Chinyorwa
Chii chinonzi methylene blue? Mashandisirwo, nhoroondo, uye misiyano yakakosha
Methylene blue idhayi yebhuruu inogadzirwa inoshandawo sechinhu chinoita oxidation-reduction. Inoshandiswa mune mimwe mishonga, pakupa ruvara kumasampuli ezvinhu zvipenyu, munzira dzekuongorora zvinhu, uye muzvigadzirwa zvematangi ehove. Vatsvakurudzi vanoongororawo zvainoita kuuropi nemamwe masisitimu ezvinhu zvipenyu. Mashandisirwo aya ane zita rimwe chete remakemikari, asi haana musanganiswa mumwe chete, chinangwa chimwe chete, kana mwero mumwe chete weuchapupu.
Saka mubvunzo wekutanga unonyanya kubatsira ndeuyu: methylene blue inoshandiswei? Dhayi inoshandiswa pamaikorosikopu inobatsira munhu kuona sampuli. Mushonga unorapa kana kubatsira kuona chirwere chakatsanangurwa. Chinhu chinoedzwa mutsvakurudzo chinoedza fungidziro. Kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvauri kuverenga kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvinoverengeka zvakajairika.
Zvinoratidzwa nezita racho
Methylene blue inonziwo methylthioninium chloride. Rekodhi yeIARC inotsanangura makemikari ayo inoiisa muboka remadhayi ephenothiazinium uye inopa fomura yayo isina mvura seC₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S. “Isina mvura” zvinoreva kuti hapana mvura yakabatanidzwa muchimiro chayo chakasimba. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa zvinogona kuva nemvura yakabatanidzwa muchimiro chazvo, saka kuziva chimiro chaicho kwakakosha pakududzira chitupa kana kuverenga huwandu.
Kana yakaoma, haifaniri hangu kutaridzika sebhuruu inopenya: inogona kutaridzika segirini yakasviba ine kupenya kwakaita sebhuronzi, asi kana yakanyungudutswa mumvura inenge iri bhuruu yakadzika. Kutaridzika chete hakuratidzi kuti chinhu chacho chii, kukora kwemusanganiswa wacho, kana kuchena kwacho. Mufananidzo webhodhoro rebhuruu haukwanisi kupindura mibvunzo iyoyo.
Mazita akati wandei anoshandiswa paindaneti anotsanangura zvinhu zvakasiyana:
| Zita | Rinotsanangura methylene blue here? | Zvinorehwa nemusiyano wacho |
|---|---|---|
| Dhayi | Hongu | Izvi zvinotsanangura kugona kwayo kupa ruvara uye kushandiswa kwayo pakupenda masampuli. Hazvirevi kuti haigoni kuita basa semushonga. |
| Mushonga | Kana ichishandiswa pakurapa | Chigadzirwa chakati chine musanganiswa wacho, nzira yekuchiisa mumuviri, mamiriro echirwere achinoshandisirwa, uye mitemo inochidzora. Zita remakemikari chete hariratidzi mashoko iwayo. |
| Vhitamini | Kwete | Haisi imwe yevitamini dzinokosha dzakanyorwa neNIH. |
| Pepitidhi | Kwete | Haisi cheni yemaamino acid akabatanidzwa nezvisungo zvinotsanangura mapepitidhi. |
| Siteroidi | Kwete | Haina chimiro chakajairika chinotsanangurwa munzira yeIUPAC yekupa mazita kumasiteroidi. |
Kuitumidza kuti “pepitidhi yemethylene blue” kana kuti “vhitamini yemethylene blue” hakugadziri boka idzva remakemikari. Kana ichiiswa mumusanganiswa pamwe chete nemapepitidhi kana mavhitamini, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinoramba chiri icho chachiri. Makemikari emethylene blue anotsanangura chimiro chayo nemazwi anoshandiswa zvakadzama.
Dhayi yakazova mushonga sei
Methylene blue yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1876 kuti ishandiswe pakudhaya machira. Masayendisiti aisanganisira Robert Koch naPaul Ehrlich akaona kukosha kwayo pakushandisa maikorosikopu. Pakazosvika 1891, Guttmann naEhrlich vakanga vashuma kushandiswa kwayo kurwisa marariya, sezvinotsanangurwa munhoroondo yeIARC yemashandisirwo ayo ekutanga.
