Chinyorwa
Methylene blue mukuyedza kwekuongorora netsvakurudzo yezvakatipoteredza
Methylene blue inoshandiswa munzira dzakawanda dzemurabhoritari, asi basa rayo rinosiyana mune imwe neimwe. Mune kumwe kuyedzwa kwemvura, rabhoritari inowedzera dhayi kuti ione masurfactant. Mune kumwe, kuita kwemakemikari kunogadzira dhayi kubva musulfide. Pakuyedza kunamatira pamusoro pechinhu, rabhoritari inoyera kuti idhayi rakawedzerwa rakawanda sei rinobuda musolusheni.
Nzira idzi dzose dzinogona kuguma nemvura yebhuruu uye kuverengwa nespectrophotometer. Migumisiro yadzo haigoni kutsiviwa neimwe. Usati wasarudza nzira, ziva sampuli, hunhu huri kuyerwa, uye basa remethylene blue mukugadzira chiratidzo chinoyerwa.
Tsvaga nzira inopindura mubvunzo wako
Rondedzero inotevera inopatsanura mashandisirwo makuru ekuongorora neezvakatipoteredza. “Hunhu hunoyerwa” hunotsanangura mugumisiro unogona kutsigirwa nekuedza, kana miedzo yekudzora nekuenzanisa nemiyero inozivikanwa zviri kushanda nemazvo.
| Mubvunzo nenzira | Sampuli | Basa remethylene blue | Hunhu hunoyerwa nemuganhu wekududzira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kuyedza masurfactant neMBAS | Mvura kana mvura yetsvina | Chinhu chinowedzerwa kuita mapeya emaayoni anogona kubudiswa nesolvent | Zvinhu zvinoshanda nemethylene blue; hazvizivisi surfactant imwe neimwe yoga. |
| Kuyera sulfide neruvara | Sampuli dzemvura kana dzemarara dzinobatanidzwa nenzira iyi | Dhayi rinogadzirwa panguva yekuita kwemakemikari ekuongorora | Konsentresheni yesulfide inotsanangurwa nenzira yacho; kuita kweoksijeni pasampuli uye kushanduka kuva mhute zvinogona kukonzera kurasika. |
| Miedzo yekunamatira pamusoro pekhabhoni yakagadzirirwa kubata zvinhu | Solusheni yedhayi inosanganiswa nechinhu chakasimba chine uremu hunozivikanwa | Chinhu chinonamatira pamusoro chinoyerwa chisati chasangana nechinhu chakasimba uye chasangana nacho | Dhayi rinotorwa mumamiriro akatarwa; hazviratidzi mashandiro ekusefa anoshanda mumamiriro ose. |
| Kuyedza ivhu revhu nezvinhu zvakapwanyika | Chikamu chakatarwa chevhu, zvinhu zvakapwanyika, kana zvinhu zvekuzadza | Chinhu chekuongorora chinonamatira pamusoro pesampuli | Chiyero chemethylene blue chinoenderana nenzira yacho; zvikamu zvesampuli zvinokanganisa kuenzanisa. |
| Miedzo yekuputsika kunokurumidzirwa nechiedza nekatarisiti | Solusheni yedhayi nekatarisiti zviri pasi pechiedza chakatarwa | Chinhu chemuenzaniso chinobviswa kana kushandurwa | Kurasika kweruvara kana shanduko yemakemikari, zvichienderana nezvayerwa; kurasika kweruvara chete hakuratidzi kushandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisiri zveorganic. |
| Miedzo yemapolymer nemamembrane | Membrane, firimu, kana chinhu chakaumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana chinoiswa musolusheni yedhayi | Chinhu chekuongorora kufamba kana kubatwa kwedhayi | Kupfuura, kubatwa, kana kutorwa kwedhayi muhurongwa hwayedzwa; kubatwa kunogona kusanganisira kunamatira pamusoro. |
| Masensa anoshandisa magetsi nemakemikari | Electrolyte kana sampuli ine kuumbwa kwakasimbiswa kuti kwakakodzera | Chiratidziro cheredox | Mhinduro yemagetsi inoenderana nechinangwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwesensa hwekuchiziva nekuenzanisa nemiyero inozivikanwa. |
| Kuyedza kupinda kwedhayi mupakeji | Mapakeji akavharwa akazadzwa kana akagadzirwa kuti atevedzere mamiriro chaiwo zvakakodzera | Chironda nzira chinoonekwa chiri kunze kwepakeji | Kupinda kunoonekwa mumamiriro ekuyedza; hakusi kuyera zvakananga kusavapo kweutachiona. |
| Titration ine chiratidziro chakasanganiswa cheTashiro | Solusheni iri kuitwa titration yeasidhi nebhesi yakatarwa | Chikamu chechiratidziro chakasanganiswa | Ruvara rwepanoperera titration runoenderana nemusanganiswa wacho; hakusi kushanduka kweredox kwemethylene blue yoga. |
Chinhu chinoshandiswa mukuita kwemakemikari nechinogadzirwa nekuita ikoko zvinoda kuenzaniswa nemiyero yakasiyana
Mukuyedza kweMBAS, methylene blue inoita nezvinhu zvinoshanda pamusoro zvine chaji isina kunaka, ichigadzira zvinhu zvinobudiswa zvichipinda muchloroform. Pfupiso yeNzira 425.1 yeEPA muNEMI inotsanangura kuyerwa kweruvara rwezvinhu izvozvo zvabudiswa. Mugumisiro wekuongorora une chokuita nezvinhu zvinopindura muitiro uyu, kwete rondedzero yakakwana yezvinhu zvose zvekugezesa zviri mumvura.
