jini da suka ci gaba da tashi na awanni goma sha biyu, suka kai kololuwa a matsakaicin tsakiya na awanni 16. Lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin adadin ya ragu zuwa rabi ya kasance daga awanni 14 zuwa 27 a wannan kashi, da kuma daga awanni 6 zuwa 26 a 400 mg. Samfurin da ake bayarwa ta jijiya a bayanin rubuta maganin yana da lokacin raguwa zuwa rabi na kusan awanni 24, kuma ana fitar da kusan 40% ta fitsari ba tare da ya sauya ba, yayin da yawan maganin da jiki yake samu yake ƙaruwa sosai idan aikin ƙoda ya ragu.

Saboda haka, kashin da aka sha ta baki lokacin karin kumallo yana kai kololuwar da aka auna wajen tsakar dare. Wannan ya cancanci a yi tunani a kansa, domin shawarwari biyu da ake yawan yaɗawa sun dogara ne kan cewa hakan ba gaskiya ba ne. “Sha shi da safe domin kada ya hana barci” yana ɗauka cewa tasirinsa ya wuce kafin lokacin kwanciya. “Sha shi da dare domin tasirinsa yana ƙarewa da sauri” yana ɗaukar akasin haka. Nazarin ɗan adam guda ɗaya da ake da shi kan yadda jiki ke sarrafa maganin bai goyi bayan ɗan gajeren tasiri da yamma ba, kuma gwajin bera da ya haifar da batun melatonin yana bayar da hujjar bayar da kashi a farkon lokacin haske saboda wani dalili daban gaba ɗaya: ƙara sinadarin farko na melatonin da rana. Akwai jagora dabam kan tsawon lokacin da sinadarin yake zama a jiki idan lambobin fitar da shi daga jiki ne abin da ka zo nema.

Amsar gaskiya ga tambayar lokacin sha ita ce babu wanda ya sani, kuma matakan sinadarin da aka auna suna nuna bai kamata a yi kamar an sani ba.

Rahoton ɗan adam guda ɗaya kan sauyin matsalar barci

An gano wallafar ɗan adam guda ɗaya kacal inda aka ba wani mai matsalar barci methylene blue, kuma rahoton hali guda ne.

Wani rahoton hali na 2021 a Cureus ya bayyana namiji ɗan shekara 15 mai ciwon Kleine-Levin, wata cuta mai wuya wadda take haifar da maimaituwar lokutan barci mai yawa na tsawon kwanaki zuwa makonni, tare da ruɗani, jin kamar muhallin da yake ciki ba na gaske ba ne, da sauyin ɗabi'a. An yi masa jiyya da lithium na shekara uku, kuma modafinil, methylprednisolone, magungunan antipsychotic marasa kama da na gargajiya da amantadine ba su haifar da wani sauƙi ba. Yana da shekara 18 ya shiga wani lokaci na cutar da ya ɗauki kusan watanni shida. Da amincewar iyayensa, an ba shi 10 mg na methylene blue ta baki awa ɗaya kafin a yi masa jajayen haske ta cikin hanci na mintuna 25 kowane dare, a 633 nanometres, 11.4 joules a kowane square centimetre. Cikin mako guda, yawan barcin da alamomin sauyin ɗabi'a sun gushe. Bayan shekara biyu bai sake samun wannan matsalar ba kuma ba ya shan wani magani.

Marubutan da kansu sun bayyana iyakar rahoton: mutum guda, ba nazarin bibiyar lokaci ba ne, kuma an san cewa hare-haren Kleine-Levin suna rage yawan faruwarsu yayin da shekaru suke wucewa, abin da ya sa ba zai yiwu a danganta gushewar matsalar da jiyyar ba. Akwai wata iyaka ta biyu da ba su jaddada ba. An yi amfani da hanyoyin jiyya biyu a lokaci guda, kuma ɗaya daga cikinsu jajayen haske ne da aka aika cikin kogon hanci tare da sinadarin da duk amfani da shi wajen jiyya ta photodynamic yake dogara da haske ya kunna shi. Mai karatu ba zai iya ware tasirin rinin daga na hasken ko na wucewar lokaci ba, kuma rahoton ba dalili ba ne na gwada methylene blue don matsalar barci.

Abin da bayanan ɗan adam suke nuna shi ne tasirin kwantar da hankali

Inda akwai ma'aunai na ɗan adam kan tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, yawancinsu suna nuni ne da tasirin kwantar da hankali maimakon ƙara farkawa.

