Dura retsvakurudzo yemethylene blue: miedzo muvanhu nezvidzidzo zvekuyedza

Kutsvaga methylene blue kunounza zviuru zvemapepa. Chidzidzo chakaitwa mundiro yemurabhoritari, chakaitwa mumakonzo, nechakaitwa muvazvipiri makumi maviri nevatanhatu zvinobuda murondedzero imwe chete zvichiita sezvine huremu hwakaenzana. Hazvitsivi chimwe nechimwe, uye musiyano uripo pakati pazvo ndiwo unowanzogadzirisa mubvunzo wawanga uinawo.

Peji rino irondedzero kwete mutongo. Rinoronga dura rinoshandiswa remapepa 130 emethylene blue maererano nezvinhu zvina zvinoshandura zvingakuudzwa nepepa: nhanho yakaitirwa kuyedza, boka rakadzidzwa, nzira yekupa mushonga nechiyero chawo, uye chimiro chekomboni yakashandiswa. Tafura yeuchapupu inosefeka, yakagadzirwa kubva mudura rimwe chete, inowanikwawo pamwe chete nechinyorwa chino.

Zviri mudura rino chaizvo

Mapepa 130 anotangira muna 1928 kusvika muna 2026. Gumi nemapfumbamwe akanyorwa gore ra2000 risati rasvika. Makore ekuma2010 akapa 59, ekuma2020 awedzera 29 kusvika pari zvino, uye ekuma2000 akawedzera 23.

Mamiriro emuunganidzwa uyu anokosha kupfuura kukura kwawo. Mapepa makumi mashanu ndeezvidzidzo zvemhuka dzakakwana. Makumi matatu nemana anodzidza matishu, masero, kana ropa zviri kunze kwemuviri. Masere anoshandisa mitochondria dzakaparadzaniswa, mashanu anoita bvunzo dzemamorekuru kana dzebiochemistry, uye makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe iongororo dzezvidzidzo, tsinhiro, kana nhoroondo. Mana anopa vanhu methylene blue. Chimwe nechimwe chezvidzidzo zvina izvozvo chinodzidza methylene blue muvazvipiri vane utano kana vanhu vakuru vane utano.

Nhamba iyoyo haisi kutaura kuti methylene blue haisati yamboyedzwa muvarwere; kurapwa kwakabvumidzwa kwemethemoglobinemia uye encephalopathy ine chekuita neifosfamide kunotsamira pakushandiswa mukurapa kunongofukidzwa zvishoma nedura rino. Inongotsanangura zvichawanikwa pano nemuverengi, uye inoshandura maverengerwo anofanira kuitwa zvimwe zviri muunganidzwa. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvemhuka nemasero zvinopa uchapupu hwakanaka pamusoro pemaitiro ekushanda. Hazvipi uchapupu pamusoro pezvinoitika mumunhu anomedza kapsule.

Zvidzidzo zvina muvanhu, kusanganisira zviya zvakaburitsa zvakanga zvisingatarisirwi

Tsvakurudzo yakasimba zvikuru muvanhu iri mudura rino inobva kuboka rimwe revaongorori rinoita zvemifananidzo yeuropi.

Muedzo wakarongwa kutevera vanhu mberi, uchivaisa mumapoka zvisina kurerekera, vatori vechikamu nevaongorori vasingazivi kuti ndiani apiwa chii, uye uine boka rekuenzanisa rinopiwa placebo, wakatora vanhu makumi maviri nevatanhatu vane makore 22 kusvika 62 ukavapa chiyero chidiki chimwe chete chemethylene blue nemuromo kana placebo. Mhinduro yaionekwa nefunctional MRI yakawedzera muinsular cortex kumativi ose maviri panguva yebasa raida kuramba vakaisa pfungwa, uye muprefrontal, parietal, neoccipital cortex panguva yebasa rendangariro dzenguva pfupi. Mhinduro dzakarurama pakudzosa mashoko mundangariro dzakawedzera nezvikamu zvinomwe muzana, paine mukana wakataurwa we .01. Boka rimwe chete rakazoratidza mune chimwe chidzidzo chaiisa vanhu mumapoka zvisina kurerekera, vatori vechikamu nevaongorori vasingazivi kuti ndiani apiwa chii, uye chichienzanisa neplacebo, kuti chiyero chidiki chimwe chete chakapiwa nemuromo chakaderedza kuyerera kweropa muuropi mudandemutande rine chekuita nebasa panguva yebasa raibatanidza kuona nekufamba, uku chichisimbisa kubatana panguva yekuzorora munzvimbo dzinobatanidza kuona kwezvinhu nendangariro. Mishumo yakabudiswa iri paPubMed 27351678 nePubMed 26961091.

