Inyandiko
Ubururu bwa metilene, metilifolate na metili-B12: ibinyabutabire bitandukanye n'imirimo yabyo
Ubururu bwa metilene si metilifolate cyangwa metili-B12. Metilifolate ni ubwoko bwa vitamine B9; metili-B12 ni methylcobalamin, ubwoko bwa vitamine B12. Byombi bigira uruhare mu ihererekanya rimwe ry'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri. Ubururu bwa metilene ni irangi rikorwa mu buryo bwa shimi kandi ni ikinyabutabire gikoreshwa nk'umuti, gifite imiterere ya shimi itandukanye. Si intungamubiri itanga itsinda rya metili kandi ntibusimbura iyo ari yo yose muri izo vitamine.
Amazina asa atuma igitekerezo kidafite gihamya gisa n'icyumvikana: niba ikintu kirimo “metili,” wenda gitezimbere “iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili.” Izina ry'ikinyabutabire ntirishobora kwemeza uwo murimo. Ibibazo by'ingenzi ni icyo molekile ikora mu ihererekanya runaka ry'ibinyabutabire, n'uko byaba byaragaragajwe ko icyo gikorwa gifitiye akamaro umuntu utekereza kuyikoresha.
Gereranya icyo ibinyabutabire ari cyo mbere yo kugereranya akamaro kabyo
PubChem igaragaza ko ubururu bwa metilene ari methylthioninium chloride, irangi ryo mu bwoko bwa phenothiazinium. Urupapuro rwa NIH rutanga amakuru kuri folate rugaragaza ko metilifolate ari 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, ikunze kwandikwa mu mpine nka 5-MTHF. Urupapuro rwa NIH rutanga amakuru kuri vitamine B12 rutandukanya methylcobalamin n'ubundi bwoko bwa B12. Ibyo buri kinyabutabire ari cyo bisobanura igereranya rikurikira.
| Ikibazo | Ubururu bwa metilene | Metilifolate | Metili-B12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni iki? | Methylthioninium chloride, irangi rikorwa mu buryo bwa shimi | 5-MTHF, ubwoko bwa folate | Methylcobalamin, ubwoko bwa B12 burimo cobalt |
| Ni vitamine? | Oya | Ubwoko bwa vitamine B9 | Ubwoko bwa vitamine B12 |
| Uruhare rufitanye isano n'ihererekanya ry'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri | Bushobora kwakira no guhererekanya electron binyuze mu bikorwa bya redox | Itanga itsinda rya metili mu ihererekanya rikorwa na methionine synthase | Ikintu gifasha enzime gukora, kiyifatanyeho kandi kigira uruhare mu kwimurira iryo tsinda kuri homocysteine |
| Ni irihe tandukaniro rifite akamaro? | Imikorere nk'umuti itandukanye no gusimbura intungamubiri | Imiterere ya shimi ya folate itandukanye n'iya B12 | Ikintu gifasha enzime gukora si cyo enzime ubwayo |
| Ni iki izina ryayo ritagaragaza? | Uruhare rwo gusimbura folate cyangwa kuvura ibijyanye n'iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili | Ko buri wese akeneye ubu bwoko bwihariye bwa folate | Ko ubu bwoko bw'inyongera y'intungamubiri ari bwo bwiza kurusha ubundi ku bibazo byose bifitanye isano na B12 |
Iri ni igereranya ry'imikorere, si ugushyira ibi binyabutabire ku rutonde rw'ibirusha ibindi. Igicuruzwa ntigishobora gusimbura intungamubiri gusa kubera ko byombi bisobanurwa hakoreshejwe amagambo nka “ingufu” cyangwa “ubuzima bw'ubwonko.” Kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye ku cyo ari cyo n'imikoreshereze yacyo, reba icyo ubururu bwa metilene ari cyo.
Icyo folate na B12 bikorera hamwe koko
Ihinduranywa ry'ibinyabutabire rifashisha karubone imwe ryimura uduce turimo atome imwe ya karubone binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'ibikorwa bifitanye isano. Agace ka karubone kaba gafatanye na molekile igatwara; ntikazenguruka mu mubiri ukwako nk'“ikintu cyongera iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili.”