Nzira yesulfide inoshandura basa redhayi. MuNzira 376.2 yeEPA, sulfide inoita nedimethyl-p-phenylenediamine paine ferric chloride kuti igadzire methylene blue. Nzira iyi inobatanidza sampuli dzemvura nemarara dzine kuumbwa kwakatarwa, uye haibatanidzi masulfide asinganyunguduki muasidhi. Inoyambirawo kuti kupinza mhepo kunogona kubvisa sulfide kana kuunza oksijeni inoishandura kuita chimiro chisingakwanisi kuyerwa.
Musiyano uyu unokanganisa kuenzanisa nemiyero inozivikanwa. Zviyero zvinofanira kumiririra chinhu chiri kuongororwa uye kupfuura mukuita kwemakemikari kwakakodzera. Bhodhoro resolusheni yebhuruu haringobvi rangova chinotsiva chakakodzera chiyero chesulfide kana chesurfactant. Mabatiro esampuli anewo chokuita nekuyera: mudziyo unoyera nemazvo haugoni kudzosa chinhu chakarasika kuongorora kusati kwaitwa.
Miedzo yezvinhu inoyera maitiro mumamiriro akasarudzwa
Kuyedza kunamatira pamusoro pechinhu kunowanzotanga nekonsentresheni yedhayi inozivikanwa uye uwandu hwechinhu chakasimba hunozivikanwa. Mushure mekusangana, rabhoritari inoparadzanisa chinhu chakasimba yoyera dhayi rasara mumvura. Musiyano wekonsentresheni, vhoriyamu yesolusheni, uye uremu hwechinhu chakasimba zvinopa chiyero chinofungidzirwa chedhayi ratorwa pauremu hwakatarwa, kana kuverengwa kwehuwandu hwose hwechinhu kwakakodzera.
Ongororo yakaenzanisa kunamatira kwemethylene blue pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzekhabhoni yakawana kuti kubviswa kwacho kwaienderana nekonsentresheni yekutanga, saizi yezvimedu, nguva yekusangana, uwandu hwechinhu chinobata dhayi pamusoro pacho, uye pH. Kuenderana nemamiriro iwayo kunotsanangura kuti nei chikamu chikuru chekubviswa chisina kukwana kuronga zvinhu maererano nekushanda kwazvo. Kungava kuti kumwe kuedza kwakangoshandisa khabhoni yakawanda zvikuru. Shandisa gwaro rekuenzanisa kukwanisa kubata dhayi nekukurumidza kwemaitiro acho kuti uone kana ongororo dzakayedza mamiriro anogona kuenzaniswa.
Kuyedza zvinhu zvakapwanyika kunoshandisa kunamatira pamusoro nokuda kwechimwe chinangwa. ASTM C1777-20, iyo ASTM inoti ichiri kushandiswa, inoshuma dhayi ratorwa pagiramu rezvinhu zvakapwanyika zvakatsetseka kana zvinhu zvemaminerari zvekuzadza. Chiyero ichi chinoratidza uwandu nehunhu hwemaminerari evhu revhu ari musampuli.
Chiyero ichi chinoyambira pachena kuti migumisiro yeC1777, AASHTO T 330, neEN 933-9 inogona kusiyana zvikuru kunyange mayuniti acho akafanana. Pakati pezvikonzero pane kusiyana kwezvikamu zvemasampuli zvakasarudzwa maererano nesaizi yezvimedu. Muganhu wenhamba wakatorwa mune imwe nzira haugoni kungoiswa mune imwe.
Tsvakurudzo yezvakatipoteredza inoda zvinopfuura kungopera kweruvara rwebhuruu
Methylene blue inobatsira sechinhu chemuenzaniso nokuti chiratidzo chayo chinoonekwa nechiedza chiri nyore kutevera. Zvisinei, maitiro akati wandei anogona kuderedza chiratidzo ichocho. Dhayi rinogona kuenda pamusoro pechinhu chakasimba, kushanduka kuita chimwe chimiro chemakemikari, kana kuputsika zvakanyanya.