Wani nazarin 2008 a Anaesthesia ya kwatanta marasa lafiya 11 da aka ba methylene blue tun kafin tiyata da mutane 11 masu halaye makamantansu a rukunin kwatantawa, yayin fara maganin sa barcin tiyata da kuma lokacin tiyatar. An yi amfani da ma'aunin Bispectral da tsarin shigar da propofol da ke sarrafa matakin da ake nufi. A matakin propofol da aka yi hasashen zai kai 2 micrograms a kowane millilitre a wurin tasirinsa, maki na kwantar da hankali da ƙimar ma'aunin sun yi ƙasa sosai a rukunin da aka yi wa jiyyar. A duk tsawon tiyatar, marasa lafiyar da aka yi wa jiyyar tun farko sun buƙaci matsakaicin 50% ƙasa da propofol domin kaiwa zurfin maganin sa barcin tiyata iri ɗaya. Takardar ta fara da lura cewa an riga an ba da rahoton jinkirin farfaɗowa daga maganin sa barcin tiyata da matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi a marasa lafiya masu tiyatar parathyroid da aka ba methylene blue tun kafin tiyatar. Ta ƙare da shawarar daidaita kashi a hankali duk lokacin da aka shigar da maganin kusa da lokacin tiyata.

Bayanin rubuta maganin yana faɗin abu ɗaya da wasu kalmomi. Jiyyar na iya haifar da ruɗani, jiri da matsalolin gani, kuma ana shawartar marasa lafiya su guji tuƙi ko amfani da injuna masu haɗari har sai waɗannan sun gushe, umarnin da ba shi da dangantaka bayyananniya da sinadarin da ake sayarwa a matsayin taimakon barci.

Sannan akwai amfani da shi wajen magance yanayi mai kama da barci. Ifosfamide, maganin chemotherapy, na iya haifar da encephalopathy, wato matsalar aikin ƙwaƙwalwa wadda manyan alamominta su ne yawan jin barci mai tsanani, rashin natsuwa da ruɗani, waɗanda za su iya kaiwa ga suma. Methylene blue yana cikin magungunan da ake bayarwa don wannan. A wani bita na halaye 24 a MD Anderson Cancer Center, marasa lafiya 20 sun karɓi methylene blue kuma alamomi sun gushe a 19, tare da dawowar matsalar a uku daga cikin biyar da aka sake ba ifosfamide daga baya yayin da suke karɓar methylene blue domin kariya.

Maganin da ke ƙara zurfin barcin tiyata, yana haifar da jiri da ruɗani, kuma ake amfani da shi wajen kawar da yanayin yawan jin barci da chemotherapy ya jawo, ba a fili yake a matsayin taimakon barci ba. Magani ne mai ainihin tasiri kan tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, wanda alkiblar tasirinsa take dogara da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin jiki.

Magungunan dare, da numfashi da dare

Bayanai biyu a bayanin rubuta maganin sun cancanci kulawar duk wanda yake shan methylene blue da yamma tare da wani abu.

Na farko shi ne jerin hulɗar magunguna. Takardar bayanin ta ambaci SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, bupropion, buspirone, clomipramine, mirtazapine, linezolid, opioids da dextromethorphan, kuma ta ba da shawarar guje wa shan duk wani maganin da ke tasiri kan serotonin cikin awanni 72 bayan kashi na ƙarshe. Ana samun biyu daga cikin waɗannan a kan teburin gefen gado. Mirtazapine maganin rage baƙin ciki ne mai kwantar da hankali wanda aka saba sha da dare. Dextromethorphan shi ne maganin dakatar da tari da ke cikin magungunan mura na dare, kuma ana sayar da shi ba tare da takardar likita ba. Babu ɗaya daga cikin haɗin biyu da yake hasashe kawai: takardar bayanin ta rubuta lokutan ciwon serotonin daga samfuran rukunin methylene blue, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun yi sanadin mutuwa. Wani rahoton hali da aka wallafa na lokacin tiyata ya bayyana wani mutum ɗan shekara 67 wanda rashin natsuwarsa, motsin tsokoki na clonus da matsanancin zafin jikinsa suka bayyana ne kawai lokacin da yake farfaɗowa daga maganin sa barcin tiyata na gaba ɗaya, bayan an ba shi methylene blue yayin tiyatar.

Melatonin, benzodiazepines, magungunan z kamar zopiclone, da diphenhydramine ba masu tasiri kan serotonin ba ne, don haka damuwar a nan ba ciwon serotonin ba ce. Damuwar ita ce abin da nazarin maganin sa barcin tiyata ya auna: taruwar tasirin kwantar da hankali a wani kashi da babu wanda ya fayyace.

