Ubururu bwa metilene no kuramba: uturemangingo, inyamaswa n'ibimenyetso ku bantu

Mu bushakashatsi bwabonetse kugira ngo hategurwe iri sesengura, ntibyagaragajwe ko ubururu bwa metilene bwongera igihe abantu bamara babaho. Bimwe mu byabonetse muri laboratwari bifitanye isano no gusaza, ariko ibyo bipima biratandukanye cyane: uturemangingo dukomeza kwigabanya, imbeba zikomeza kubaho kugeza zishaje n'abantu bakora ikizamini cyo kwibuka ni ibyabonetse bitandukanye.

Bityo, ikibazo cy'ingirakamaro kurusha ibindi ni ikibaza neza ngo: ni iki cyabayeho igihe kirekire kurushaho, mu bihe bimeze bite, kandi kuramba byapimwe bite? Igisubizo kirinda ko uburyo bw'imikorere butanga icyizere buhinduka icyemezo cy'uko bwongera imyaka abantu babaho.

Ibisobanuro bine by'icyemezo cyo kurwanya gusaza

1. Gusaza kw'uturemangingo: imimerere uturemangingo turekeramo kwigabanya kandi tukagira izindi mpinduka. Gutinza iyo mimerere mu turemangingo dukurirwa muri laboratwari bitandukanye no gukuraho uturemangingo twamaze gusaza.
2. Igihe cyo kubaho: igihe ikinyabuzima kimara kikiri kizima. Ubushakashatsi ku gukomeza kubaho bukurikirana inyamaswa cyangwa abantu, bukandika n'impfu, aho gupima gusa uturemangingo twabo.
3. Igihe cyo kubaho ufite ubuzima bwiza: igihe umuntu amara abaho afite ubuzima bwiza n'ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ikizamini cy'imiterere y'amagufwa cyangwa cy'ubushobozi bw'umubiri gishobora gutanga amakuru ku gice kimwe cy'icyo gihe, kitagaragaje ko igihe cyo kubaho cyiyongereye.
4. Imyaka y'umubiri: igereranya rishingiye ku bipimo byatoranyijwe. Impinduka muri iryo gereranya ubwayo ni igipimo cy'ibisubizo, si ukubona ko umuntu yabayeho imyaka y'inyongera.

Inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi ishobora gutanga ibimenyetso bikomeye bishyigikira kimwe muri ibi byemezo, ariko igatanga ibimenyetso bike bishyigikira ikindi. Incamake y'ibimenyetso ku nyungu ku bantu ikoresha iri tandukaniro mu gusuzuma ibindi bivugwa ku bururu bwa metilene.

Icyo ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo bwerekana

Mu igerageza rya Atamna na bagenzi be ku turemangingo twa fibroblast, ubururu bwa metilene bwongewe mu ntungamubiri zikurirwamo uturemangingo bwatinze gusaza kw'uturemangingo twa fibroblast twa IMR90 two mu bihaha by'umuntu. Abashakashatsi bavuze ko umubare w'uturemangingo wikubye kabiri inshuro zirenga 20 ziyongera ku zabonetse mu itsinda ryo kugereranyaho. Uturemangingo twakurirwaga muri laboratwari twarabarwaga kenshi tukongera tugaterwa, bityo “igihe cyo kubaho” cyasobanuraga ubushobozi bwatwo bwo gukomeza kwiyongera.

Kwikuba kabiri k'umubare w'uturemangingo bivuga ko umubare watwo uba wikubye kabiri. Kwikuba kabiri inshuro 20 z'inyongera ntibivuga imyaka 20 y'inyongera, cyangwa kwiyongera kwa 20% kw'igihe nyir'uturemangingo abaho. Igerageza ryanapimye impinduka muri mitokondiriya, rishyigikira igitekerezo ku mikorere y'umubiri ariko ritagaragaza ko umubiri wose usubirana ubuto. Uko amagerageza kuri fibroblast apima gusaza kw'uturemangingo asobanura itandukaniro hagati yo kwiyongera kw'uturemangingo no gukuraho uturemangingo twashaje.

Inyandiko ya kabiri ikunze kuvugwa yasuzumye icyitegererezo cy'indwara runaka. Ubushakashatsi bwa Xiong na bagenzi be kuri progeria bwashyize uturemangingo twa fibroblast twakuwe ku bantu bafite indwara ya Hutchinson-Gilford progeria mu ntungamubiri zirimo ubururu bwa metilene. Imiterere idasanzwe y'intima z'uturemangingo na mitokondiriya yarushijeho kugenda neza; imikurire yakurikiranwe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 12, ibindi bipimo bifatwa mu bihe bigufi kurushaho.

