I-methylene blue ne-herpes: izilonda zomlomo, i-EBV, nokungasebenzi ngenxa yokukhanya

Igama elinye limele iingcamango ezimbini kule ngxoxo, kwaye kufuneka zinikwe amagama ahlukeneyo. Ingcamango yokuqala kukwenziwa kwesuntswana lentsholongwane lingasebenzi: idayi, ioksijini nokukhanya zidibana nesuntswana lentsholongwane kulwelo zize zilonakalise ukuze lingakwazi ukuphindaphindeka. Ingcamango yesibini kukunyanga usulelo emntwini: izilonda zomlomo ezimbalwa, ukuphola ngokukhawuleza, ukukhutshwa kwentsholongwane okuncinane, okanye umlinganiselo ophantsi we-Epstein-Barr. Eyokuqala iboniswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex elabhoratri. Eyesibini ayikaboniswa nge-methylene blue ethathwa ngomlomo ngokuchasene ne-herpes simplex okanye intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr. Xa lo mahluko ucacisiwe, kulula ukuhlela uncwadi lophando.

Kukho nokunye ukudideka okuhambisana nako. I-HSV ne-EBV zikwintsapho enye enkulu yeentsholongwane kodwa zibangela izifo ezahlukeneyo kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo. Isilonda se-herpes emlonyeni sisilonda esingaphezulu apho intsholongwane iphindaphindeka khona ngendlela etshabalalisa iiseli: idayi inokuthanjiswa kuso kwaye ukukhanya kunokujoliswa kwakuloo ndawo. I-EBV ihlala ifihlakele koovimba beeseli ze-B abasasazeke egazini nakwiithishu zenkqubo ye-lymph, apho idayi eqatywayo okanye isibane esibomvu zingenakufikelela kuwo wonke uvimba. Isiphumo kwimeko enye asidluliselwa kwenye. Abafundi abafuna indlela ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kolu hlelo baya kuyifumana kwisikhokelo sokufunda uphando nge-methylene blue.

Ukwenziwa kwe-HSV engaphandle kweeseli ingasebenzi elabhoratri: ukukhanya kuyafuneka

Uvavanyo lokuqala oluthe ngqo lwasebenzisa iisampulu ezisandul’ ukwahlulwa kwizigulana endaweni yohlobo olunye lwelabhoratri. Kuphononongo luka-1975 lokwenziwa kwe-herpesvirus hominis ingasebenzi ngefotodayinamiki, iisampulu ezingama-37 ezisuka kwizilonda zamalungu esini nezomlomo zaxutywa ne-methylene blue ekuxinaniseni kwe-10 micromolar, zagcinwa iyure enye ebumnyameni, zaza zahlulwa zaba ngamacandelo agcinwa ebumnyameni nakukhanya. Icandelo lokukhanya lavezwa imizuzu emihlanu kwizibane ezimbini zohlobo lwe-fluorescent ezine-15 watt ngasinye, kumgama we-15 cm. Kwiisampulu ezingama-37, ezingama-27 zalahlekelwa sisakhono esinokubonwa sokosulela kuphela ekukhanyeni, kwaye kwezi-4 eso sakhono sehla ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-100. Iisampulu zolawulo ezigcinwe ebumnyameni zasigcina isakhono sokosulela: ngaphandle kokukhanya, oku kuxinanisa akuzange kuyicime yonke intsholongwane kwisampulu.

