Ubururu bwa metilene kuri ADHD: ni iki cyakorewe ubushakashatsi koko?

Nta gihamya ihagije yemeza ko ubururu bwa metilene ari umuti ukora neza mu kuvura ADHD. Ishakisha ryakozwe kuri iri sesengura ntiryabonye igerageza risuzuma niba bugabanya ibimenyetso bya ADHD mu bantu batoranyijwe kubera ko basuzumwe bakayisangwamo. Igerageza ku bantu rikunze kuvugwa ryerekeye kwibuka, imirimo yo kwita ku bintu ikorerwa muri laboratwari, cyangwa gufata amashusho y'ubwonko mu yandi matsinda y'abantu. Ibyo byavuye mu bushakashatsi ntibishobora kwemeza ko ubururu bwa metilene bufasha umuntu kugenzura gukora ibintu atabanje gutekereza, gukomeza gukora, cyangwa gukora neza imirimo ye afite ADHD.

Iryo tandukaniro ni ingenzi no ku mutekano. Imiti myinshi ya ADHD ifite amabwiriza abuza kuyikoresha hamwe n'imiti ibuza umusemburo wa monoamine oxidase gukora, icyiciro cy'imiti gifitanye isano n'ibyago by'imikoranire y'ubururu bwa metilene n'indi miti. Inyungu itaremezwa ntituma kuvanga imiti mu buryo bw'igerageza biba nta byago.

Ikizamini cyo kwita ku bintu si igerageza ryo kuvura ADHD

ADHD irangwa n'ibimenyetso bikomeza kubaho n'ingorane mu mikorere mu bihe n'ahantu bitandukanye. Ibisobanuro bya CDC ku gusuzuma ADHD bivuga isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi ryita ku mateka y'umuntu, imyitwarire ye ahantu hatandukanye, n'izindi mpamvu zishobora gusobanura ibyo bimenyetso. Gutinda gusubiza mu murimo ukorerwa kuri mudasobwa ntibishobora kwemeza ko umuntu afite ADHD. Gusubiza vuba nyuma y'uburyo runaka bwakoreshejwe na byo ntibishobora, byonyine, kwemeza ko ubuvuzi bwagize icyo bugeraho.

Igerageza kuri ADHD ryakenera gutoranya abantu basuzumwe neza bakayisangwamo no gupima ibipimo bifitanye isano na yo. Muri byo hashobora kuba harimo ibipimo by'ibimenyetso byemejwe ko byizewe, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo ku ishuri, ku kazi cyangwa mu rugo. Ryakenera kandi gutandukanya ingaruka z'uburyo bwageragejwe n'iz'impinduka mu gusinzira, imiti umuntu asanzwe afata, ibyo yiteze, n'imyitozo asubiramo.

Tekereza kuri ibi bibazo bibiri: ese umuntu ashobora kumenya neza kurushaho ishusho aherutse kwerekwa, kandi ese uwo muntu ashobora buri gihe gutegura no kurangiza imirimo ya buri munsi? Byombi birebana n'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Ariko si ibipimo bisimburana. Incamake yacu y'ibimenyetso ku bururu bwa metilene mu bantu ikoresha iryo tandukaniro no ku zindi nyungu zivugwa.

Ibyo igerageza ku bantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza ryabonye koko

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2016 bwa Rodriguez na bagenzi be, bwakoresheje amashusho n'igabanywa ry'abitabiriye mu matsinda ku buryo bwa tombola, bwasesenguye abantu bakuru 26 bafite ubuzima bwiza, bafite imyaka kuva kuri 22 kugeza kuri 62. Bwagereranyije ubururu bwa metilene bujuje urwego rwa USP bwahawe abantu rimwe binyuze mu kanwa n'ikinyabutabire kitagira umuti ariko gifite ibara ry'ubururu. Ibizamini byakozwe mbere yo kubihabwa na nyuma y'isaha hafi imwe byarimo umurimo wo gukomeza kwita ku kintu, umurimo wo kwibuka mu gihe gito, n'amashusho ya MRI agaragaza imikorere y'ubwonko. Kugira indwara zo mu mutwe no kuba umuntu yari aherutse gukoresha imiti yazo byari mu mpamvu zo kutemererwa kwitabira.

