Isihloko
Yini esesixazululweni se-methylene blue? Ukufunda izithako
Isixazululo se-methylene blue siqukethe udayi oncibilikiswe oketshezini. Okunye esikuqukethe kuncike ekwakhekeni kwaso. Eminye imikhiqizo iqukethe i-methylene blue namanzi kuphela; eminye ihlanganisa utshwala, inhlanganisela elungisa i-pH, izivimbeli zokonakala, noma izithako ezisebenzayo ezengeziwe. Amagama athi “isixazululo se-methylene blue” awachazi yonke indlela esakhiwe ngayo.
Funda uhlu lwezithako kanye nokugxila kukadayi nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Lokhu kuphendula imibuzo ehlukene: yini ekhona, ungakanani udayi okhona, nokuthi umkhiqizo ophelile unikezelwa ukuze wenzeni. Uhlu olufushane lwezithako alukwazi ukuphendula yomithathu.
Qala ngodayi nesincibilikisi
I-methylene blue ingavela futhi ngegama elithi methylthioninium chloride. Yiyo enikeza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlukile. Amanzi ayisincibilikisi ekwakhekeni okusekelwe emanzini: awuketshezi okuncibilikiswe kulo udayi. Igama elithi “aqueous” lichaza umkhiqizo olungiselelwe ngamanzi, kodwa aliqinisekisi ukuthi amanzi awukuphela koketshezi noma ukuthi azikho ezinye izithako ezifakiwe.
Ukugxila kuhlukile ekutheni isithako siyini. Ilebula elithi 1% ngesisindo ngevolumu lisho ukuthi kune-1 gram ye-methylene blue ku-100 mL wesixazululo sokugcina, okulingana no-10 mg/mL. Akusho ukuthi impushana inobumsulwa obungu-1%, noma ukuthi ibhodlela liqukethe amanzi angu-1%. Lapho uqhathanisa isixazululo se-methylene blue esesilungisiwe nempushana, hlukanisa inani likadayi nevolumu ephelele yoketshezi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamalebula ezithako okunamanothi
Ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo kusebenzisa izincazelo ezimbili ezishicilelwe zemikhiqizo kanye nokwakheka okukodwa kwesixazululo saselabhorethri. Kubonisa ukuthi amagama ezithako afanayo angaba semikhiqizweni enezimfuneko nezinhloso ezihlukene. Le mikhiqizo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
| Ukwakheka | Izingxenye ezishiwo | Indlela yokuchaza ulwazi |
|---|---|---|
| Isixazululo se-Blupreme esingu-1% esisekelwe emanzini | I-methylene blue yezinga le-USP namanzi ahlanziwe; abukho utshwala, izithako zokunambithisa, okokwenza kube mnandi, noma izivimbeli zokonakala ezifakiwe | Izithako ezimbili ezishiwo. Isitatimende esithi 1% sichaza ukugxila kukadayi, hhayi ubumsulwa balo lonke uketshezi. |
| Umjovo we-PROVAYBLUE | I-methylene blue engu-5 mg/mL namanzi okujova | Ilebula liphinde lichaze umkhiqizo ongenawo amagciwane, ojovwa emthanjeni futhi odinga incwadi kadokotela. Lezo zici azinakucatshangwa ngokuba khona kukadayi namanzi kuphela. |
| Udayi we-methylene blue ka-Loeffler encwadini ye-FDA yelabhorethri | I-methylene blue, i-ethanol, nesixazululo se-potassium hydroxide esihlanjululiwe | Udayi owakhelwe ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri. Utshwala nezimo ze-alkali kuyingxenye yendlela yokwenza lesi senzi samakhemikhali, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi zonke izixazululo ze-methylene blue zidinga lezi zithako. |
Ulwazi olushicilelwe lwe-Blupreme mayelana nokwakheka komkhiqizo lucacisa ukwakheka ngezithako ezimbili okuboniswe ngenhla. Leso yisitatimende sokwakheka komkhiqizo. Akufanele sandiswe sibe isimangalo sokuthi akukho ngisho nomkhondo omncane wanoma yikuphi ukungcola okungenzeka, noma sokuthi ukungafaki izithasiselo kuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa.