Uphononongo lwamva lwabonisa indlela isiphumo sedayi nje kunye nokukhanya esinokuba sincinane ngayo kwezinye iimeko. Kuvavanyo luka-1979 lwe-methylene blue, ukukhanya nombane kwi-HSV-1 ne-HSV-2, idayi ekuxinaniseni kwe-10 micromolar kunye nokukhanya kwesibane somsonto oshushu kangangemizuzwana eyi-180 kwehlisa i-HSV-1 ekwaziyo ukosulela malunga ne-60 percent, phantse i-0.4 log. Kuphela kukongezwa komsinga omncinane wombane othe ngqo okwabangela ukuba kwaloo nkqubo idlule kwilahleko ye-99.99 percent. Ukukhanya kuphela, umsinga kuphela, nokukhanya kunye nomsinga ngaphandle kwedayi kwenza okuncinane. Isiphumo esikhulu sasifuna izixhobo zombane, ngoko eli phepha alifanele licatshulwe njengobungqina bokuba idayi eqhelekileyo nesibane zidla ngokubulala intsholongwane ngomlinganiselo we-4 log.

Uphando lweendlela zokusebenza lwalandela ngokubuza ukuba amasuntswana anyangiweyo ayesenokwenza ntoni. Uphononongo luka-1980 kwi-Journal of Clinical Investigation ngeendlela zefotodayinamiki kwi-HSV lwafumana ukuqhawuka komsonto omnye kwi-DNA yentsholongwane, kungekho kuqhawuka kwemisonto yomibini njengowona monakalo uphambili: amasuntswana anyangiweyo ayesakwazi ukuncamathela nokungena kwiiseli, kodwa ukuvuthwa kwawo kwanqumama. Uphononongo luka-1997 lomjikelo wosulelo emva kwe-methylene blue nokukhanya lwaqinisekisa oku ngedayi ekuxinaniseni kwe-1 micromolar nokukhanya okubomvu: kwakungekho kutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kweqokobhe, ukungena nokukhutshwa kwe-DNA kwakungaphazamisekanga, kodwa ukuphindaphindeka kwakuphelisiwe kukonakala kwe-DNA okuxhomekeke ekukhanyisweni. Uthelekiso luka-1995 lweoksijini ye-singlet lwabonisa indima yeoksijini ye-singlet, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ihambisana neentshukumo zekhemistri zeeradikali. Iinkcukacha zendlela i-methylene blue efunxa ngayo ukukhanya ize ivelise ioksijini esebenza ngokwekhemistri zichaza isizathu sokuba idayi, ioksijini neefotoni kufuneka zidibane kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Owona mboniso ucacileyo wamanani uvela kuphando lweemveliso zegazi, olukwasisilumkiso esicacileyo sokungafundi ngaphezu koko kubonisiweyo. Kuphononongo luka-2013 lokunciphisa iintsholongwane kwi-plasma kusetyenziswa ii-LED ezibomvu ezine-627 nm, i-HSV eyongezwe kwi-plasma yehla malunga ne-5.2 log kwi-1 micromolar kunye ne-6.0 log kwi-10 micromolar emva kwemizuzu engama-60. Oko kukususwa kongcoliseko kulwelo olukhanyisiweyo, hayi ukunyanga intsholongwane efihlakeleyo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo, kwaye akuxeli oko kwenziwa sisisombululo esiginyiweyo ngaphakathi emzimbeni omnyama.

Unyango lwasekuhlaleni lwezilonda: uphando oluncinane, oludala, noluneziphumo ezixubeneyo

Iingxelo zonyango lwasekuhlaleni zithambisa idayi kwisilonda zize zisikhanyise, nto leyo ubuncinane egcina ilungiselelo laselabhoratri. Eyokuqala yingxelo yesigulana esine-eczema herpeticum, usulelo lwe-HSV olusasazekileyo olongezelelwa kwi-eczema. Ingxelo ka-1975 nge-eczema herpeticum, i-methylene blue nokukhanya yachaza ukuphucuka okukhawulezayo emva kokufakwa kwedayi nokukhanya kwindawo echaphazelekayo; idayi ye-10 micromolar yayibulala intsholongwane ekukhanyeni kodwa ingayibulali ebumnyameni. Amagqabantshintshi achaza ukuba isisombululo se-0.1 percent safakwa kwisiqingatha sendawo ukuze kuthelekiswe iindawo kwisigulana esinye. Njengobungqina bezilonda zomlomo, oku kukuqwalaselwa kwesigulana esinye okwakusenziwa ngelo xesha, kunomlinganiselo ongachanekanga wedosi yokukhanya.

