Tuhinga
He aha te kikorangi metilīni? Ngā whakamahinga, te hītori, me ngā rerekētanga matua
He waikano kikorangi waihanga te kikorangi metilīni, ā, ka mahi hoki hei matū hāoratanga-whakahekenga. Ka whakamahia i ētahi rongoā, i te whakawaikano tauira koiora, i ngā tikanga tātari, me ngā hua mō ngā puna ika. Ka rangahau hoki ngā kairangahau i ōna pānga ki te roro me ētahi atu pūnaha koiora. He ingoa matū kotahi tō ēnei whakamahinga, engari he rerekē ō rātou hanganga hua, kaupapa, paerewa taunakitanga hoki.
Nō reira, ko te pātai tuatahi e tino whai hua ana: he aha ngā whakamahinga o te kikorangi metilīni? Ka āwhina te waikano karu whakarahi i te tangata kia kite i tētahi tauira. Ka whakamahia te rongoā hei whakaora, hei āwhina rānei ki te tautuhi i tētahi mate kua āta whakaritea. Ka whakamātau te wawaotanga rangahau i tētahi whakapae. Mā te mārama ki te horopaki e pānuitia ana e koe, ka karohia ētahi hapa noa.
He aha tā te ingoa e tautuhi ai
Ka kīia hoki te kikorangi metilīni ko methylthioninium chloride. Ka whakarōpū te pūkete tuakiri matū a IARC i a ia ki te whānau waikano phenothiazinium, ā, ka whakarārangi i tōna tātai anhydrous hei C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S. Ko te tikanga o te kupu “anhydrous”, kāore he wai i whakaurua ki roto i tōna āhua totoka. Ka whai wai whakahaumākū ngā rawa e hokona ana, nō reira he mea nui te āhua pū o te matū ina whakamāoritia he tiwhikete, ina tātaihia rānei ngā rahinga.
Ehara i te mea me kikorangi kanapa te āhua o te rawa maroke: tērā pea he kākāriki pōuri me te kōhinuhinu parahi tōna āhua, engari he kikorangi hōhonu tōna wairewa ā-wai. Kāore te āhua anake e whakaū i te tuakiri, te kukū, te parakore rānei. Kāore e taea e tētahi whakaahua o te pounamu kikorangi te whakautu aua pātai.
He momo mea rerekē e whakaahuatia ana e ētahi tapanga e whakamahia ana i te ipurangi:
| Tapanga | E whakaahua ana i te kikorangi metilīni? | Te tikanga o te rerekētanga |
|---|---|---|
| Waikano | Āe | E whakaahua ana tēnei i tōna āhei ki te hoatu tae me tōna whakamahinga mō te whakawaikano. Kāore tēnei e whakakore i te tūpono ka whai mahi rongoā hoki. |
| Rongoā | I ngā whakamahinga rongoā | He hanganga, he ara tuku, he take whakamahinga, he horopaki ture whakahaere tō tētahi hua motuhake. Kāore te ingoa matū anake e whakaū i aua taipitopito. |
| Huaora | Kāo | Ehara tēnei i tētahi o ngā huaora waiwai kua tautuhia e NIH. |
| Peptide | Kāo | Ehara tēnei i te mekameka waikawa amino e honoa ana e ngā here e tautuhi ana i ngā peptide. |
| Steroid | Kāo | Kāore tōna hanganga e whai i te anga motuhake e whakaahuatia ana i te pūnaha whakaingoa steroid a IUPAC. |
Ahakoa ka kīia he “peptide kikorangi metilīni”, he “huaora kikorangi metilīni” rānei, kāore tērā e hanga i tētahi kāwai matū hou. Ki te whakaurua ki tētahi ranunga me ngā peptide, ngā huaora rānei, ka mau tonu te tuakiri ake o ia kai whakauru. Ka whakamārama te tuhinga mō te mātai matū o te kikorangi metilīni i te hanganga me ngā kupu hangarau kia hōhonu ake.
