Maƙala
Menene methylene blue? Amfani, tarihi, da muhimman bambance-bambance
Methylene blue rini ne mai launin shuɗi da ake ƙerawa ta hanyar sinadarai, wanda kuma yake aiki a matsayin sinadarin oksidashan-ridakshan. Ana amfani da shi a wasu magunguna, wajen rina samfuran halittu, a hanyoyin nazarin sinadarai, da kuma samfuran kula da tankunan kifaye. Masu bincike suna kuma nazarin tasirinsa ga ƙwaƙwalwa da sauran tsarin halittu. Waɗannan amfani suna da sunan sinadari ɗaya, amma ba su da tsari na haɗawa, manufa, ko ma'aunin shaida iri ɗaya.
Saboda haka, tambayar farko mafi amfani ita ce: me ake amfani da methylene blue wajen yi? Rinin da ake amfani da shi wajen dubawa da madubin ƙara girma yana taimaka wa mutum ya ga samfurin da ake dubawa. Magani yana jinya ko taimakawa wajen gano wata takamaiman matsala. Gwajin bincike yana gwada hasashen kimiyya. Fahimtar yanayin amfani da kake karantawa yana hana kuskure da dama da ake yawan yi.
Abin da sunan yake bayyana
Ana kuma kiran methylene blue methylthioninium chloride. Bayanan IARC na gano sinadarin sun sanya shi cikin dangin rinayen phenothiazinium, kuma sun rubuta tsarin sinadarinsa marar ruwa a matsayin C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S. “Marar ruwa” yana nufin babu ruwa da ya shiga cikin tsarin daskararren sinadarin. Sinadarin da ake sayarwa zai iya ƙunsar ruwan da ke cikin tsarin lu'ulu'unsa, don haka sanin ainihin nau'insa yana da muhimmanci wajen fassara takardar shaida ko lissafin adadi.
Busasshen sinadarin ba dole ne ya kasance shuɗi mai haske ba: yana iya bayyana a matsayin kore mai duhu da sheƙi irin na tagulla, yayin da idan aka narkar da shi cikin ruwa yake zama shuɗi mai zurfi. Kallo kaɗai ba ya tabbatar da ainihin sinadarin, yawan sinadarin da ke cikin maganin ruwa, ko tsarkinsa. Hoton kwalba mai shuɗi ba zai iya amsa waɗannan tambayoyin ba.
Wasu kalmomin da ake amfani da su a intanet suna bayyana abubuwa daban-daban:
| Kalma | Shin tana bayyana methylene blue? | Abin da bambancin yake nufi |
|---|---|---|
| Rini | I | Wannan yana bayyana ikonsa na ba da launi da amfaninsa wajen rina samfurori. Ba ya kore yiwuwar samun tasiri irin na magani. |
| Magani | A amfani na jinya | Takamaiman samfur yana da tsarin haɗawa, hanyar shigarwa cikin jiki, dalilin amfani, da yanayin ƙa'idojin hukumomi da suka shafe shi. Sunan sinadarin kaɗai ba ya tabbatar da waɗannan bayanai. |
| Bitamin | A'a | Ba ya cikin bitamin masu muhimmanci da NIH ya bayyana. |
| Peptid | A'a | Ba jerin amino acid ba ne da aka haɗa da irin haɗin da ke bayyana peptid. |
| Siteroid | A'a | Ba shi da tsarin musamman da aka bayyana a ƙa'idojin IUPAC na sanya wa siteroid suna. |
Kiran sa “peptid na methylene blue” ko “bitamin na methylene blue” ba ya samar da sabon rukunin sinadarai. Idan an haɗa shi cikin cakuda tare da peptid ko bitamin, kowane sinadari yana riƙe da ainihin matsayinsa. Kimiyyar sinadarin methylene blue tana bayyana tsarin da kalmomin da ake amfani da su dalla-dalla.
