Inqaku
Yintoni i-methylene blue? Ukusetyenziswa, imbali, nomahluko obalulekileyo
I-methylene blue yidayi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyenziweyo ekwasebenza njengesixhobo sokwenza ukusabela kwe-oxidation-reduction. Isetyenziswa kumayeza athile, ekudayeni iisampulu zebhayoloji, kwiindlela zohlalutyo, nakwiimveliso zeetanki zeentlanzi. Abaphandi bakwaphanda neziphumo zayo engqondweni nakwezinye iinkqubo zebhayoloji. Ezi ndlela zokusetyenziswa zabelana ngegama lekhemikhali, kodwa azabelani ngohlobo olunye lokulungiswa, injongo enye, okanye umgangatho omnye wobungqina.
Ngoko ke, owona mbuzo uluncedo ukuqala ngawo ngulo: i-methylene blue isetyenziselwa ntoni? Idayi yemikroskopu inceda umntu abone isampulu. Iyeza linyanga okanye linceda ekuxilongeni imeko echaziweyo. Ungenelelo lophando luvavanya ingqikelelo. Ukuqonda ukuba ufunda ngowuphi umxholo kuthintela iimpazamo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo.
Into echongwa leli gama
I-methylene blue ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-methylthioninium chloride. Ingxelo ye-IARC echaza le khemikhali iyibeka kusapho lweedayi ze-phenothiazinium kwaye idwelisa ifomula yayo engenamanzi njenge-C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S. Igama elithi “anhydrous” lithetha ukuba akukho manzi afakwe kuhlobo lwayo oluqinileyo. Imathiriyeli ethengiswayo inokuba namanzi akwisakhiwo seekristale, ngoko uhlobo oluchanekileyo lubalulekile xa kutolikwa isatifikethi okanye kubalwa izixa.
Imathiriyeli eyomileyo ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqaqambileyo: inokubonakala iluhlaza mnyama inobukhazikhazi obufana nobhedu, ngoxa isisombululo sayo samanzi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onzulu. Inkangeleko yodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuba yintoni, ingxinano yayo, okanye ubunyulu bayo. Ifoto yebhotile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayinakuphendula loo mibuzo.
Amagama aliqela asetyenziswa kwi-intanethi achaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto:
| Igama | Ngaba lichaza i-methylene blue? | Intsingiselo yalo mahluko |
|---|---|---|
| Idayi | Ewe | Oku kuchaza amandla ayo okufaka umbala nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekudayeni. Akukhuphi ukuba inokusebenza njengeyeza. |
| Iyeza | Xa isetyenziswa kwezonyango | Imveliso ethile inendlela elungiswe ngayo, indlela yokuyinika, imeko eyenzelwe yona, kunye nomxholo wolawulo. Igama lekhemikhali lodwa aliziqinisekisi ezo nkcukacha. |
| Ivithamini | Hayi | Ayisiyiyo enye yeevithamini ezibalulekileyo ezichongwe yi-NIH. |
| Ipeptide | Hayi | Ayilotsheyini yee-amino acid ezidityaniswe ngamaqhina achaza iipeptide. |
| Isteroid | Hayi | Ayinaso isakhiwo esibonakalisa iisteroid esichazwe kwindlela ye-IUPAC yokunika iisteroid amagama. |
Ukuyibiza ngokuba yi-“peptide ye-methylene blue” okanye “ivithamini ye-methylene blue” akudali udidi olutsha lweekhemikhali. Ukuba iqukiwe kumxube kunye neepeptide okanye iivithamini, isithako ngasinye sigcina ubunjalo baso. Ikhemistri ye-methylene blue icacisa isakhiwo namagama asetyenziswayo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
Indlela idayi eyaba liyeza ngayo
I-methylene blue yenziwa ngo-1876 ukuze kudaywe amalaphu. Izazinzulu eziquka uRobert Koch noPaul Ehrlich zakuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo ekujongeni izinto ngemikroskopu. Ngo-1891, uGuttmann noEhrlich babesele benike ingxelo yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuchasene nemalariya, njengoko kuchaziwe kwingxelo ye-IARC yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
Loo mbali idibanisa imibuzo emibini: ingaba into iya phi, yaye yenza ntoni xa ifika apho? Ukudaya ngokukhetha iindawo ezithile kwenza ukuba kube lula ukwahlula izakhiwo zebhayoloji. Ukuphanda iziphumo zebhayoloji kwavula olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi. Ingxelo yonyango yembali okanye ukuqhelana nedayi ixesha elide akuqinisekisi ukuba ibango lanamhlanje lentlalontle liyinyani. Imbali ye-methylene blue ilandela olu phuhliso ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
Imephu yokusetyenziswa ehambelana nombuzo wakho
Imephu yahlula ukusetyenziswa ngokombuzo umfundi afuna ukuphendulwa kuwo. Imifanekiso yayo imele iindlela zokusetyenziswa, hayi izinto eziqatshelwe kuvavanyo. Landela indlela ehambelana nombuzo wakho apha ngezantsi.
| Indlela kwimephu | Qala ngalo mbuzo | Funda okulandelayo |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Izigulana nabakhathaleli | Yeyiphi imeko nemveliso yonyango ekuthethwa ngayo? | Ukusetyenziswa kwe-methylene blue kwezonyango |
| 2. Abafundi nabo bafunda ngeelabhoratri | Yeyiphi isampulu nendlela yokudaya ekuthethwa ngayo? | I-methylene blue ekudayeni kwiilabhoratri |
| 3. Abagcini beentlanzi | Luluphi uhlobo lwentlanzi, ingxaki, nolungiselelo lonyango ekuthethwa ngalo? | I-methylene blue yeentlanzi ezikwiitanki |
| 4. Abahlalutyi | Yintoni elinganiswayo, yaye zeziphi izilawuli eziqinisekisa isiphumo? | Uvavanyo lohlalutyo nophando lokusingqongileyo |
| 5. Abafundi abavavanya amabango ezempilo | Yintoni eyavavanywa ngokwenene kuphando lwabantu? | Ubungqina beenzuzo ezicetywayo ze-methylene blue |
I-methylene blue isetyenziselwa ntoni kwezonyango?