Uthotho lwembali olukhulu lwaluphathelele izilonda zamalungu esini. Kuthotho luka-1975 lwezigulana ezingama-56 ezine-herpes yamalungu esini, ezingama-36 zafumana i-methylene blue, kodwa kuphela ezingama-35 zokuqala ezabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga phakathi kweedayi ezintathu, ngoko iqela lalingelovavanyo olucwangciswe kakuhle. Kwaxelwa ukuba malunga ne-70 percent yezigulana ezinyangiweyo ezazinokuphinda kuvele izilonda zaphucuka kwisithuba esimalunga neeyure ezingama-48, kodwa ukuphinda kuvele kwezilonda akuzange kunciphe kakhulu. Ukukhanyiswa ekhaya ngesibane se-fluorescent okanye ngelanga kwakungalawulwa. Ukuphucuka kwesilonda esikhoyo ngaphandle kokuncipha kokuphinda kuvele kwezilonda kuhambelana nenkqubo yasekuhlaleni echaphazela isilonda esikhoyo kodwa ingachaphazeli uvimba wentsholongwane efihlakeleyo. Kwaeso silumkiso siyasebenza kwiiprothokholi zonyango lwefotodayinamiki ezisebenzisa i-methylene blue.

Uvavanyo lwale mihla lwezilonda zomlomo luncinane kwaye alufikeleli kwiziphumo ezivumelanayo. Uthotho luka-2009 lwezigulana ezine ezine-herpes labialis lwasebenzisa idayi ye-0.01 percent nelaser ye-660 nm kwi-120 J nge-square cm lwaza lwaxela ukuphola okukhawulezayo, kodwa lwalungenalo iqela lolawulo kwaye lwalandelwa luvuselelo lwebhayoloji ngokukhanya, njengoko kuchaziwe kuthotho lweengxelo zezigulana luka-2009 lwefotodayinamiki kwi-herpes labialis. Ukwabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwezigulana ezingama-75 kwifotodayinamiki, kwi-acyclovir eqatywayo, okanye kuzo zombini akufumananga mahluko kwixesha lokuphola okanye kwintlungu, ngokutsho kovavanyo luka-2021 lonyango lwefotodayinamiki ne-acyclovir. Uvavanyo lwezigulana ezingama-24 ezabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga, olwalusebenzisa i-qPCR ye-HSV-1, alufumananga mahluko ekupheleni kwezilonda okanye ekuphindeni kwazo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye, njengoko kuchaziwe kuvavanyo luka-2025 olucwangciswe ngokwabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga lonyango lwefotodayinamiki oluchasene neentsholongwane kwi-herpes simplex. Uvavanyo luka-2025 lwezigulana ezingama-60, olwaludibanisa ifotodayinamiki yedayi, uvuselelo lwebhayoloji ngokukhanya nokukhutshwa kolwelo kumaqamza, lwaxela ukukhululeka kwintlungu okukhawulezayo okungenakubalelwa kwidayi, ngokutsho kwengxelo ka-2025 edibanisa ifotodayinamiki novuselelo lwebhayoloji ngokukhanya.

Iingxelo ngeziphumo ezingathandekiyo apha zinqongophele. Amaphepha ka-1975 akanazo iindlela zale mihla zokuzichonga. Uphando oluncinane lwamva lwaxela iziphumo ezikhawulezayo ezimbalwa okanye ukungabikho kwazo, kodwa ukushiya umbala oluhlaza yinto eyenzeka ngenxa yedayi, kwaye ukucaphuka kwendawo okubangelwa yityhefu evela ekukhanyeni kusenokwenzeka. Ukufakwa kombala kunye nesibane kwahlukile ekuginyeni idayi, yiyo loo nto irekhodi yokhuseleko lwe-methylene blue ixoxa ngeendlela zokuyisebenzisa ngokwahlukeneyo.