Nhoroondo iyoyo inobatanidza mibvunzo miviri: chinhu chinoenda kupi, uye chinoitei kana chasvika ikoko? Kupenda dzimwe nzvimbo chete kwaibatsira kusiyanisa zvimiro zvezvinhu zvipenyu. Kuongorora zvachaiita muzvinhu zvipenyu kwakavhura rimwe bazi rebasa. Mushumo wekurapa wekare kana kujairana nedhayi kwenguva refu hazviratidzi kuti zvinotaurwa mazuva ano nezvekubatsira utano ndezvechokwadi. Nhoroondo yemethylene blue inotsanangura kukura uku zvakadzama.
Mepu yemashandisirwo inoenderana nemubvunzo wako
Mepu iyi inoronga mashandisirwo maererano nemubvunzo unoda kupindurwa nemuverengi. Mifananidzo yayo inomiririra mashandisirwo, kwete zvakaonekwa muzviyedzo. Tevera nzira inoenderana nemubvunzo wako pazasi.
| Nzira iri pamepu | Tanga nemubvunzo uyu | Verenga zvinotevera |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Varwere nevanovachengeta | Chirwere chipi uye chigadzirwa chipi chemushonga zviri kutaurwa? | Mashandisirwo emethylene blue mumishonga |
| 2. Vadzidzi nevaverengi vezvemarabhoritari | Sampuli ipi uye nzira ipi yekuipa ruvara zviri kutaurwa? | Methylene blue pakupenda masampuli murabhoritari |
| 3. Vanochengeta hove | Rudzi rupi rwehove, dambudziko ripi, uye marongerwo api ekurapa zviri kutaurwa? | Methylene blue yehove dzemumatangi |
| 4. Nyanzvi dzekuongorora | Chii chiri kuyerwa, uye zviyedzo zvipi zvekuenzanisa zvinosimbisa mugumisiro wacho? | Kuyedza nekuongorora zvinhu uye tsvakurudzo yezvakatipoteredza |
| 5. Vaverengi vari kuongorora zvinotaurwa nezveutano | Tsvakurudzo pavanhu yakanyatsoedzei? | Uchapupu hwezvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinobatsira zvemethylene blue |
Methylene blue inoshandiswei mumishonga?
Kumwe kushandiswa kwakatosimbiswa ndekwekurapa methemoglobinemia inowanikwa. Mumamiriro aya, imwe iron iri muhemoglobin inoitwa oxidation yoshanduka kuva chimiro chisingagoni kubata oxygen sezvainofanira kuita. Methylene blue inobatsira munzira yereduction inodzoreredza hemoglobin inokwanisa kushanda. Iri idambudziko remakemikari rakati, kwete kutaura kwakafara nezvekuwedzera oxygen kana simba.
Mashoko ekuUS ekunyorera varwere ProvayBlue anotsanangura mushonga unoiswa mutsinga wekurapa methemoglobinemia inowanikwa muvanhu vakuru nevana. Anewo yambiro iri mubhokisi pamusoro peserotonin syndrome yakakomba kana inogona kuuraya kana uchishandiswa nemishonga inokanganisa serotonin kana nemaopioid, uye anorambidza kushandiswa kana paine kushomeka kweG6PD nekuda kwengozi yeanemia inokonzerwa nekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Munhu ari kufunga nezvekuishandisa mumuviri wemunhu anoda nyanzvi yezvekurapa kana wemishonga kuti aongorore chigadzirwa chaicho, rondedzero yemishonga yaari kushandisa, uye mamiriro ake akakodzera kuongororwa. Pfupiso yekuchengeteka kwemethylene blue inotsanangura misiyano iyi.
Kumwe kushandiswa kunobva pakugona kuona dhayi yacho. European Medicines Agency inotsanangura Lumeblue semushonga unobatsira pakuongorora, uchiita kuti nzvimbo dzakakanganisika muura hukuru nerectum dzionekwe zviri nani panguva yecolonoscopy. Mahwendefa ayo akagadzirwa kuti abudise dhayi muura hukuru. Uyu hausi musanganiswa wemushonga unoiswa mutsinga kurwisa chepfu, uye hausi uchapupu hwekuti musanganiswa wemvura wakajairika unonwiwa unopa mugumisiro mumwe chete pakuongorora.