Chidzidzo chechitatu ndicho chaizosiyiwa chinyararire nepeji rinopfupikisa. Vaongorori vepaKing's College London vakapa zviyero zviviri mutsinga, 0.5 ne1 mg pakirogiramu muvanhu uye 2 ne4 mg pakirogiramu mumakonzo. Methylene blue yakaderedza kuyerera kweropa muuropi hwose mumarudzi ose ari maviri, yakaderedza mwero wekushandiswa kweokisijeni muuropi hwevanhu, uye yakaderedza mwero wekushandiswa kweglucose muuropi hwemakonzo. Vanyori vakanga vafungidzira zvakapesana nezvakabuda. Tsananguro yavakabudisa ndeyekuti zviyero zvacho, kunyange zvichishandiswa mukurapa, zvinogona kunge zviri pachikamu chinodzika chegirafu rehormesis rinoratidza hukama hwechiyero nemhinduro, uye kuti vazvipiri vane utano vane mashandisirwo ezvinhu muuropi akajairika havana mukana wakawanda wekuvandudzika. Rekodhi iri paPubMed 36803299.

Chidzidzo chechina chinoratidza musiyano wakajeka pakati pemarudzi ezvisikwa. Mumasero echiropa emakonzo uye mumakonzo akakwana, methylene blue yakawedzera oxidation yeethanol yakaiswa mucherechedzo kuita carbon dioxide nezvikamu 75 muzana nezvikamu 30 muzana, zvichitevedzana. Muvazvipiri vane utano, vakapiwa chiyero chakatevedzera chirongwa chinoshandiswa paifosfamide encephalopathy, hapana chakayerwa chakachinja: mafambiro nekugadziriswa kweethanol mumuviri hazvina kukanganiswa, uye kuchinja kwereshiyo yelactate nepyruvate kwaizoratidza kushanduka kwemamiriro eredox mumasero hakuna kuoneka. Kuyedza mumakonzo nekuyedza muvanhu zvinopesana, uye kwemuvanhu ndiko kusina kuratidza shanduko. Ona PubMed 11022014.

Hafu yezvidzidzo zvinopa vanhu methylene blue mudura rino inotaura zvabuda zvisingatsigiri tsananguro yakakurumbira. Miedzo yendangariro nekuisa pfungwa yakakodzera kuverengwa yose nokuda kweizvozvo, uye chikonzero nei zvakaoma kuvanzira vatori vechikamu nevaongorori kuti ndiani apiwa chii mumiedzo iyi idambudziko rakazvimirira.

"Zvemuvanhu" zvinoreva zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana

Kunze kwezvidzidzo zvina zvekupa mushonga, mapepa gumi anoshandisa zvinhu zvakatorwa muvanhu zviri kunze kwemuviri, uye pfupiso dzinowanzviisa muboka rimwe chete.

Rimwe boka rakaisa matishu emafuta ane chekuita nemwoyo netsinga, akatorwa kuvarwere makumi maviri nevashanu panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo, mumethylene blue ye0.1 micromolar kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Kugadzirwa kwemaenzayimu emonoamine oxidase kwakaderera, sezvakaitawo zviratidzo zvekushushikana kwemasero kunokonzerwa neoxidation (PubMed 39167271). Uhwu uchapupu hwakanaka hwekuti matishu emunhu anopindura kumethylene blue. Hausi uchapupu hwezvinoitwa nechiyero mumunhu mupenyu, nokuti mukuyedza ikoko hapana chakatenderedzwa mumuviri, chakagadziriswa nemuviri, kana chakabudiswa semarara.

Musiyano mumwe chetewo unoshanda paganda. Masero efibroblast eganda revanhu akatorwa kuvapi vane utano uye kuvarwere vane progeria akapindura zviri nani kumethylene blue kupfuura kune mamwe maantioxidant akati wandei, pakuwanda kwemasero nepakuverengera kuchembera kwawo, uye modhi yeganda revanhu yakagadzirwazve ine mativi matatu haina kuratidza kushatirwa kunyange paiva nekukora kwakanyanya kwemushonga (PubMed 28559565). Uhwu uchapupu hwakasimba chaizvo hwemusanganiswa unoiswa paganda, asi huchiri husiri muedzo muvanhu. Panogumira uchapupu hweganda pakakodzera kuverengwa pamwe chete nahwo.

Panopesana mapepa ari mudura rino

Miedzo miviri yakaitwa nokungwarira inopesana pamusoro pemaitiro ekushanda akadzokororwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinopfupikisa tsvakurudzo.