Yadda rini ya zama magani
An ƙera methylene blue ta hanyar sinadarai a 1876 domin rina yadi. Masana kimiyya, ciki har da Robert Koch da Paul Ehrlich, sun gane amfaninsa wajen dubawa da madubin ƙara girma. Zuwa 1891, Guttmann da Ehrlich sun bayar da rahoton amfani da shi wajen yaƙar zazzabin cizon sauro, kamar yadda aka bayyana a bayanin IARC na amfaninsa na farko.
Wannan tarihin yana haɗa tambayoyi biyu: ina sinadari yake zuwa, kuma me yake yi idan ya isa wurin? Rina wasu sassa na musamman ya sa aka fi iya bambance tsarin halittu. Binciken tasirin sinadarin ga halittu ya buɗe wata hanyar aiki ta daban. Rahoton jinya na tarihi ko daɗewar sanin wani rini ba sa tabbatar da cewa wata da'awar inganta lafiya ta zamani gaskiya ce. Tarihin methylene blue yana bin wannan ci gaba dalla-dalla.
Taswirar amfani da za ta taimaka wajen amsa tambayarka
Taswirar tana rarraba amfani bisa tambayar da mai karatu yake buƙatar amsarta. Zanen yana wakiltar amfani, ba abubuwan da aka lura da su a gwaji ba. Bi hanyar da ta dace a ƙasa.
| Hanyar taswira | Fara da wannan tambayar | Abin karantawa na gaba |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Marasa lafiya da masu kula da su | Wace matsala da wane samfurin magani ake magana a kai? | Amfanin methylene blue a magani |
| 2. Ɗalibai da masu karatu kan dakin gwaje-gwaje | Wane samfurin dubawa da wace hanyar rina shi ake amfani da su? | Methylene blue wajen rina samfurori a dakin gwaje-gwaje |
| 3. Masu kiwon kifaye | Wane nau'in kifi, wace matsala, da wane tsarin jinya ake magana a kai? | Methylene blue ga kifayen tanki |
| 4. Masu nazari | Me ake aunawa, kuma waɗanne matakan sarrafa gwaji suke tabbatar da sakamakon? | Gwaje-gwajen nazari da binciken muhalli |
| 5. Masu karatu da ke tantance da'awoyin lafiya | Me binciken kan mutane ya gwada a zahiri? | Shaidar fa'idodin methylene blue da aka gabatar |
Me ake amfani da methylene blue wajen yi a magani?
Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin da aka tabbatar shi ne jinyar methemoglobinemia da aka samu daga baya. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare na ƙarfen hemoglobin yana fuskantar oksidashan har ya koma nau'in da ba ya iya ɗaure oxygen yadda ya kamata. Methylene blue yana shiga hanyar ridakshan da ke taimakawa dawo da hemoglobin mai aiki. Wannan takamaiman matsalar sinadarai ce, ba wata da'awa ta gaba ɗaya game da ƙara oxygen ko kuzari ba.
Bayanan rubuta maganin ProvayBlue a Amurka sun bayyana maganin da ake shigarwa ta jijiya domin methemoglobinemia da aka samu daga baya a manya da yara. Haka kuma suna ɗauke da gargaɗi cikin akwatin rubutu game da ciwon serotonin mai tsanani ko mai haddasa mutuwa idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da magungunan da ke shafar serotonin da opioids, kuma sun hana amfani da shi ga masu ƙarancin G6PD saboda haɗarin ƙarancin jini sakamakon rushewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Mutumin da yake tunanin amfani da shi a jikin ɗan Adam yana buƙatar ma'aikacin jinya ko masanin harhaɗa magunguna ya tantance ainihin samfurin, jerin magungunan da yake sha, da matsalolin lafiya da suka dace. Bayani na gaba ɗaya kan amincin methylene blue yana bayyana waɗannan bambance-bambance.
