Shuɗin methylene da tsawon rai: shaidar ƙwayoyin halitta, dabbobi, da mutane

Ba a nuna cewa shuɗin methylene yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar mutane ba a binciken da aka samu don wannan bita. Wasu sakamakon gwaje-gwajen ɗakin bincike suna da alaƙa da tsufa, amma abubuwan da aka auna sun bambanta sosai: ƙwayoyin halitta da ke ci gaba da rarrabuwa, berayen da suka rayu har zuwa tsufa, da mutanen da suka kammala aikin gwada ƙwaƙwalwa sakamako ne daban-daban.

Saboda haka, tambayar da ta fi amfani ita ce takamaimai: me ya rayu na tsawon lokaci fiye da da, a ƙarƙashin waɗanne yanayi, kuma ta yaya aka auna tsawon rayuwar? Amsar tana hana a mayar da tsarin aiki mai nuna alƙawari zuwa iƙirarin ƙarin shekarun rayuwar ɗan Adam.

Ma'anoni huɗu na iƙirarin rage tsufa

1. Tsufar ƙwayoyin halitta: yanayin da ƙwayoyin halitta suke daina rarrabuwa kuma su samu wasu sauye-sauye. Jinkirta wannan yanayi a ƙwayoyin da ake rainawa a ɗakin gwaji ya bambanta da cire ƙwayoyin da suka riga suka tsufa.
2. Tsawon rai: lokacin da wata halitta take ci gaba da rayuwa. Binciken rayuwa yana bibiyar dabbobi ko mutane, har da mutuwarsu, maimakon auna ƙwayoyinsu kawai.
3. Tsawon rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya: lokacin da ake rayuwa tare da kiyaye lafiya da ikon gudanar da ayyuka. Gwajin tsarin ƙashi ko ƙarfin gudanar da ayyukan jiki zai iya ba da bayani game da wani ɓangaren rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya ba tare da nuna ƙarin tsawon rai ba.
4. Shekarun halitta: kiyasin shekarun jiki da aka samo daga wasu zaɓaɓɓun ma'aunai. Sauyi a wannan kiyasi sakamakon gwaji ne a kansa, ba lura da cewa wani ya rayu ƙarin shekaru ba.

Wata takardar bincike na iya zama shaida mai ƙarfi ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan iƙirari, amma ta bayar da shaida kaɗan ga wani. Bayanin shaidar fa'idodi ga mutane yana amfani da wannan bambanci wajen nazarin wasu iƙirari game da shuɗin methylene.

Abin da binciken ƙwayoyin halitta ke nunawa

A gwajin ƙwayoyin fibroblast na Atamna da abokan aikinsa, ƙara shuɗin methylene a ruwan rainon ƙwayoyin halitta ya jinkirta tsufar ƙwayoyin fibroblast na huhun ɗan Adam na IMR90. Masu binciken sun bayar da rahoton ƙarin ninkuwar yawan ƙwayoyin halitta fiye da sau 20 idan aka kwatanta da rukunin gwaji na kwatanci. An riƙa ƙirga ƙwayoyin da sake shuka su, don haka “tsawon rai” ya bayyana ikonsu na ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Ninkuwar yawan ƙwayoyin halitta tana nufin yawansu ya ninku sau biyu. Ƙarin ninkuwa sau ashirin ba ya nufin ƙarin shekaru 20, ko ƙarin 20% a tsawon rayuwar wanda aka samo ƙwayoyin daga gare shi. Gwajin ya kuma auna sauye-sauyen mitochondria, wanda ya goyi bayan hasashen ilimin halitta ba tare da tabbatar da sabunta kuruciyar jiki gaba ɗaya ba. Yadda gwaje-gwajen fibroblast suke auna tsufar ƙwayoyin halitta yana bayyana bambanci tsakanin ƙaruwa ta hanyar rarrabuwa da cire ƙwayoyin da suka tsufa.