I-EBV: akukho bungqina buthe ngqo nge-methylene blue

Kwi-EBV, ukhangelo alufumani bungqina. Akukho vavanyo lwaselabhoratri oluhlolwe ngoontanga okanye uvavanyo olulawulwayo olufunyenwe kolu phononongo olubonisa ukuba i-methylene blue, inokukhanya okanye ingenako, inciphisa isakhono sokosulela se-EBV, icinezela ukuvuseleleka kwayo, okanye yehlisa umlinganiselo wentsholongwane ebantwini. Uphando ngeeseli zomhlaza we-nasopharynx ezine-EBV lusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezenza iiseli zibe novakalelo ekukhanyeni kwaye lulinganisa ukuphila kweeseli zethumba, hayi ukususwa kwentsholongwane nge-methylene blue. Uphononongo lubala i-EBV phakathi kweentsholongwane ezifuna uvavanyo lwexesha elizayo, hayi phakathi kwezizathu ezisele ziqinisekisiwe zokusebenzisa olu nyango.

Ibhayoloji icacisa isizathu sokuba isiphumo se-HSV kwityhubhu singenakusetyenziswa kwenye imeko. Unyango lwesilonda somlomo lubeka zonke iimfuno ezintathu, idayi, ioksijini neefotoni, kumphezulu omnye ofikelelekayo. I-EBV efihlakeleyo ihlala ikakhulu kwiiseli ze-B ezisasazeke egazini nakwiithishu zenkqubo ye-lymph. Ukukhanya okubomvu okujoliswe kumphezulu akunakufikelela kulo vimba usasazekileyo, kwaye idayi eginyiweyo ayiboneleli ngokukhanya okujoliswe kwezo ndawo. Ukubulala iseli yethumba ene-EBV ngento eyahlukileyo eyenza uvakalelo ekukhanyeni kukubulala iseli, hayi ubungqina besenzo esichasene nentsholongwane. Lo msantsa ubalulekile xa kufundwa indlela umlinganiselo wentsholongwane neempawu zokuvuseleleka kwayo ezilinganiswa ngayo ngokwenene.

Unyango oluthathwa ngomlomo nempazamo yokutolika ixesha elingenakuphinda kuvele izilonda

Akukho vavanyo olulawulwayo ebantwini olufunyenwe kolu phononongo olubonisa ukuba i-methylene blue esebenza kuwo wonke umzimba okanye ethathwa ngomlomo inciphisa ukuphinda kuvele kwezilonda zomlomo, ikhawulezisa ukuphola, yehlisa ukukhutshwa kwentsholongwane, okanye itshintsha nasiphi na isiphumo esilinganiswayo se-EBV, njengamanani eekopi ze-DNA egazini okanye ematheni okanye iimpawu ezichaziweyo zokuphindaphindeka okutshabalalisa iiseli. Uncwadi nge-herpes ebantwini lusebenzisa idayi eqatywayo kunye nokukhanya kwendawo. Ukunikwa kwedayi ukuze isebenze kuwo wonke umzimba ngaphandle kokukhanya okujoliswe kwindawo ethile linyathelo elahlukileyo kwaye lifuna uvavanyo lwalo: ukwabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga, ukufihlwa kokuba ngubani ofumana oluphi unyango, nolawulo nge-placebo, kunye nezigulana eziqinisekisiweyo ezinokuphinda kuvele izilonda, ixesha lokuqala lokumisela izinga lesiqhelo, ukujongwa kokuchanabeka okuchazwe kwangaphambili, ukulandelelwa kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini, ukuthathwa kweesampulu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kusetyenziswa i-qPCR, ukurekhodwa kwezinto ezivusa izilonda, nokubekwa esweni kokhuseleko. Imigaqo ngokubanzi yokunikwa nokufunxwa kwe-methylene blue ngomlomo ayinakuthatha indawo yezo ziphumo zilinganisiweyo.