Utu twari uturemangingo twakuwe ku bantu, ntabwo bari abantu bahawe umuti mu bushakashatsi. Iyi ndwara irimo poroteyine ya progerin idasanzwe, bityo kunoza iyo miterere y'uturemangingo ntibihamya ko habonetse umuti wa progeria cyangwa ingaruka rusange ku gusaza umuntu afite ubuzima bwiza. Ibisobanuro ku cyitegererezo cya progeria gishingiye ku turemangingo bivuga kuri icyo kibazo cy'ubushakashatsi gifite imbibi zihariye. Ibisubizo bijyanye n'ubwiza n'ibikoreshwa ku ruhu biri mu isesengura ryihariye ry'ibimenyetso ku kwita ku ruhu.

Inzego z'ibimenyetso: ikinyabuzima, igipimo cy'ibisubizo n'igihe

Soma izi nzego kuva hejuru ugana hasi, werekeza ku kibazo cyo kuramba kw'abantu. Kuba ubushakashatsi bufitanye isano ya hafi kurushaho n'icyo kibazo ntibyemeza ko buzabona igisubizo cyiza. Buri murongo uvuga icyagaragaye koko.

Ubwinshi bwakoreshejwe n'inzira byatanzwemo bigaragaza uko amagerageza yakozwe. Ntibitanga gahunda yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo abantu barambe. By'umwihariko, kongera ikinyabutabire ako kanya mu ntungamubiri zikurirwamo uturemangingo bisimbuka uko cyinjira mu mubiri, kigakwirakwizwa kandi kigakurwamo mu mubiri wuzuye. Ububiko bw'ubushakashatsi butondeka ubushakashatsi hakurikijwe ibi biranga uko bwateguwe.

Impamvu ibisubizo ku mbeba bikeneye ibipimo bibiri by'igihe cyo kubaho

Ubushakashatsi bwa gahunda yo kugerageza uburyo bwo gutabara, bwakorewe ahantu hatatu, bwakoresheje imbeba zifite imiterere y'irondakoko itandukanye. Igice gisobanura uburyo bwakoreshejwe kivuga 28 mg z'ubururu bwa metilene burimo amazi afatanye na bwo kuri buri kiro cy'ibiryo; igice cy'ibisubizo kivuga 27 mg/kg mu biryo. Byombi bisobanura ubwinshi buri mu biryo, ntabwo ari miligarama kuri buri kiro cy'uburemere bw'umubiri.

Imirongo igaragaza uko imbeba zakomeje kubaho, yashushanyijwe hakoreshejwe amakuru yahujwe, ntiyerekanye iterambere rifatika mu mibare ku gitsina na kimwe. Ariko mu ngore, igihe cyo kubaho ku gipimo cya percentile ya 90 cyavuye ku minsi 1,072 kigera ku minsi 1,138, hafi 6%, hamwe na P = .004. Abashakashatsi ntibabonye ko ibisubizo rusange bihagije ngo bishyigikire uburyo bukora bwo kurwanya gusaza ku bwinshi bwageragejwe.

Igihe cyo kubaho cya median ni imyaka iba igezeho igihe kimwe cya kabiri cy'itsinda kimaze gupfa. Igihe cyo kubaho ku gipimo cya percentile ya 90 gisobanura igice cy'abarambye kurusha abandi, igihe hafi 90% baba bamaze gupfa. Hano, “igihe ntarengwa cyo kubaho” bivuga icyo gipimo gishingiye kuri percentile, ntabwo ari imyaka y'inyamaswa imwe yarambye kurusha izindi zose. Uburyo bwageragejwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku gice kimwe cy'uko ibihe byo kubaho bikwirakwijwe, butazamuye agaciro ko hagati. Nanone, igisubizo cyihariye ku nyamaswa z'ingore ntigishobora kwemeza inyungu ku bagore.

Igihe cyo kubaho ufite ubuzima bwiza kigomba kugeragezwa ukwacyo

Igerageza ryo mu 2024 ku gusaza kw'amagufwa ryerekana impamvu kumenya uburyo ikinyabutabire gikora bidahagije. Nubwo hari impamvu zo kwibanda ku mikorere mibi ya mitokondiriya, ubururu bwa metilene ntibwabujije igabanuka ry'amagufwa mu mbeba z'ingore zishaje zabuhawe mu mazi yo kunywa. Irindi gerageza riri muri iyo nyandiko na ryo ntiryabonye ko amagufwa yarinzwe igihe imbeba zifite irondakoko ritandukanye zabuhawe mu biryo.

