Isihloko
Iyini i-methylene blue? Ukusetshenziswa, umlando, nomehluko obalulekile
I-methylene blue ingudayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka owenziwe ngokwenziwa, ophinde usebenze njengento ebamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-oxidation nokwe-reduction. Isetshenziswa emithini ethile, ekungcoliseni amasampula ezinto eziphilayo ukuze abonakale, ezindleleni zokuhlaziya, nasemikhiqizweni yama-akwariyamu. Abacwaningi baphinde bafunde ngemiphumela yayo ebuchosheni nakwezinye izinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kunegama lekhemikhali elifanayo, kodwa akunakho ukwakheka komkhiqizo, inhloso, noma izinga lobufakazi elifanayo.
Ngakho umbuzo wokuqala owusizo kakhulu uthi: i-methylene blue isetshenziselwa ini? Udayi wesibonakhulu usiza umuntu abone isampula. Umuthi welapha noma usize ekuxilongeni isimo esichaziwe. Ukungenelela ocwaningweni kuhlola umbono ocatshangelwayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ufunda ngamuphi umkhakha kuvimbela amaphutha amaningana avamile.
Lokho igama elikukhombayo
I-methylene blue ibizwa nangokuthi methylthioninium chloride. Irekhodi le-IARC lobunikazi bekhemikhali liyibeka emndenini wodayi be-phenothiazinium futhi libala ifomula yayo engenamanzi njenge-C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S. Elithi “engenamanzi” lisho ukuthi awekho amanzi afakwe esakhiweni sayo esiqinile. Izinto ezithengiswayo zingaba namanzi ahlanganiswe esakhiweni sazo, ngakho uhlobo oluqondile lubalulekile lapho kuchazwa isitifiketi noma kubalwa amanani.
Into eyomile akudingeki ibukeke iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile: ingabonakala iluhlaza okotshani ngokumnyama futhi icwebezela njengobhedu, kuyilapho isixazululo sayo samanzi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokujulile. Ukubukeka kukodwa akuqinisekisi ubunikazi, ukugxila, noma ukuhlanzeka. Isithombe sebhodlela eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asikwazi ukuphendula leyo mibuzo.
Amalebula amaningana asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi achaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto:
| Ilebula | Ingabe lichaza i-methylene blue? | Okushiwo yilo mehluko |
|---|---|---|
| Udayi | Yebo | Lokhu kuchaza ikhono layo lokunikeza umbala nokusetshenziswa kwayo ekungcoliseni amasampula. Akusho ukuthi ayinawo umsebenzi wokwelapha. |
| Umuthi | Lapho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha | Umkhiqizo othile unokwakheka, indlela yokuwusebenzisa, isimo ovunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa sona, nomongo wokulawulwa kwawo. Igama lekhemikhali lodwa aliqinisekisi leyo mininingwane. |
| Ivithamini | Cha | Ayiyona enye yamavithamini abalulekile ahlonzwe yi-NIH. |
| I-peptide | Cha | Ayilona iketanga lama-amino acid axhunywe ngezibopho ezichaza ama-peptide. |
| I-steroid | Cha | Ayinaso isakhiwo esiyisici esichazwe ekuqanjweni kwama-steroid kwe-IUPAC. |
Ukuyibiza ngokuthi “i-peptide ye-methylene blue” noma “ivithamini ye-methylene blue” akudali isigaba esisha sekhemikhali. Uma ifakwe engxubeni kanye nama-peptide noma amavithamini, isithako ngasinye sigcina ubunikazi baso. Ikhemistri ye-methylene blue ichaza isakhiwo namagama asetshenziswayo ngokuningiliziwe.