Bayani na biyu ya shafi numfashi. Cikin matsalolin da aka ba da rahotonsu ga samfuran rukunin methylene blue, bayanin rubuta maganin ya jera toshewar hanci, ciwon baki da maƙogwaro, zubar ruwan hanci da atishawa. Waɗannan rahotanni ne da aka bayar ba tare da an nema ba, ba su da yawan faruwa kuma ba a bayyana hanyar da aka ba da maganin ba. Irin waɗannan sauye-sauye na iya bayyana a matsayin farkawa da bushewar baki da jin cewa yadda aka shaƙi iska ta hanci da daddare ya bambanta. Akwai labarin mai karatu guda ɗaya kan sauyawa kwatsam zuwa numfashi ta baki yayin barci a wata tattaunawar yanar gizo ba tare da binciken lafiya, tarihin magunguna ko wani ma'auni ba, wanda kawai yake tabbatar da cewa an bayar da rahoto, ba wani abu fiye da haka ba.

Duk wanda matsalar barcinsa ta ƙunshi minshari, dakatarwar numfashi da wani ya gani, ko jin barci da rana mai tsanani har ya yi barci yana tuƙi, ya kamata ya duba batun dakatarwar numfashi yayin barci maimakon ƙarin abinci. Ana iya gano apnoea, ana iya magance ta, kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin shaidun da ke sama da ya shafe ta.

Ingancin sinadarin ma wani abu ne da zai iya sauyawa a nan

Kashin da aka yi amfani da shi a kowane nazari da ke sama adadi ne da aka auna na takamaiman sinadari daga kamfanin ƙera magunguna, tare da takardar shaidar binciken sinadari da ke tabbatar da shi. Kwalba daga mai sayarwa da ba a tabbatar da shi ba ba irin wannan ba ce, kuma bambancin ba na kamanni kawai ba ne. Matsayin USP shi ne ma'aunin da mai saye zai iya dubawa, kuma sinadarin da bai cika shi ba mai yiwuwa nau'in da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar yadi ne. Wannan na iya ƙunsar gurɓatattun sinadaran organic kamar Azure B, ragowar sinadaran narkarwa da ƙarafa masu nauyi a matakan da ƙa'idar magunguna take iyakancewa.

Yawancin masu sayarwa da suke bayyana samfur a matsayin wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta gwada suna gwajin ƙarafa masu nauyi kawai, sannan su gabatar da wannan rukunin gwaji guda a matsayin cika duk ƙa'idodi. Blupreme yana gwada cikakkun ƙa'idodin USP: tantance sinadarin, tsabta, gurɓatattun sinadaran organic, ragowar sinadaran narkarwa, gurɓatattun abubuwa na sinadarai, ragowar bayan ƙonewa, iyakokin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da endotoxins na ƙwayoyin bacteria. Ana tura kowane rukunin samarwa tare da takardar shaidar binciken sinadari, kuma karanta ta daidai yana nufin daidaita lambar rukunin samarwa da dakin gwaje-gwajen da kwalbar da ke hannunka.

Babu wani abu daga cikin waɗannan da yake samar da fa'idar barci, kuma ba shi ne dalilin shan wannan sinadari ba. Idan ka sha shi duk da haka, sanin abin da ke cikin kapsul ɗin shi ne mafi ƙarancin abin da ya kamata, kuma madogarar bayanan aminci da jagorar hulɗar magunguna suna tattauna tambayoyin da suke zuwa kafin duk wata magana kan lokacin sha.

A taƙaice

Babu gwajin rarrabawa bisa bazata da ya auna barci yayin jiyyar methylene blue. Bayanai kaɗai kan barci a tarihin gwaje-gwajen rarrabawa bisa bazata layukan matsalolin da suka faru ne, kuma a mafi girman kwatancen kashi da ake da shi, yawan rashin barci ya kasance 2.7% a 8 mg a rana idan aka kwatanta da 6.5% a 200 mg a rana.

Ikirarin mafarkai masu bayyana sosai ba shi da tushen da aka wallafa, kuma wallafe-wallafen monoamine oxidase suna hasashen akasin haka yayin jiyya. Ba a taɓa gwada batun safiya idan aka kwatanta da dare ba, kuma kashin da aka sha ta baki yana kai kololuwa a jini a matsakaicin tsakiya na awanni 16, wanda ya fi kusa da tsakar dare fiye da lokacin abincin rana ga duk wanda yake shan kashinsa lokacin karin kumallo. Gwajin hana barci da ake yaɗawa a matsayin shaida nazarin ƙwaƙwalwa ne da ba a rubuta wani barci a cikinsa ba, kuma rahoton ɗan adam guda ɗaya na samun sauƙin matsalar barci ya shafi mara lafiya guda ɗaya da ya san jiyyar da yake karɓa, yana karɓar hanyoyin jiyya biyu a lokaci guda.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin shaidun ɗan adam yana tattara abin da waɗannan gwaje-gwaje suka tabbatar, bitar ƙwaƙwalwa da mayar da hankali tana nazarin ma'aunan tunani da suka fi kusa da barci a cikin waɗannan nazarce-nazarce, kuma ɗakin karatun bincike yana tsara takardun da ke bayan kowane ikirari a wannan shafi.