Ibi ntibihamya ko nta ngaruka ku bisubizo byose bishoboka bijyanye n'imikorere. Ariko byerekana ko igisubizo cyiza mu turemangingo dukurirwa muri laboratwari kidakwiye gufatwa nk'ikizarinda urugingo rusaza. Isesengura ry'ibimenyetso ku gusaza kw'amagufwa risuzuma mu buryo burambuye icyo kibazo cyo kwimurira ibyabonetse mu turemangingo ku ngingo.

Icyo ibizamini ku bantu n'ibyo abantu bavuga ku byababayeho bishobora kwemeza

Ubushakashatsi ku bantu hakoreshejwe amashusho y'ubuvuzi n'amatsinda yashyizweho ku buryo bwa tombola bwasuzumye igisubizo cy'umubiri cy'igihe gito nyuma yo guhabwa ubururu bwa metilene mu kanwa. Ntibushobora gusubiza niba kubuhabwa kenshi birinda gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwibeshaho utabifashijwemo, birinda indwara zijyanye n'imyaka cyangwa byongera igihe cyo kubaho mu myaka myinshi. Umuti ushobora kugira ingaruka zipimika mu gihe gito utanoza na kimwe muri ibyo bisubizo.

Iyi mitekerereze inareba ibizamini by'imyaka y'umubiri. Nubwo amanota yagabanuka nyuma y'uko umuntu atangiye gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene, icyabonetse cyemeza ko amanota yahindutse. Kugaragaza inyungu ku gukomeza kubaho bisaba ibimenyetso by'uko uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwongera igihe cyo kubaho, cyangwa igipimo gisimbura icyo gihe cyemejwe mu buryo bukomeye kuri ubwo buryo no kuri iryo tsinda ry'abantu. Amanota atabanya ibyago hagati y'abantu ntahita agaragaza ko guhindura ayo manota bihindura ibyo byago.

Ibyo abantu bavuga ku byababayeho nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwinshi icyarimwe bifite ikindi kibazo. Iyo umuntu ahinduriye rimwe indyo, imyitozo ngororamubiri, ibitotsi, inyunganiramirire nyinshi n'ubururu bwa metilene, iterambere rikurikiraho ntirishobora kwerekana uruhare rw'ubururu bwa metilene rwonyine. Gukora ibizamini kenshi no gutangaza gusa ibisubizo byatoranyijwe bishobora kurushaho kuyobya uko ibintu bigaragara. Izo nkuru zishobora kubyara ibibazo by'ubushakashatsi, ariko ntizishobora kubara imyaka yungutswe.

Icyo ibi bivuze ku cyemezo kijyanye no kuramba

Ibyabonetse bihari bishyigikira ko hakorwa ubundi bushakashatsi, ntabwo byemeza ingano cyangwa gahunda yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo umuntu arambe. Kubukoresha mu rwego rwo kwirinda mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi byasaba ibimenyetso ku ngaruka mbi zigenda ziyongera uko igihe gishira, kimwe n'ibimenyetso ku nyungu. Amakuru ari ku kirango cy'umuti uterwa inshinge ubu agaragaza imikoranire ikomeye n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine, kandi akabuza kuwukoresha ku bafite ibura rya G6PD kubera ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ntabwo yemeza ikoreshwa ryawo mu kanwa igihe kirekire hagamijwe kurwanya gusaza.

Mbere yo gutekereza kuwukoresha ku giti cyawe, soma ingaruka mbi n'ibihe utagomba gukoreshwamo, kandi uganire n'umuganga ku gicuruzwa nyacyo no ku rutonde rw'imiti ukoresha. Mu gusuzuma icyemezo kijyanye no kuramba, saba kumenya ikinyabuzima cyakoreweho ubushakashatsi, inzira ikinyabutabire cyatanzwemo, igihe cyatanzwe, icyakoreshejwe mu kugereranya n'igipimo nyacyo cy'ibisubizo. Niba igipimo cy'ibisubizo ari imikurire y'uturemangingo cyangwa amanota y'ikizamini, icyemezo gikwiye kuguma kivuga ku mikurire y'uturemangingo cyangwa kuri ayo manota y'ikizamini.