Indlela udayi owaba ngayo umuthi
I-methylene blue yenziwa ngokwenziwa ngo-1876 ukuze kudaywe izindwangu. Ososayensi, okuhlanganisa uRobert Koch noPaul Ehrlich, bakubona ukubaluleka kwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezibonakhulu. Ngo-1891, uGuttmann no-Ehrlich base bebike ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukulwa nomalaleveva, njengoba kuchazwe ekulandiseni kwe-IARC ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
Lowo mlando uxhumanisa imibuzo emibili: into iya kuphi, futhi yenzani lapho ifika khona? Ukungcolisa izingxenye ezithile kuphela kwenza kwaba lula ukuhlukanisa izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuphenya imiphumela yayo ezintweni eziphilayo kwavula omunye umkhakha womsebenzi. Umbiko wokwelapha wakudala noma ukujwayelana nodayi isikhathi eside akuqinisekisi ukuthi isimangalo sesimanje senhlalakahle siyiqiniso. Umlando we-methylene blue ulandela lokhu kuthuthuka ngokuningiliziwe.
Imephu yokusetshenziswa ehambisana nombuzo wakho
Imephu ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngokombuzo umfundi adinga ukuphendulelwa wona. Imifanekiso yayo imelela ukusetshenziswa, hhayi okubonwe ekuhlolweni. Landela indlela ehambisanayo ngezansi.
| Indlela esemephini | Qala ngalo mbuzo | Funda okulandelayo |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Iziguli nabanakekeli | Yisiphi isimo nomkhiqizo wokwelapha okukhulunywa ngakho? | Ukusetshenziswa kwe-methylene blue kwezokwelapha |
| 2. Abafundi nabafunda ngamalabhorethri | Yiliphi isampula nendlela yokulingcolisa ngodayi okukhulunywa ngakho? | I-methylene blue ekungcoliseni amasampula elabhorethri |
| 3. Abagcina izinhlanzi | Yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, inkinga, nohlelo lokwelapha okukhulunywa ngakho? | I-methylene blue yezinhlanzi zama-akwariyamu |
| 4. Abahlaziyi | Yini elinganiswayo, futhi yiziphi izilawuli zokuqhathanisa eziqinisekisa umphumela? | Ukuhlolwa kokuhlaziya nocwaningo lwezemvelo |
| 5. Abafundi abahlola izimangalo zempilo | Yini ngempela ucwaningo kubantu olwayihlola? | Ubufakazi bezinzuzo ezihlongozwayo ze-methylene blue |
I-methylene blue isetshenziselwa ini kwezokwelapha?
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuqinisekisiwe ukwelapha i-methemoglobinemia etholakala ngemva kokuzalwa. Kulesi simo, enye i-ayoni eku-hemoglobin ishintshwa yi-oxidation ibe uhlobo olungakwazi ukubopha umoya-mpilo ngendlela evamile. I-methylene blue ibamba iqhaza endleleni ye-reduction esiza ukubuyisela i-hemoglobin esebenzayo. Lena inkinga ethile yekhemikhali, hhayi isimangalo esijwayelekile sokwandisa umoya-mpilo noma amandla.
Ulwazi lwase-US lokunquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-ProvayBlue luyichaza njengomuthi ofakwa emthanjeni wokwelapha i-methemoglobinemia etholakala ngemva kokuzalwa kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Luphinde lube nesixwayiso esibekwe ebhokisini ngesimo se-serotonin esibucayi noma esibulalayo uma ihlanganiswa nemithi ethinta i-serotonin nama-opioid, futhi luthi akufanele isetshenziswe lapho kukhona ukushoda kwe-G6PD ngenxa yengozi ye-anemia ebangelwa ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Umuntu ocabanga ukuyisebenzisa kubantu udinga uchwepheshe wezokwelapha noma usokhemisi ukuze ahlole umkhiqizo uqobo, uhlu lwemithi, nezimo ezifanele. Ukubuka kabanzi ukuphepha kwe-methylene blue kuchaza lo mehluko.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kusebenzisa ukubonakala kukadayi. I-European Medicines Agency ichaza i-Lumeblue njengomuthi wokuxilonga owenza izilonda zekholoni nengxenye yokugcina yamathumbu zibonakale kangcono ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy. Amaphilisi ayo aklanyelwe ukukhipha udayi ekholoni. Lokhu akukhona ukwakheka komuthi ophikisa ubuthi ofakwa emthanjeni, futhi akubona ubufakazi bokuthi isixazululo esivamile esiphuzwa ngomlomo sinikeza umphumela ofanayo wokuxilonga.