Ulwazi lwe-PROVAYBLUE lokuyinikeza ngokwencwadi kadokotela lubonisa ukuthi kungani incazelo yomkhiqizo ophelile ibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwezithako, lucacisa ukungabi namagciwane, ukujovwa emthanjeni, ukugxila, nokupakishwa. Ibhodlela elijwayelekile eliqukethe i-methylene blue namanzi alibi elifanele ukujova ngenxa yokuthi amagama ezithako zalo afana nalolo hlu.
Indlela ye-FDA yokwakha udayi ka-Loeffler ibonisa inkinga ephambene: igama likadayi elijwayelekile lingafihla umkhiqizo olungiselelwe ngendlela engajwayelekile. Uma usebenza elabhorethri, hlola yonke imininingwane edingekayo yesenzi samakhemikhali ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isixazululo esilula esisekelwe emanzini esikhundleni saso.
Uhlu lwezincazelo zemisebenzi yezithako
Sebenzisa lolu hlu lwezincazelo ukuze wengeze amanothi elebuleni. Isithako singaba nemisebenzi engaphezu kowodwa; umkhiqizi kufanele acacise indima yaso lapho ilebula lingayicacisi.
| Igama eliselebeleni | Umsebenzi ekwakhekeni komkhiqizo | Umbuzo owusizo wokulandela |
|---|---|---|
| I-methylene blue | Udayi oshiwo noma into esebenzayo, kuye ngenhloso yomkhiqizo | Kungakanani ukugxila kwayo futhi iluphi uhlobo lwayo lwamakhemikhali olushiwo? |
| Amanzi noma amanzi ahlanziwe | Isincibilikisi noma uketshezi oluthwala izithako | Yiziphi izimfuneko zamanzi nezinyathelo zokulawula umkhiqizo ophelile ezisebenzayo? |
| I-ethanol | Isincibilikisi noma isincibilikisi esisebenza kanye nesinye; injongo yaso incike endleleni umkhiqizo olungiselelwe ngayo | Ingabe utshwala bufakwa ngamabomu, futhi kungakanani ukugxila kwabo? |
| Isivimbeli sokonakala | Sivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ekwakhekeni komkhiqizo | Ingabe ukusebenza kwaso kuqinisekisiwe kulo mkhiqizo othile? |
| Isigcini se-pH noma isilungisi se-pH | Sigcina noma sishintsha izinga le-asidi noma le-alkali | Ingabe kunebanga le-pH elibekiwe lokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe? |
| Isithako sokunambithisa noma okokwenza kube mnandi | Sishintsha izici ezizwakala ngezinzwa | Ingabe konke ukwakheka kudaluliwe, kuhlanganise nezithako ezithinta abantu abazwelayo kuzo? |
| Isithako esisebenzayo esengeziwe | Sengeza isenzo esihlukile esihlosiwe emzimbeni noma esiphathelene nemithi | Singakanani, futhi ibuphi ubufakazi obuphathelene nale nhlanganisela? |
Emithini, elithi “excipient” lisho ingxenye engeyona into esebenzayo, efakwa ngenhloso ethile. Incazelo ye-European Medicines Agency yezithako ezisizayo iphinde iveze umehluko owusizo: isithako esichazwa njengesingasebenzi singaba nomphumela ezimweni ezithile. Elithi “esingasebenzi” alisona isithembiso sokuthi asibalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu noma kuzo zonke izindlela zokusetshenziswa.