Kulapha apho ibali eliqhelekileyo lisilela khona. Umntu uqala iindlela ezininzi ngaxeshanye, axele ukuba akabinazilonda zomlomo kangangeenyanga, aze athi kungenxa yenye yazo. Iziganeko ze-HSV ziyasondelelana zize zinyamalale kangangeenyanga ngaphandle kokuba intsholongwane isuswe kumaqela eeseli zemithambo-luvo yeemvakalelo. Izinto ezivusa izilonda ziyaguquka, okulindelwe ngumntu kuyayitshintsha indlela axela ngayo, kwaye nethuba nje lodwa lidala izikhewu. Xa kukho iinguqu ezininzi ngaxeshanye, akukho meko yokuthelekisa ebonisa into ebiza kwenzeka ngaphandle kwenye yazo ukuze isikhewu sibalelwe kwelo candelo. Uthotho luka-1975 lwe-herpes yamalungu esini lwabonisa imeko echaseneyo: ukuphucuka kwezilonda ezikhoyo ngoxa ukuphinda kuvele kwazo kungaphucukanga. Ukuphilisa izilonda zeli xesha akuyongcamango enye nokuthintela ezexesha elizayo.

Itheyibhile yobungqina ngokwentsholongwane nemeko

Intsholongwane nemeko	Indlela esetyenzisiweyo	Isiphumo esiphambili	Into engenakuboniswa yiyo
Iisampulu ze-HSV ezahluliweyo, ezingenazo iiseli, 1975, n=37	Idayi ye-10 micromolar, isibane se-fluorescent 5 min	Ezingama-27 zenziwa zingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo ekukhanyeni, ezi-4 zehla ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-100, iisampulu zolawulo ezisebumnyameni azichaphazelekanga	Ukuphola kwezigulana, ukususwa kwentsholongwane efihlakeleyo, idosi yabantu
Amasuntswana e-HSV-1 ne-HSV-2, 1979	Idayi ye-10 micromolar, ukukhanya kwesibane somsonto oshushu 180 s, kukho umsinga wombane okanye ungekho	Idayi nokukhanya kuphela kwehlisa malunga ne-60 percent; ngaphezu kwe-99.99 percent kuphela xa kongezwe umsinga	Ukuba idayi eqhelekileyo nesibane zinika elona zinga liphezulu lokubulala
Indlela yokusebenza kwi-genome ye-HSV, 1980 no-1997	Idayi ekuxinaniseni okuphantsi kwe-micromolar kunye nokukhanya	Ukungena kugciniwe, umonakalo womsonto omnye we-DNA, ukuphindaphindeka kuthintelwe, ukonakala kuyanda ngexesha lokukhanyiswa	Ukubulawa ngokuthe ngqo kweeseli esele zosulelekile
I-HSV kwi-plasma yabantu, 2013	Idayi ye-1 ne-10 micromolar, ii-LED ze-627 nm, 60 min	Ukwehla malunga ne-5.2 ne-6.0 log	Unyango lomlomo okanye isiphumo kwintsholongwane efihlakeleyo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo
I-eczema herpeticum, 1975, ingxelo yesigulana	I-0.1 percent eqatywa kwisiqingatha sendawo kunye nokukhanya	Kwaxelwa ukuphucuka okukhawulezayo kweempawu zesigulana nemilinganiselo yentsholongwane	Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwizilonda zomlomo; idosi yokukhanya ayinakufunyanwa kwingxelo
I-herpes yamalungu esini, 1975, izigulana ezingama-56	I-0.1 percent eqatywayo, ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent okanye kwelanga ekhaya	Ukuphucuka kweempawu ezikhoyo malunga ne-70 percent; ukuphinda kuvele kwezilonda akunciphanga kakhulu	Ukuthintelwa kokuphinda kuvele kwezilonda
I-herpes labialis, 2009, n=4	I-0.01 percent, 660 nm, 120 J nge-square cm, emva koko uvuselelo lwebhayoloji ngokukhanya	Kwaxelwa ukuphola okukhawulezayo	Isiphumo esibangelwa yidayi; ukuphinda kuvele kwezilonda akuchazwanga
I-herpes labialis ephindayo, 2021, n=75	Ifotodayinamiki ye-0.005 percent xa ithelekiswa ne-acyclovir okanye zombini	Akukho mahluko kwixesha lokuphola okanye kwintlungu	Ukubulawa kwamasuntswana entsholongwane
I-herpes simplex yomlomo, 2025, n=24	Ifotodayinamiki echasene neentsholongwane xa ithelekiswa ne-acyclovir, kusetyenziswa i-qPCR	Akukho mahluko ekupheleni kwezilonda okanye ekuphindeni kwazo kunyaka omnye	Inzuzo kuwo wonke umzimba okanye kwi-EBV
I-herpes labialis ephindayo, 2025, n=60	Ifotodayinamiki edityaniswe novuselelo lwebhayoloji ngokukhanya nokukhutshwa kolwelo	Ukukhululeka kwintlungu okukhawulezayo kwiqela lonyango oludityanisiweyo	Isiphumo se-methylene blue kuphela
I-EBV, nayiphi na imeko ebantwini	Nayiphi na indlela yokusebenzisa i-methylene blue	Akukho phononongo luthe ngqo lufunyenweyo; akukho siphumo sibonisiweyo kumlinganiselo wentsholongwane okanye ekuvuselelekeni kwayo	Ukusebenzisa ukwenziwa kwe-HSV ingasebenzi ngokukhanya njengobungqina be-EBV
Ukusetyenziswa kuwo wonke umzimba okanye ngomlomo kwi-HSV okanye kwi-EBV	Idayi ethathwa ngomlomo okanye enikwa ukuze isebenze kuwo wonke umzimba ngaphandle kokukhanya okujoliswe kwindawo ethile	Akukho vavanyo olulawulwayo oluchasene neentsholongwane lufunyenweyo	Inzuzo kwiimpawu zesigulana okanye kwimilinganiselo yentsholongwane