Ukusetshenziswa emalabhorethri nakuma-akwariyamu kuphendula imibuzo ehlukene
Emalabhorethri, i-methylene blue ingenza izingxenye zamasampula ezinto eziphilayo zigqame futhi ibambe iqhaza ezinqubweni zokuhlaziya. Ukubuka kabanzi kwe-IARC ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlanganisa ukungcoliswa kwamasampula ezinto eziphilayo, izinkomba ze-redox, nokulinganiswa kwezinto ezinciphisa ukushuba kobuso boketshezi ezinechaji engalungile. Lezi yizindlela ezinamalungiselelo acacisiwe nemithetho yokuchaza imiphumela. Isignali eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isho kuphela lokho leyo ndlela eqinisekise ukuthi ikusho.
Kuma-akwariyamu, ilebula yomkhiqizo kaKordon ichaza ukusetshenziswa okuhilela amaqanda ezinhlanzi nokutheleleka kwesikhunta okungaphezulu komzimba. Iphinde ixwayise ngokuphazamiseka kokuhlunga okusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo futhi ithi umkhiqizo awuhloselwe ukuphuzwa ngabantu. Imiyalelo yokunakekela izinhlanzi ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kumuntu, futhi isimo umuthi ovunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa sona asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-akwariyamu kulungele zonke izinhlanzi ezigulayo.
Lokho ucwaningo olukuqinisekisayo nalokho olungakuqinisekisi
Ucwaningo luka-2016 lukaRodriguez nozakwabo olwabela ababambiqhaza emaqenjini ngokungahleliwe lwabandakanya abantu abadala abangu-26 abaphilile futhi lwaqhathanisa i-methylene blue ephuzwa ngomlomo ne-placebo ngaphansi kwezimo lapho ababambiqhaza nabahloli babengazi ukuthi ubani othole yiphi. Ababambiqhaza baqedela imisebenzi yokunaka neyenkumbulo yesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuthwetshulwa nge-MRI yokusebenza kobuchopho ngaphambi kokwelashwa kanye nehora elilodwa ngemva kwalokho. Abaphenyi babika izinguquko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho okuhlobene nemisebenzi kanye nokuthuthuka kokukhumbula eqenjini le-methylene blue, kodwa ukuqhathaniswa kwezinguquko ekwenzeni imisebenzi nalezo zeqembu le-placebo kwakungabalulekile ngokwezibalo (P = .09).
Ucwaningo lufanele ukunakwa ngoba lwahlola abantu kunokuba luhlole amaseli noma izilwane kuphela. Imikhawulo yalo ibaluleke ngokufanayo: ukuhlolwa okuncane kwesikhathi esifushane akuqinisekisi ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamakhono okuqonda, ukuvimbela ukuwohloka komqondo, noma ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ukusebenza okubonakala ezithombeni zobuchopho nakho kuyisilinganiso somphumela esihlukile ekusebenzeni kangcono emsebenzini noma ekuqhubekeni nokuzimela lapho umuntu ekhula ngeminyaka. Umhlahlandlela wocwaningo lwe-methylene blue uchaza indlela yokuqhathanisa lezi zilinganiso zemiphumela.
Uma isimangalo sikhuluma nge-“methylene blue,” funa ungqimba olulandelayo lwemininingwane: umkhiqizo, indlela yokuwusebenzisa, iqembu labantu, inhloso, nomphumela olinganisiwe. Leyo mininingwane inquma ukuthi izitatimende ezimbili zikhuluma ngokungenelela okufanayo yini. Ngaphandle kwayo, uhlu lokusetshenziswa lungenza kalula umbono osahlolwayo ubonakale ulingana nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha osekuqinisekisiwe.