Okushiwo ngempela ukungabi natshwala nokungabi nazivimbeli zokonakala
Ukwakheka okungenatshwala akufaki utshwala obufakwa ngamabomu njengoketshezi oluthwala izithako, ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizi. Lokhu akuthathi indawo yokuhlola izinsalela zezincibilikisi esithakweni. Insalela evela ekukhiqizweni nesincibilikisi esifakwe ngamabomu kuyizigaba ezihlukene, ezihlolwa ngamarekhodi ahlukene.
Ngokufanayo, ukungabi nazivimbeli zokonakala kuchaza ukukhetha okwenziwe ekwakheni umkhiqizo. Akuqinisekisi ukungabi namagciwane, ukusebenza kangcono, noma ukuzinza okungapheli. Ukuba khona kwesivimbeli sokonakala nakho akuqinisekisi ikhwalithi ephansi. Umbuzo obalulekile uthi ingabe ukwakheka komkhiqizo ophelile kuyahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezihlosiwe.
Isiqondiso se-FDA ngezivimbeli zokonakala ekukhiqizweni kwemithi sihlukanisa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesivimbeli sokonakala nokukala inani laso elikhona. Siphinde sithi izivimbeli zokonakala akufanele zithathe indawo yezindlela ezinhle zokukhiqiza. Ukubhala nje isivimbeli sokonakala ohlwini akukwazi ukubonisa ukuthi amagciwane alawulwa ngokwanele.
Isikhathi umkhiqizo ongahlala ngaso ngaphambi kokuphelelwa sidinga ubufakazi obuhlukile. I-FDA ichaza ukuthi izinsuku zokuphelelwa kwemithi zincike emininingwaneni yokuzinza nasezimweni zokugcina ezibhalwe elebuleni. Ungasebenzisi isikhathi sokugcina solunye uhlobo lomkhiqizo ngenxa yokuthi yomibili ibala amanzi ne-methylene blue. Hlola ukupakishwa kwangempela kanye nemiyalelo yokugcina neyesikhathi sokuphelelwa eqondene nomkhiqizo, kuhlanganise nanoma yimiphi imiyalelo yangemva kokuvula.
Izingxube ezinezithako eziningi zidinga ukuqhathaniswa okuhlukile
Ake sithi omunye umkhiqizo uqukethe i-methylene blue emanzini, kanti omunye uqukethe ne-caffeine nezinto eziningana ezikhishwe ezitshalweni. Ngisho noma ukugxila kwe-methylene blue kufana, le mikhiqizo ihlukile ngaphezu kwendlela eyethulwa ngayo. Umphumela obikwe ngemva kokusebenzisa ingxube awunakuhlotshaniswa ngokuzenzakalela ne-methylene blue. Ezinye izithako, amanani azo, ukusebenzisana kwazo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa kusalokhu kuyizincazelo ezingaba khona.
Lo mkhawulo uyasebenza nasezimpawini ezingafuneki. Ubufakazi bomsebenzisi obuqamba kuphela isithako esigqanyisiwe bushiya ulwazi olungase lubaluleke. Ukuze udokotela noma usokhemisi ahlole lokho umuntu akusebenzisile noma ahlangabezane nakho, gcina lonke uhlu lwezithako, amanani, inombolo yeqoqo, izikhathi, neminye imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngezimpawu esikhundleni sokuhlola ukuthi zibangelwe yini ngokuphinda usebenzise noma uhlangabezane nalowo mkhiqizo.
Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubalulekile futhi lapho ushintsha phakathi kwamaswidi athambile ahlafunwayo namaconsi awuketshezi noma kwamaphilisi angamakhaphuseli, amaphilisi acindezelwe, noketshezi. Qhathanisa konke ukwakheka ngeyunithi eshiwo, hhayi isithako esigqanyiswe elebuleni elingaphambili kuphela.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha umkhiqizo, thola konke ukwakheka kwawo, ukugxila, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, nemibhalo esekelayo. Ngakunye kuphendula umbuzo ohlukile. Uhlu lwezithako luyisiqalo salokho kuhlola, hhayi isiphetho sakho.