Takardar bincike ta biyu da ake yawan ambata ta yi nazarin samfurin wata takamaiman cuta. Binciken progeria na Xiong da abokan aikinsa ya saka shuɗin methylene a ruwan rainon ƙwayoyin fibroblast da aka samo daga mutanen da suke da ciwon Hutchinson-Gilford progeria. Matsalolin tsarin cibiyar ƙwayar halitta da mitochondria sun ragu; an bibiyi girma na tsawon makonni 12, tare da yin wasu ma'aunai a tazarori mafi gajarta.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin da aka samo daga mutane ne, ba mutane masu shiga bincike da aka ba magani ba. Cutar tana da alaƙa da furotin progerin marar al'ada, don haka inganta wannan siffar ƙwayoyin halitta ba ya tabbatar da maganin progeria ko tasiri na gaba ɗaya kan tsufa cikin lafiya. Bayanin samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta na progeria yana tattauna wannan tambayar bincike mai iyaka. Sakamakon kayan kwalliya da na abubuwan da ake shafawa a fata suna cikin wata bita ta daban kan shaidar kula da fata.

Matakan shaida: halitta, abin da aka auna, da tsawon lokaci

Karanta waɗannan matakai daga sama zuwa ƙasa zuwa ga tambayar tsawon rayuwar ɗan Adam. Ƙarin kusanci da wannan tambaya ba ya tabbatar da sakamako mai kyau. Kowane layi yana bayyana ainihin abin da aka lura da shi.

Waɗannan adadin sinadarin da hanyoyin ba da shi suna bayyana gwaje-gwajen. Ba su bayar da tsarin amfani don ƙara tsawon rayuwar ɗan Adam ba. Musamman, ƙara sinadari kai tsaye a ruwan rainon ƙwayoyin halitta yana tsallake shanye shi, yaɗuwarsa, da fitar da shi a cikin cikakken jiki. Ɗakin karatu na bincike yana tsara bincike bisa waɗannan bayanai na yadda aka tsara gwajin.

Dalilin da ya sa sakamakon beraye yake buƙatar ma'aunai biyu na tsawon rai

Binciken Shirin Gwajin Hanyoyin Shisshigi a wurare uku ya yi amfani da berayen da suka bambanta ta fuskar kwayoyin gado. Hanyoyin binciken sun fayyace 28 mg na shuɗin methylene hydrate a kowace kilogiram ta abinci; sashen sakamakon ya bayar da rahoton 27 mg/kg na abinci. Dukansu suna bayyana adadin sinadari a abinci, ba milligram a kowace kilogiram ta nauyin jiki ba.

Layin jadawalin rayuwa na bayanan da aka haɗa bai nuna muhimmin ingantawa a kowane jinsi ba. Amma a mata, tsawon rayuwa a ma'aunin kashi na 90 ya ƙaru daga kwanaki 1,072 zuwa 1,138, kusan 6%, tare da P = .004. Masu binciken ba su ɗauki sakamakon gaba ɗaya a matsayin isasshen goyon baya ga hanyar rage tsufa mai tasiri a adadin da aka gwada ba.

Tsakiyar tsawon rai ita ce shekarun da rabin rukuni ya mutu. Tsawon rai a ma'aunin kashi na 90 yana bayyana ɓangaren waɗanda suka fi tsawon rai, lokacin da kusan 90% suka mutu. A nan, “mafi tsawon rai” yana nufin wannan ma'aunin da ya dogara da matsayi bisa kashi, ba shekarun dabba guda da ta kafa sabon tarihi ba. Wani shisshigi zai iya shafar wani ɓangare na rarrabuwar tsawon rayuwa ba tare da inganta tsakiyarsa ba. Sakamakon dabba da ya keɓanta ga mata kuma ba zai iya tabbatar da fa'ida a mata 'yan Adam ba.

Dole ne a gwada tsawon rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya dabam

Gwajin tsufar tsarin ƙasusuwa na 2024 yana nuna dalilin da ya sa bayanin tsarin aiki kaɗai bai isa ba. Duk da hujjar da ta goyi bayan mayar da hankali kan matsalar aikin mitochondria, shuɗin methylene bai hana raguwar ƙashi a tsofaffin beraye mata da aka ba shi a ruwan sha ba. Wani gwaji na daban a cikin wannan takardar bincike kuma bai gano kariyar ƙasusuwa ba lokacin da aka ba beraye masu bambancin kwayoyin gado sinadarin a abinci.