Te hurihanga o tētahi waikano hei rongoā
I waihangatia te kikorangi metilīni i te tau 1876 hei waikano papanga. I mōhio ngā kaipūtaiao, tae atu ki a Robert Koch rāua ko Paul Ehrlich, ki tōna painga mō te mātai mā te karu whakarahi. Tae rawa ki te tau 1891, kua pūrongotia e Guttmann rāua ko Ehrlich tōna whakamahinga hei rongoā mō te malaria, e ai ki te whakaahuatanga a IARC mō ōna whakamahinga tōmua.
Ka hono taua hītori i ngā pātai e rua: ka haere te matū ki hea, ā, he aha tāna mahi ina tae atu ki reira? Nā te whakawaikano whāiti i māmā ake ai te wehewehe i ngā hanganga koiora. Nā te tūhura i ngā pānga koiora i tīmata ai tētahi atu ara rangahau. Kāore tētahi pūrongo maimoatanga nō mua, te roa rānei o te mōhio ki tētahi waikano, e whakaū he pono tētahi kerēme hauora o ēnei rā. Ka whai te tuhinga mō te hītori o te kikorangi metilīni i tēnei whanaketanga kia hōhonu ake.
He mahere whakamahinga mō tō pātai
Ka whakarōpū te mahere i ngā whakamahinga i runga i te pātai e hiahia ana te kaipānui kia whakautua. E whakaatu ana ngā whakaahua i ngā whakamahinga, kāore i ngā kitenga whakamātau. Whāia te ara e hāngai ana i raro nei.
| Ara o te mahere | Tīmata ki tēnei pātai | Pānuitia ā muri ake |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ngā tūroro me ngā kaitiaki | He aha te mate me te hua rongoā e whakamahia ana? | Ngā whakamahinga rongoā o te kikorangi metilīni |
| 2. Ngā ākonga me ngā kaipānui taiwhanga | He aha te tauira me te tikanga whakawaikano e whakamahia ana? | Te kikorangi metilīni i te whakawaikano taiwhanga |
| 3. Ngā kaitiaki ika | He aha te momo ika, te raruraru, me te whakaritenga maimoatanga e whakamahia ana? | Te kikorangi metilīni mō ngā ika puna |
| 4. Ngā kaitātari | He aha e inehia ana, ā, he aha ngā mana whakamātau e whakaū ana i te hua? | Te whakamātautau tātari me te rangahau taiao |
| 5. Ngā kaipānui e aromātai ana i ngā kerēme hauora | He aha tonu tā te rangahau ki te tangata i whakamātau ai? | Ngā taunakitanga mō ngā painga e whakapaetia ana o te kikorangi metilīni |
Hei aha te kikorangi metilīni e whakamahia ai i te rongoā?
Ko tētahi whakamahinga kua whakapūmautia, ko te maimoatanga i te methemoglobinemia ka puta i muri i te whānautanga. I tēnei mate, ka hāoratia ētahi o te rino i roto i te hemoglobin ki tētahi āhua e kore ai e taea te here hāora pērā i te tikanga. Ka whai wāhi te kikorangi metilīni ki tētahi ara whakahekenga e āwhina ana ki te whakahoki i te hemoglobin kia mahi tika. He raruraru matū motuhake tēnei, ehara i te kerēme whānui mō te whakapiki hāora, pūngao rānei.
Ka tautuhi ngā mōhiohio whakahau rongoā o Amerika mō ProvayBlue i tētahi rongoā mā te ia toto mō te methemoglobinemia ka puta i muri i te whānautanga, i ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki. He whakatūpato kei roto i tētahi pouaka mō te mate serotonin tino kino, whakamate rānei, ina whakamahia me ngā rongoā e mahi ana ki te pūnaha serotonin me ngā opioid. Ka aukatia hoki tōna whakamahinga ki te hunga he hapa G6PD tō rātou, nā te mōrea o te anaemia ka takea mai i te pakarutanga o ngā pūtau toto whero. Ko te tangata e whakaaro ana ki te whakamahi mō te tangata, me whai rata, mātanga rongoā rānei hei aromātai i te hua ake, te rārangi rongoā, me ngā mate e hāngai ana. Ka whakamārama te tirohanga whānui mō te haumaru o te kikorangi metilīni i ēnei rerekētanga.
Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga e whai hua ana i te kitea o te waikano. Ka whakaahua te European Medicines Agency i a Lumeblue hei rongoā tautuhi mate e whakapai ana i te kitea o ngā wāhi kiko kua tūkinotia i te kōpiro nui me te tōu i te wā o te tirohanga karu kōpiro. Kua hangaia ōna pire kia tuku i te waikano ki roto i te kōpiro nui. Ehara tēnei i te hanganga rongoā patu paihana ka tukuna mā te ia toto, ā, ehara hoki i te taunakitanga ka puta te hua tautuhi mate ōrite i tētahi wairewa noa ka horomia mā te waha.
He pātai rerekē ka whakautua e ngā whakamahinga taiwhanga me ngā whakamahinga puna ika
I ngā taiwhanga, ka taea e te kikorangi metilīni te whakapiki i te rerekē o te tae i ngā tauira koiora, ā, ka whai wāhi hoki ki ngā tukanga tātari. Kei roto i te tirohanga whānui a IARC mō ngā whakamahinga te whakawaikano koiora, ngā tohu hāoratanga-whakahekenga, me te ine i ngā matū hohe-mata katote tōraro. He tikanga ēnei e whai ana i ngā whakaritenga me ngā ture whakamāori hua kua āta tautuhia. Ko te tikanga o tētahi tohu kikorangi, ko te mea anake kua whakaūngia e taua tikanga.
Mō ngā puna ika, ka whakaahua te tapanga hua a Kordon i ngā whakamahinga mō ngā hua ika me ngā pokenga harore kei te mata o te tinana. Ka whakatūpato hoki mō te whakararu i te tātari koiora, ā, ka kī kāore te hua i hangaia hei kai mā te tangata. Kāore e taea te whakawhiti i ngā tohutohu tiaki ika hei tohutohu mō te tangata, ā, kāore tētahi take whakamahinga rongoā e whakaū he tika tētahi maimoatanga puna ika mō ia ika māuiui.
He aha ka whakaūngia e te rangahau, ā, he aha kāore e whakaūngia
I whakauru tētahi rangahau matapōkere i te tau 2016 nā Rodriguez me ōna hoa i ngā pakeke hauora 26, ā, i whakatauritea te kikorangi metilīni ka horomia mā te waha ki tētahi rongoā horihori i raro i ngā tikanga matapōrua. I whakaoti ngā kaiuru i ngā mahi aro me ngā mahi mahara wā poto i te wā o te MRI ā-mahi, i mua i te maimoatanga me te kotahi hāora i muri mai. I pūrongo ngā kairangahau i ngā panonitanga o te mahi roro e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakamātau, me te pai ake o te tiki mahara i roto i te rōpū kikorangi metilīni, engari kāore te whakataurite o ngā panonitanga whanonga ki ērā o te rōpū rongoā horihori i whai hiranga ā-tauanga (P = .09).
He whai take te rangahau nā te mea i whakamātauhia te tangata, kaua ko ngā pūtau, ngā kararehe anake rānei. He mea nui anō ōna herenga: kāore tētahi whakamātau iti, wā poto hoki e whakaū i te pai ake o te āhei hinengaro mō te wā roa, te ārai i te mate wareware, te haumaru rānei o te whakamahi i ia rā. He putanga ine kē hoki te mahi ka kitea i ngā whakaahua roro i te pai ake o te mahi i te wāhi mahi, i te mau tonu rānei o te āhei ki te noho motuhake i te kaumātuatanga. Ka whakamārama te aratohu mō te rangahau kikorangi metilīni me pēhea te whakataurite i ēnei putanga ine.
Ina kōrero tētahi kerēme mō te “kikorangi metilīni”, rapua ngā taipitopito e whai ake nei: te hua, te ara tuku, te rōpū tāngata, te kaupapa, me te hua i inehia. Mā aua taipitopito e whakatau mēnā e pā ana ngā kōrero e rua ki te wawaotanga kotahi. Ki te kore aua taipitopito, ka ngāwari noa te hanga a tētahi rārangi whakamahinga i te āhua nei he ōrite tētahi whakaaro whakamātau ki tētahi whakamahinga rongoā kua whakapūmautia.