Enye indlela yokusetyenziswa esele yamkelwe kukunyanga i-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo. Kule meko, enye iayini ekwihemoglobin iba kwimeko ye-oxidation engenakubopha ioksijini ngendlela eqhelekileyo. I-methylene blue ithatha inxaxheba kwindlela ye-reduction enceda ukubuyisela ihemoglobin esebenzayo. Le yingxaki ethile yekhemikhali, kungekhona ibango elibanzi lokwandisa ioksijini okanye amandla.
Inkcazelo yase-US yokumisela iProvayBlue ichaza iyeza elinikwa ngomthambo le-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni. Ikwanesilumkiso esikwibhokisi ngesifo se-serotonin esibi okanye esibulalayo xa isetyenziswa kunye namayeza asebenza kwi-serotonin nee-opioid, yaye iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kubantu abanokusilela kwe-G6PD ngenxa yomngcipheko we-anemia ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Umntu ocinga ukuyisebenzisa ebantwini ufuna ugqirha okanye usokhemesti ukuba ahlole eyona mveliso, uluhlu lwamayeza, neemeko ezifanelekileyo. Isishwankathelo sokhuseleko lwe-methylene blue sicacisa lo mahluko.
Enye indlela yokusetyenziswa isebenzisa ukubonakala kwedayi. I-Arhente yaseYurophu yamaYeza ichaza iLumeblue njengeyeza lokuxilonga eliphucula ukubonakala kwezilonda kwikholoni nakwirektamu ngexesha le-colonoscopy. Iipilisi zayo zenzelwe ukukhupha idayi kwikholoni. Olu ayilohlobo lwe-antidote olunikwa ngomthambo, yaye alubobungqina bokuba isisombululo esiqhelekileyo esiselwayo sinika isiphumo esifanayo sokuxilonga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri nakwiitanki zeentlanzi kuphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo
Kwiilabhoratri, i-methylene blue ingenza ukuba iindawo zeesampulu zebhayoloji zahluke ngokubonakalayo kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zohlalutyo. Isishwankathelo se-IARC sokusetyenziswa kwayo siquka ukudaya iisampulu zebhayoloji, izalathisi ze-redox, nokulinganisa izinto ezinciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu ezinentlawulo engalunganga. Ezi ziindlela ezinamalungiselelo achaziweyo nemithetho yokutolika. Umqondiso oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uthetha kuphela oko loo ndlela iqinisekise ukuba ukuthetha.
Kwiitanki zeentlanzi, inkcazelo ekwileyibhile yemveliso kaKordon ichaza ukusetyenziswa okubandakanya amaqanda eentlanzi nosulelo lokungunda olusemphezulu. Ikwalumkisa ngokuphazamiseka kokuhluza ngebhayoloji kwaye ichaza ukuba imveliso ayenzelwanga ukusetyenziswa ngabantu. Imiyalelo yokukhathalela iintlanzi ayinakugqithiselwa emntwini, yaye imeko elenzelwe yona iyeza ayinakungqina ukuba unyango lwetanki yeentlanzi lufanelekile kuyo yonke intlanzi egulayo.
Oko uphando lukuqinisekisayo noko lungakuqinisekisiyo
Uphando luka-2016 olusebenzisa ulwabiwo olungacwangciswanga, olwenziwa nguRodriguez noogxa bakhe lwabandakanya abantu abadala abasempilweni abangama-26 lwaza lwathelekisa i-methylene blue eselwayo ne-placebo, kungekho bathathi-nxaxheba nabaphandi ababesazi ukuba ngubani ofumana ntoni. Abathathi-nxaxheba benza imisebenzi yokunikela ingqalelo neyenkumbulo yexesha elifutshane ngexesha le-MRI yokusebenza kwengqondo ngaphambi konyango nakwiyure enye emva kwalo. Abaphandi banika ingxelo yotshintsho kumsebenzi wengqondo onxulumene nemisebenzi nokuphucuka kokukhumbula kwiqela le-methylene blue, kodwa uthelekiso lotshintsho kwindlela yokwenza imisebenzi neqela le-placebo aluzange lubaluleke ngokwezibalo (P = .09).
Olu phando lufanelekile kuba lwavavanya abantu kungekhona iiseli okanye izilwanyana kuphela. Imida yalo ibaluleke ngokufanayo: uvavanyo oluncinci lwexesha elifutshane aluqinisekisi ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwamandla okuqonda, ukuthintelwa kwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okanye ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa yonke imihla. Umsebenzi obonwa kwimifanekiso yengqondo ukwangumlinganiselo wesiphumo owahlukileyo ekusebenzeni ngcono emsebenzini okanye ekuhlaleni ukwazi ukuzimela njengoko umntu eguga. Isikhokelo sophando lwe-methylene blue sicacisa indlela yokuthelekisa le milinganiselo yeziphumo.
Xa ibango likhankanya “i-methylene blue,” khangela iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu: imveliso, indlela yokuyinika, iqela labantu, injongo, nesiphumo esilinganisiweyo. Ezo nkcukacha zigqiba ukuba iingxelo ezimbini zithetha ngongenelelo olufanayo na. Ngaphandle kwazo, uluhlu lweendlela zokusetyenziswa lunokwenza lula ukuba ingcamango esavavanywayo ibonakale ilingana nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango esele kwamkelwe.