Indlela yokusebenzisa obu bungqina

Buza imibuzo emine ngomthombo ngamnye ocatshuliweyo. Kukukhanya okanye bubumnyama, kuba ukubulala ngefotodayinamiki akuxeli ukubulala kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngamasuntswana entsholongwane akhululekileyo, sisilonda esikhoyo, okanye nguvimba wentsholongwane efihlakeleyo, kuba kuphela yinto ekujoliswe kuyo ehambelana nebango enokuliphendula. Sisakhono sokosulela, kukuphola, kukuphinda kuvele kwezilonda, okanye ngumlinganiselo wentsholongwane, kuba inani lesakhono sokosulela alinako ukuphendula umbuzo wokuphinda kuvele kwezilonda. Yi-HSV okanye yi-EBV, kuba isilonda esifikelelekayo novimba osasazekileyo weeseli ze-B ziingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ubungqina obukhoyo buxhasa ibango elinye elimxinwa: i-methylene blue inokwenza i-HSV ingasebenzi ngamandla ngokukhanya xa intsholongwane engaphandle kweeseli idibana nedayi, ioksijini nokukhanya okufanelekileyo. Ubungqina bonyango olunokubaluleka kwiimpawu zezilonda eziphindayo bunqongophele kwaye buxubene, ubungqina bokuthintela ngokuthatha ngomlomo abukho, kwaye ubungqina obuthe ngqo besiphumo esichasene ne-EBV abukho. Ixesha elizolileyo elingenazilonda zomlomo ngexesha lenkqubo edibanisa unyango oluninzi alitshintshi nanye kwezi zinto.