Mashandisirwo emurabhoritari nemumatangi ehove anopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana
Mumarabhoritari, methylene blue inogona kuita kuti zvikamu zvemasampuli ezvinhu zvipenyu zvionekwe zvakasiyana uye kushandiswa munzira dzekuongorora zvinhu. Pfupiso yeIARC yemashandisirwo ayo inosanganisira kupenda masampuli ezvinhu zvipenyu, zviratidzo zveredox, uye kuyera zvinhu zvinoderedza kukakavadzana kwepamusoro pemvura zvine chaji isina kunaka. Idzi inzira dzine magadzirirwo akatarwa nemitemo yekududzira mhedzisiro. Chiratidzo chebhuruu chinongoreva izvo zvakasimbiswa nenzira iyoyo.
Pamatangi ehove, mashoko ari pachigadzirwa cheKordon anotsanangura mashandisirwo ane chekuita nemazai ehove nezvirwere zvefungus zviri pamusoro pemuviri. Anoyambirawo nezvekukanganisa kusefa kunoshandisa zvinhu zvipenyu uye anotaura kuti chigadzirwa chacho hachina kugadzirirwa kudyiwa kana kunwiwa nevanhu. Mirayiridzo yekuchengeta hove haigoni kungoshandiswa pamunhu, uye kushandiswa kwemushonga pakurapa chirwere chakati hakuratidzi kuti mushonga wetangi unokodzera hove dzose dzinorwara.
Zvinosimbiswa netsvakurudzo, nezvaisingasimbisi
Tsvakurudzo ya2016 yakashandisa kugovera vanhu nemukana yakaitwa naRodriguez nevamwe yakatora vanhu vakuru 26 vane utano hwakanaka ikaenzanisa methylene blue inonwiwa nechinhu chakafanana nemushonga asi chisina mushonga unoshanda, pasina vatori vechikamu kana vatsvakurudzi vaiziva kuti ndiani apiwa chii. Vatori vechikamu vakaita mabasa ekuteerera nekuyeuka kwenguva pfupi vachiongororwa neMRI yekushanda kweuropi vasati vapiwa mushonga uye awa imwe pashure. Vatsvakurudzi vakashuma shanduko mukushanda kweuropi kune chekuita nemabasa iwayo uye kuvandudzika kwekurangarira muboka rakapiwa methylene blue, asi kuenzanisa shanduko mukuita mabasa neavo vakapiwa chinhu chisina mushonga hakuna kuratidza musiyano wakakosha maererano nekuongorora nhamba (P = .09).
Tsvakurudzo iyi ine chekuita nenyaya iyi nokuti yakaedza vanhu, kwete masero kana mhuka chete. Miganhu yayo yakakoshawo saizvozvo: chiyedzo chidiki chenguva pfupi hachisimbisi kuvandudzika kunoramba kuripo kwekufunga nekuyeuka, kudzivirirwa kwedementia, kana kuchengeteka kwekushandisa zuva nezuva. Kushanda kweuropi kunoonekwa pamifananidzo kwakasiyanawo nemugumisiro wekushanda zviri nani kubasa kana kuramba uchizviriritira paunokwegura. Gwaro rekutungamirira pakuverenga tsvakurudzo yemethylene blue rinotsanangura maenzanisiro emigumisiro iyi.
Kana zvinotaurwa zvichitaura nezve“methylene blue,” tsvaga mamwe mashoko anotevera: chigadzirwa, nzira yekuchiisa mumuviri, boka revanhu, chinangwa, uye mugumisiro wakayerwa. Mashoko iwayo ndiwo anosarudza kana zvirevo zviviri zviri pamusoro pechinhu chimwe chete chiri kushandiswa. Pasina iwo, rondedzero yemashandisirwo inogona kuita zviri nyore kuti pfungwa ichiri kuedzwa iite seyakaenzana nekushandiswa kwekurapa kwakatosimbiswa.