Wokutanga unoti methylene blue ichiri kukwanisa kupa cytochrome c maerekitironi nekuvandudza kufema kwemitochondria dzakaiswa zvinhu zvinodzivisa complex III, pakuyedzwa mitochondria dzemakonzo, mbeva, nenguruve dzeGuinea (PubMed 33669457). Wechipiri unoti methylene blue haipfuuri kuvharwa kwecomplex III neantimycin mumitochondria yeuropi hwembeva (PubMed 30734287). Yese yakabudiswa, yese ine nzira dzetsvakurudzo dzakanyatsorongwa, uye dura rino harigadzirisi kupesana kwayo. Chero tsananguro inopa nzira iyi yekupfuura pakavharwa sechinhu chatogadziriswa inenge yadzima kupesana kuchiripo. Mepu yezvinonangwa mubhayoroji yemasero ndiyo nzvimbo ine tsananguro dzakadzama dzemaitiro aya.

Komboni, nemashoko asingataurwi nemapepa

Methylene blue haisi chinhu chimwe chete muzvinyorwa izvi. Mapepa anotaura methylene blue, methylthioninium chloride, methylthioninium yakaitwa reduction, uye makomboni ephenothiazinium akafanana nayo akadai setoluidine blue, uye izvi zvina hazvitsivi chimwe nechimwe mumuviri. Miedzo yechirwere cheAlzheimer ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka zvikuru weizvi, nokuti chimwe chikamu chechirongwa ichocho chakashandisa chimiro chakaitwa reduction chine mafambiro akasiyana pakutorwa nemuviri, panzvimbo yedhayi yakaitwa oxidation.

Anenge ose pamapepa 130 haatauri giredhi rezvinhu zvaakashandisa. Zvikamu zvinotsanangura nzira dzakashandiswa zvinongodoma mutengesi zvogumira ipapo. Dhayi inoshandiswa kuongorora matishu, chinhu chinoshandiswa mumiedzo yemurabhoritari, nechinhu chinoshanda chemugiredhi remishonga zvose zvinogona kunyorwa semethylene blue papepa rekutenga, asi zvinosiyana pazvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinofamba nazvo. Azure B, simbi dzinorema, nezvisaririra zvezvinonyungudutsa ndizvo zvinowanzowanikwa, uye muverengi anoda kuenzanisa pepa nechigadzirwa haakwanisi kuzvienzanisa asina chitupa chekuongorora. Ndicho chikonzero chinoita kuti magiredhi akoshese kumuverengi, tisati tasvika kumubvunzo upi noupi wekuravira kana chiyero. Vatengesi vakawanda vanoti vanotevedzera monograph yeUSP vanongoongorora simbi dzinorema vozvitora sezvinodiwa zvose. Blupreme inoongorora zvinodiwa zvose, kusanganisira kuzivikanwa kwechinhu, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwechinhu chinoshanda, tsvina yemakomboni eorganic, zvisaririra zvezvinonyungudutsa, tsvina yezvimwe zvinhu zvekemikari, zvisaririra mushure mekupiswa, miganhu yezvipenyu zvidiki, uye endotoxins dzemabhakitiriya, yobudisa zvabuda.

Kushandisa tafura

Tafura yeuchapupu inorondedzera mapepa ose 130 pamwe negore rawo, magazini rakabudisa, rudzi rwechidzidzo, uye zvinhu zvakashandiswa chaizvo. Rudzi rwechidzidzo runonyora nhanho yakaitirwa kuyedza, inova ndiyo nzira yekuronga inonyanya kuchinja nokukurumidza paunenge uchifamba pasi pepeji. Koramu yezvinhu zvakashandiswa iripo kuti ukwanise kutarisa kuiswa mumapoka, nokuti mapepa anosanganisa nhanho, akadai serinoita bvunzo yein vitro risati rasimbisa zvabuda nein vivo, anongopiwa nhanho inonyanya kutungamira chete. Unogona kusefa nerudzi rwechidzidzo, kutsvaga mazita emapepa, magazini, nemarudzi ezvisikwa, uye kuronga negore kana zita. CSV ine mashoko mamwe chete iri muforodha rimwe chete.

Kana wangosarudza pepa, unyanzvi hunonyanya kuoma ndihwo hwekuriverenga: kuziva modhi, chinhu chakaenzaniswa nacho, mugumisiro wakayerwa, nguva, uye kusava nechokwadi kunobvumwa nevanyori. Maverengero epepa rimwe chete remethylene blue anotsanangura izvozvo, uye rondedzero ino inogumira isati yasvika ipapo nemaune.

Kuti uone zvinotsigirwa netsvakurudzo muvanhu, mugumisiro nomugumisiro, pfupiso yeuchapupu hwemuvanhu ndiyo nzvimbo iri nani yekutangira. Peji rino rinopindura mubvunzo wakamanikana kupfuura iwoyo: marudzi api ezvidzidzo aripo, uye rudzi rumwe norumwe rune zvingani.