Wani amfani na daban yana amfani da sauƙin ganin rinin. Hukumar Magunguna ta Turai tana bayyana Lumeblue a matsayin maganin taimakawa gano matsala wanda ke inganta ganin wuraren da suka samu canji ko lahani a babban hanji da dubura yayin duban hanji da kyamara. An tsara ƙwayoyinsa su saki rinin a babban hanji. Wannan ba tsarin haɗa maganin kawar da guba da ake shigarwa ta jijiya ba ne, kuma ba shaida ba ce cewa maganin ruwa na yau da kullum da ake sha ta baki yana samar da sakamakon gano matsala iri ɗaya.
Amfani a dakin gwaje-gwaje da tankunan kifaye yana amsa tambayoyi daban-daban
A dakunan gwaje-gwaje, methylene blue na iya sa sassan samfuran halittu su fi bambanta da juna a gani, kuma yana shiga hanyoyin nazarin sinadarai. Bayanin IARC na gaba ɗaya kan amfani ya haɗa da rina samfuran halittu, alamomin redox, da auna sinadaran rage tashin saman ruwa masu cajin anion. Waɗannan hanyoyi ne da suke da takamaiman shirye-shirye da ƙa'idojin fassara sakamako. Alamar shuɗi tana nufin abin da wannan hanyar ta tabbatar tana nufi kawai.
Ga tankunan kifaye, bayanan samfurin Kordon suna bayyana amfani da ya shafi ƙwai na kifaye da cututtukan naman gwari a saman jiki. Suna kuma yin gargaɗi game da yin katsalandan ga tace ruwa ta hanyar halittu, kuma suna bayyana cewa ba a yi samfurin domin mutane su sha ba. Ba za a iya ɗaukar umarnin kula da kifaye a yi amfani da shi ga mutum ba, kuma dalilin amfani da magani ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa wani maganin tankin kifaye ya dace da kowane kifi marar lafiya ba.
Abin da bincike yake tabbatarwa, da abin da ba ya tabbatarwa
Wani bincike na 2016 da Rodriguez da abokan aikinsa suka yi ta hanyar raba mahalarta zuwa rukunoni ba-zata ya ɗauki manya 26 masu lafiya, ya kuma kwatanta methylene blue da ake sha ta baki da placebo, wato samfurin da ba shi da sinadarin maganin, a yanayin da mahalarta da masu gudanar da gwajin ba su san wanda aka ba kowane samfur ba. Mahalarta sun yi ayyukan gwada mayar da hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan lokaci yayin hoton MRI mai nuna aikin ƙwaƙwalwa kafin karɓar maganin da kuma awa ɗaya bayan haka. Masu binciken sun bayar da rahoton sauye-sauye a aikin ƙwaƙwalwa da ya shafi ayyukan gwajin da kuma ingantuwar tuna bayanai a cikin rukunin methylene blue, amma kwatanta sauye-sauyen halayen mahalarta da na rukunin placebo bai nuna bambanci mai muhimmanci a kididdiga ba (P = .09).
Binciken yana da muhimmanci domin ya gwada mutane maimakon ƙwayoyin halitta ko dabbobi kaɗai. Iyakokinsa suna da muhimmanci daidai haka: ƙaramin gwaji na ɗan lokaci ba ya tabbatar da ingantuwar tunani mai ɗorewa, rigakafin lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa, ko amincin amfani na yau da kullum. Aikin ƙwaƙwalwa da ake gani a hoton bincike shi ma ma'aunin sakamako ne daban da yin aiki mafi kyau ko ci gaba da iya dogaro da kai yayin tsufa. Jagorar fahimtar binciken methylene blue tana bayyana yadda za a kwatanta waɗannan ma'aunan sakamako.
Idan wata da'awa ta ambaci “methylene blue,” nemi ƙarin bayanai masu zuwa: samfuri, hanyar shigarwa cikin jiki, rukunin mutane, manufa, da sakamakon da aka auna. Waɗannan bayanai ne suke tabbatar da ko maganganu biyu suna nufin amfani iri ɗaya. Idan babu su, jerin amfani zai iya sa ra'ayin da ake gwadawa ya yi kama da amfanin magani da aka riga aka tabbatar.