Enzime ya MTHFR ihindura 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate ikayigira 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Aya magambo asa avuga ubwoko bubiri bwa folate. Nta na bumwe ari ubururu bwa metilene.
Mu ihererekanya rikorwa na methionine synthase, itsinda rya metili riva kuri 5-MTHF rinyura kuri B12 ifasha iyo enzime gukora, rikajya kuri homocysteine, hakavamo methionine. Folate na B12 rero bifite imirimo ifitanye isano ariko itandukanye: kimwe gitanga iryo tsinda, ikindi kikagira uruhare mu kuryimura. Nyuma, methionine ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora S-adenosylmethionine, cyangwa SAM, itanga amatsinda ya metili mu bindi bikorwa byinshi by'ibinyabutabire.
Uru ruhererekane runasobanura impamvu “amatsinda ya metili menshi kurushaho” atari impamvu yuzuye yo guhitamo ubuvuzi. Inzira y'ihererekanya ry'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri ikubiyemo ibinyabutabire enzime zikoreraho, enzime, ibizifasha gukora n'uburyo igenzurwa. Kugaragaza aho intungamubiri igira uruhare ntibyemeza ko ibura, ko ari yo ntandaro y'ikimenyetso runaka, cyangwa ko kongera izindi byagira akamaro.
B12 ifite ubundi bwoko bukora mu mubiri, adenosylcobalamin, bufasha mu kindi gikorwa cya enzime kijyanye na methylmalonyl-CoA. Kwita methylcobalamin “B12 ikora mu mubiri” ntibivuze ko ari yo bwoko bwonyine bwa B12 bufite akamaro. Igereranya rya NIH ry'ubwoko bwa B12 buboneka mu nyongera z'intungamubiri ntirigaragaza ubwoko bumwe burusha ubundi muri rusange kuri buri wese.
Impamvu ubururu bwa metilene budasimbura ibijyanye n'iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili
Amakuru yo kwandika umuti wa PROVAYBLUE atanga urugero rufatika rw'imikorere ya redox y'ubururu bwa metilene. Mu kuvura methemoglobinemia yaje nyuma, itari iyo umuntu yavukanye, ubururu bwa metilene bwakira electron bugahinduka leucomethylene blue binyuze mu buryo bushingiye kuri NADPH. Ubwo bwoko bwakiriye electron bufasha guhindura fer iri muri hemoglobine, ikava mu mimerere ya ferric ikajya mu ya ferrous. Ibi ni ibikorwa bya shimi byo guhererekanya electron, si ukugeza itsinda rya metili kuri homocysteine.
Imiterere y'ubururu bwa metilene irimo amatsinda ya metili. Kuba ahari ntibituma ayo matsinda ashobora gukoreshwa mu nzira ya folate/B12. Kuvuga ko ari “ikitanga itsinda rya metili” bisaba gihamya y'igikorwa nyirizina cyo kuritanga; kwerekana izina ryabwo cyangwa imiterere yabwo ntibihagije.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, igisubizo cya MTHFR ntikigaragaza ko ubururu bwa metilene bucira indi nzira igikorwa cyangiritse cyangwa ko butezimbere umusaruro w'ubuzima ufitanye isano na cyo. Inyandiko iherekeza umuti yemeza ko ukoreshwa kuri methemoglobinemia itari iyo umuntu yavukanye, si mu kuvura impinduka zisanzwe za MTHFR. Ibimenyetso biboneka ku bantu byerekeye akamaro k'ubururu bwa metilene muri rusange bisaba isuzuma ryihariye kuri buri musaruro.
Icyo igisubizo cya MTHFR kikubwira n'icyo kitakubwira
MTHFR ni jeni, kandi icyo ikora ni enzime. Impinduka zisanzwe nka C677T zitandukanye n'impinduka zidakunze kuboneka zitera indwara zikomeye z'uruhererekane. Raporo y'ibizamini bya jeni igenewe umuguzi ntikwiye gufata ibi byiciro nk'aho ari bimwe ngo ivuge ko “iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili ry'umuntu ryangiritse.”