Wannan ba ya tabbatar da cewa duk wani sakamako da zai yiwu kan aikin jiki ba zai canza ba. Amma yana nuna cewa ba za a ɗauka cewa sakamako mai kyau a ƙwayoyin halitta da ake rainawa zai kare wata gaɓa mai tsufa ba. Bitar shaidar tsufar tsarin ƙasusuwa tana nazarin wannan matsalar miƙa sakamakon bincike zuwa jiki dalla-dalla.

Abin da gwajin mutane da rahotannin mutum da kansa za su iya tabbatarwa

Binciken ɗaukar hoton cikin jikin mutane da aka raba su zuwa rukuni ta hanyar bazata ya nazarci martanin nan da nan bayan an ba da sinadarin ta baki. Ba zai iya amsa ko maimaita ba da sinadarin yana kiyaye ikon rayuwa ba tare da taimakon wasu ba, yana hana cututtuka masu alaƙa da tsufa, ko yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa a tsawon shekaru ba. Magani zai iya samun tasirin ɗan gajeren lokaci da za a iya aunawa ba tare da inganta ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sakamakon ba.

Irin wannan tunani ya shafi gwaje-gwajen shekarun halitta. Ko da maki ya ragu bayan wani ya fara amfani da shuɗin methylene, abin da aka lura da shi yana tabbatar da sauyin maki ne. Nuna fa'idar ƙarin tsawon rai yana buƙatar shaidar cewa shisshigin yana inganta tsawon rayuwa, ko wata ma'aunin wakilci da aka tabbatar da ingancinta sosai ga wannan magani da rukunin mutane. Maki da yake hasashen haɗari a tsakanin mutane ba ya nuna kai tsaye cewa sauya makin yana sauya wannan haɗarin.

Rahotannin mutum da kansa game da amfani da shisshigi da yawa suna da wata ƙarin matsala. Idan mutum ya sauya abinci, motsa jiki, barci, kayan ƙarin abinci da dama, da shuɗin methylene a lokaci guda, ingantawar da ta biyo baya ba za ta iya ware gudummawar shuɗin methylene ba. Maimaita gwaje-gwaje da zaɓen sakamakon da za a bayar da rahoto na iya ƙara gurɓata fahimtar abin da ya faru. Irin waɗannan labarai za su iya haifar da tambayoyin bincike, amma ba za su iya ƙididdige shekarun da aka ƙara ba.

Abin da wannan yake nufi ga shawarar tsawaita rayuwa

Sakamakon da ake da shi yana goyon bayan ƙarin bincike, ba wani tabbataccen adadi ko jadawalin amfani don ƙara tsawon rai ba. Yin amfani na tsawon shekaru don rigakafi zai buƙaci shaida game da illolin da suke taruwa da kuma fa'idodi. Bayanin samfurin allura na yanzu ya rubuta mu'amalar magunguna mai tsanani da ta shafi serotonin da hana amfani ga masu ƙarancin G6PD saboda haɗarin fashewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Ba ya tabbatar da ingancin amfani ta baki na dogon lokaci don tsufa.

Kafin yin tunanin amfani da shi da kanka, duba illoli da yanayin da ba a yarda a yi amfani da shi ba kuma tattauna takamaiman samfurin da jerin magungunanka da ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya. Don tantance iƙirarin ƙarin tsawon rai, nemi bayanin halittar da aka yi bincike a kanta, hanyar ba da sinadarin, tsawon lokacin amfani, abin da aka yi kwatanci da shi, da ainihin abin da aka auna. Idan abin da aka auna shi ne girman ƙwayoyin halitta ko makin gwaji, iƙirarin ya kamata ya tsaya kan girman ƙwayoyin halitta ko wannan makin gwajin.