Ongororo yepakutanga yenzira yekuputsika kunokurumidzirwa nechiedza nekatarisiti yakaongorora methylene blue mumisanganiswa ine zvimedu zvetitanium dioxide zvakarembera mumvura pasi pechiedza cheultraviolet. Vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora zvinhu zvinogadzirwa pakati pemaitiro acho uye kushandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisiri zveorganic, pamwe chete nekubviswa kweruvara. Kuyera zvinhu zvakawanda kudaro kwakakosha: kutsakatika kweruvara runoonekwa uye kushandurwa kwekhabhoni yeorganic kuita zvinhu zvisiri zveorganic migumisiro yakasiyana.
Somuenzaniso, kana musanganiswa une katarisiti yakarembera mumvura ukachenuruka, tanga wabvunza kana dhayi raungana pamusoro pekatarisiti. Muedzo wekudzora unosanganisa zvinhu murima unobatsira kuongorora kunamatira pamusoro; kuvhenekera pasina katarisiti kunobatsira kuongorora shanduko dzinokonzerwa nechiedza chete. Uchapupu hwekushandurwa kuita zvinhu zvisiri zveorganic hunoda kuyerwa kwekhabhoni kwakakodzera uye kuverengwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakatorwa masampuli. Iyi mibvunzo yekuronga kuedza, kwete mhedziso dzinogona kuwanikwa pamufananidzo.
Kushanda musolusheni yedhayi yakagadzirwa hakuratidziwo kushanda mumvura yetsvina yeindasitiri ine munyu, zvimedu zvakarembera, uye zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinokwikwidzana. Gwaro rezvinoitika mumethylene blue mune zvakatipoteredza uye uchapupu hwemvura yetsvina rinopatsanura miedzo yemuenzaniso nemibvunzo yekusangana nezvinhu mune zvakatipoteredza. Mashandisirwo ekudhaya machira nemapepa anopa mamiriro eindasitiri ane chokuita nazvo.
Mamwe mashandisirwo anoenderana nehurongwa hwose hwekuyedza
Musensa yeaptamer inoshandisa magetsi nemakemikari, morekuru rinoziva chinangwa rinosungirira pachiri, nepo methylene blue yakabatanidzwa sechiratidziro ichibatsira kushandura kusangana ikoko kuva chiratidzo chemagetsi. Ongororo ya2026 yemaitiro esensa muplasma yakaratidza kuti mapuroteni nezvimwe zviri musampuli zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro kana zvichienzaniswa nesolusheni inochengetedza pH. Nyaya inokosha pakushandisa ndeyekusimbisa kushanda mukuumbwa kwesampuli: kuenzanisa nemiyero inozivikanwa musolusheni iri nyore hakuvimbisi kuyerwa kwakavimbika musampuli ine zvinhu zvakawanda.
Pamapakeji, kuyedza kupinda kwedhayi kunobvunza kana chironda nzira chinoonekwa chichipinda nepakabooka panguva yekuyedza kwakatarwa. Nhungamiro yeFDA yekuyedza kusavhurika kwemudziyo nechivharo chawo inobatanidza nzira dzekupinda kwedhayi dzakasimbiswa zvakakodzera pakati pemiedzo inogona kushandiswa yekusavhurika. Inosiyanisawo mashandisirwo adzo muzvirongwa zvekuongorora kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa nekuyedza kusavapo kweutachiona chigadzirwa chisati chabvumirwa kuburitswa. Mugumisiro usina kuratidza kupinda kwedhayi unoreva kuti muedzo iwoyo hauna kuona kupinda, kwete kuti nzira dzose dzinogona kuunza kusvibiswa dzabviswa.
Patitration, tsananguro yechiratidziro cheTashiro yeITW Reagents inotaura musanganiswa wemethyl red nemethylene blue wekuita titration yeammonia. Kushanduka kweruvara kwakanyorwa kunoenderana nemusanganiswa iwoyo. Kushandisa methylene blue yoga panzvimbo yawo kunochinja hurongwa hwechiratidziro.
Tsanangura mugumisiro usati wagadzira dhayi
Nyora kuumbwa kwesampuli, hunhu hwaunoda kuyera, mayuniti, nzira yakakodzera, uye chisarudzo chichatsigirwa nemugumisiro. Wobva wasarudza musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukuita kwemakemikari, kuenzanisa nemiyero inozivikanwa, miedzo yekudzora, uye mamiriro ekubata sampuli anochengetedza kuyerwa ikoko.
Pakushanda nechiedza, shandisa gwaro rekugadzira girafu rekuenzanisa methylene blue nemiyero inozivikanwa kuti uongorore masampuli asina chinhu chiri kuyerwa, muganhu wekonsentresheni, uye kuenderana kwemugumisiro nekonsentresheni mumutsetse wakatwasuka. Mushumo unobatsira unotaura zvakachinja, kuti zvakayerwa sei, uye kududzirwa kunotsigirwa nekuedza. Zita redhayi harigoni kupa mashoko iwayo.