Ibisubizo byagaragaye mu mashusho y'ubwonko byarahindutse mu bice byinshi. Ibyavuye mu bipimo by'imyitwarire bigomba gusuzumwa witonze: igereranya ry'amatsinda ku mpinduka mu gihe cyo gusubiza mu murimo wo kwita ku kintu ntiryari rifite agaciro mu mibare y'ibarurishamibare, kuko P = .43. Inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi yavuze ko ibisubizo byo kwibuka byari byo byiyongereyeho hafi 7% mu itsinda ryahawe ubururu bwa metilene, ariko itandukaniro ry'impinduka hagati y'amatsinda na ryo ntiryari rifite agaciro mu mibare y'ibarurishamibare, kuko P = .09.

Impinduka ifite agaciro mu mibare y'ibarurishamibare hagati y'ibipimo bya mbere n'ibya nyuma mu itsinda rimwe ntiyemeza ko ubuvuzi bwarushijeho kugira akamaro ugereranyije n'irindi tsinda. Ibyo byabonetse bishyigikira gukomeza ubushakashatsi, ariko ntibigaragaza inyungu kuri ADHD. Iryo gerageza kandi ntirishobora gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye no kubukoresha kenshi, kubukoresha mu bana, cyangwa kubuvanga n'imiti ya ADHD.

Urutonde rw'ubushakashatsi rushakishwamo, rurimo n'ibimenyetso bibura

Fungura urutonde rw'ubushakashatsi rushakishwamo kugira ngo utoranye inyandiko ukurikije itsinda ry'abantu, ibyapimwe, umwanditsi cyangwa ibimenyetso bibura. Rurimo amahuza y'amasoko kandi rutandukanya amagerageza atanga amakuru y'ibanze ajyanye n'ikibazo n'inyandiko yabonetse mu ishakisha ariko itagifitiye akamaro.

Igerageza rya Telch ryagabanyije ku buryo bwa tombola abantu bakuru 42 bafite ubwoba bukomeye bwo kuba ahantu hafunganye, bahabwa ubururu bwa metilene cyangwa ikinyabutabire kitagira umuti nyuma y'imyitozo yo guhura n'ibibatera ubwoba. Isuzuma ryo kwibuka n'isuzuma ry'ubwoba nyuma y'ukwezi byari bifitanye isano no kwiga no gukomeza kwibuka ubwoba. Ibyavuye ku bipimo by'ubwoba byaterwaga n'urwego imyitozo yo guhura n'ibiteye ubwoba yari yarangiranyeho neza. Iri ntiryari igerageza ku bimenyetso bya ADHD, kandi ntiryemeza inyungu rusange yo kwita ku bintu.

Kimwe mu byabonetse mu ishakisha kigaragaza impamvu kubara inyandiko gusa bidahagije. Muri raporo y'umurwayi ufite methemoglobinemia yashyizwe mu rutonde nka PMID 27099330, ADHD yavuzwe mu mateka y'ubuvuzi bw'umurwayi. Ubururu bwa metilene ntibwakoreshejwe kubera ko hakekwaga ibura rya G6PD, ryaje kwemezwa nyuma. Urubuga rw'ishakisha rushobora kubona ayo magambo yombi nubwo inyandiko itarimo igerageza ry'ubuvuzi riyahuza.

Urutonde rwandika ishakisha ryihariye ryakozwe ku wa 12 Nzeri 2026, hakoreshejwe “methylene blue” cyangwa “methylthioninium” hamwe na “ADHD” cyangwa “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” PubMed yatanze iyo raporo y'umurwayi; ClinicalTrials.gov ntiyatanze inyandiko n'imwe ihuye n'iryo shakisha. Ishakisha ryagutse ryatanze ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza. Iri ni igenzura ry'ibimenyetso ryo ku itariki runaka, si gihamya ko buri bushakashatsi butaratangazwa cyangwa bwashyizwe mu rutonde mu buryo butandukanye bwabonetse. Ububiko bw'ubushakashatsi butanga amakuru yagutse ku bushakashatsi.