Ibisobanuro bya CDC ku mpinduka zisanzwe za MTHFR bivuga ko abantu bafite izi mpinduka bashobora gutunganya aside folike mu mubiri. Impinduka isanzwe yonyine si impamvu yo kuyirinda. Incamake ya CDC igenewe abakora ubuvuzi na yo ntisaba guhindura ingano ya folate umuntu afata hashingiwe gusa ku bwoko bwa jeni ya MTHFR afite.
Ubwoko bwa jeni umuntu afite si igipimo cy'intungamubiri. Homocysteine na yo si “igipimo cy'iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili” cyuzuye: folate nke, B12 nke n'imikorere y'impyiko bishobora kuyigiraho ingaruka. Isuzuma rigomba guhuza igisubizo runaka n'imimerere y'intungamubiri mu mubiri w'umuntu, ibimenyetso afite n'ibindi byagaragaye. Iyo gihamya ntishobora gusimburwa no guhuza izina rya jeni n'izina ry'igicuruzwa.
Inkoranyamagambo y'amagambo akunze kwitiranywa
| Ijambo | Ibisobanuro | Icyo ugomba kwirinda kwitiranya |
|---|---|---|
| Itsinda rya metili | Atome ya karubone ifatanye na atome eshatu za idorojene, ryandikwa CH₃, kandi rifatanye n'ibindi bice bya molekile | Kuba rihari ntibihita bituma ikinyabutabire kiba igitanga iryo tsinda mu mubiri |
| Ikitanga itsinda rya metili | Molekile itanga itsinda rya metili mu ihererekanya runaka ry'ibinyabutabire | Uru ruhare rugomba gusobanurwa hashingiwe ku ihererekanya runaka |
| Iyongerwa ry'itsinda rya metili | Kongera itsinda rya metili kuri molekile | Si umurimo umwe ukorwa mu mubiri wose ufite urwego rumwe “rwiza kurusha izindi” kuri buri wese |
| Folate | Umuryango wa vitamine B9 | Aside folike na 5-MTHF ni ubwoko butandukanye |
| MTHFR | Izina rya jeni n'impine ya methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | Ntibisobanura ubururu bwa metilene |
| Ikintu gifasha enzime gukora | Ikintu kitari poroteyine gikenewe kugira ngo enzime ikore | B12 ifasha enzime; si yo methionine synthase ubwayo |
| Redox | Oxidation na reduction bibera hamwe, bikajyana n'ihererekanya rya electron | Guhererekanya electron no guhererekanya itsinda rya metili ni ibikorwa bitandukanye |
| Ubururu bwa metili | Irangi rifite irindi zina ryihariye | Reba igereranya ry'amarangi y'ubururu afite amazina asa mbere yo gusimbuza ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa muri laboratwari |
Impamvu iri tandukaniro rihindura icyemezo kijyanye n'ubuzima
Folate na B12 ntibisimburana, nubwo igisubizo kimwe cy'ikizamini cy'amaraso gishobora kugaragara mu ibura rya buri kimwe. NIH isobanura ko gufata folate nyinshi bishobora kugabanya kubura amaraso guterwa n'ibura rya B12 bitavura kwangirika kw'imyakura guterwa na ryo. Kuvura icyo umuntu yise “ikibazo cy'iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya metili” rero bishobora gutuma ikibazo nyirizina kititabwaho.
Ubururu bwa metilene buzana ibindi bibazo bigomba kwitonderwa. Inyandiko iherekeza umuti ikubiyemo umuburo ukomeye ku mikoranire n'indi miti ishobora gutera sindorome ya serotonine, ikanabuza kubukoresha ku bafite ibura rya G6PD kubera ibyago byo gusenyuka k'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Kubufatanya na vitamine ntibikuraho iyo miterere yabwo. Ibivugwa ku ngaruka ku binyabutabire bitwara ubutumwa hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imyakura cyangwa ku kubufatanya n'uburyo bushingiye kuri NAD+ bisaba ibimenyetso byabyo bwite ku mikorere yabyo no ku byagaragaye mu buvuzi.
Mu gusuzuma ikivugwa, menya ikinyabutabire nyirizina, ihererekanya ry'ibinyabutabire rivugwa, ikibazo kigamijwe gukemurwa n'umusaruro wapimwe ku bantu. Niba ibisobanuro biva ku mazina asa bigahita bitanga inama y'ubuvuzi, ibimenyetso bikenewe biba bibura.