Imikoranire y'imiti ihindura ikibazo mu buryo bufatika

Ubururu bwa metilene bushobora kubuza umusemburo wa monoamine oxidase gukora. Amabwiriza y'umuti wabwo uterwa wandikwa na muganga aburira ku ndwara iterwa na serotonine nyinshi igihe ukoreshwa hamwe n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine n'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa opioids. Ku muntu ufite ADHD, urutonde rw'imiti yose afata ni ingenzi, harimo n'imiti yo kuvura agahinda gakabije cyangwa guhangayika bishobora kuba bibangikanye na yo.

1. Imiti irimo amphetamine: amabwiriza ya Adderall XR abuza kuyikoresha hamwe n'imiti ibuza MAO gukora kandi avuga mu buryo bweruye ubururu bwa metilene buterwa mu mutsi. Izamuka rikabije ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso riri mu byago bivugwa.
2. Methylphenidate: amabwiriza ya Ritalin na yo abuza kuyikoresha icyarimwe n'imiti ibuza MAO gukora kubera ibyago by'izamuka rikabije ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
3. Atomoxetine: amabwiriza ya Strattera avuga ubururu bwa metilene buterwa mu mutsi mu mabwiriza abuza kuyivanga n'imiti ibuza MAO gukora, kandi asobanura ingaruka zishobora kuba zikomeye.

Aya mabwiriza si amagerageza yakozwe kuri buri gicuruzwa gifatirwa mu kanwa kigenewe abaguzi. Ntanemeza ko kubivanga bifatiwe mu kanwa bifite umutekano. Umuburo wa TGA yo muri Ositaraliya ku bicuruzwa by'ubururu bwa metilene bifatirwa mu kanwa bitanditswe mu buryo bwemewe uvuga by'umwihariko imikoranire y'imiti ishobora guteza akaga. Mbere yo gutekereza kubukoresha, ereka ugwandikira imiti cyangwa umuhanga mu by'imiti igicuruzwa nyacyo, ubwinshi bw'ikinyabutabire kirimo n'urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti ufata. Ntuhagarike ubuvuzi bwa ADHD wandikiwe kugira ngo wigeragereze ubururu bwa metilene.

Niba nyuma yo guhura n'ubururu bwa metilene ugize umuriro, kudatuza gukabije cyangwa urujijo, gukomera kw'imikaya, cyangwa ingaruka zirushaho gukomera vuba, shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Incamake ku mutekano isobanura izindi mpamvu zibuza kubukoresha n'amakuru akwiye kwandikwa ku buryo wahuyemo na bwo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byahindura igisubizo?

Ubushakashatsi bukurikira bwaba ingirakamaro bwagerageza umuti ufite ibigize n'uburyo wateguwe bisobanuye neza mu bitabiriye basuzumwe bagasanganwa ADHD, bugakoresha uburyo bwo kugereranya, bugagena mbere ibipimo by'ibimenyetso bya ADHD n'imikorere, kandi bugakurikirana ingaruka mbi mu gihe gihagije. Ibibazo bireba abantu bakuru n'ibireba abana byakenera ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ibisobanuro by'uburyo mitochondria ikora ntibishobora kuzuza ibyo byuho.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwemewe bufite uburyo buteguye bwo gusuzuma no gukurikirana abarwayi, nk'ubwo muri inama za NICE ku kuvura ADHD. Kutagenzura ibimenyetso ku buryo bushimishije ni impamvu yo kongera gusuzuma ubwo buvuzi hamwe n'umuganga ukuvura. Ubushakashatsi bwasesenguwe hano ntibushyigikira kubusimbuza ubururu bwa metilene. Ibivugwa ku zindi ndwara zifitanye isano n'imikurire bikeneye igenzura ryabyo ry'amatsinda y'abantu n'uburyo bwageragejwe, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu isesengura ryacu ry'ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene na autisme.