Ubururu bwa metilene n'ibivugwa kuri virusi za herpes: ibisebe ku minwa, EBV, no gutuma virusi zidakomeza kwanduza

Ijambo rimwe rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ibintu bibiri muri izi mpaka, kandi bikeneye amazina atandukanye. Icya mbere ni ugutuma agace ka virusi kadakomeza kwanduza: irangi, ogisijeni n'urumuri bihurira ku gace ka virusi kari mu mazi, bikakangiza ku buryo kadashobora kwiyongera. Icya kabiri ni ukuvura ubwandu mu muntu: kugabanya ibisebe ku minwa, gukira vuba, kugabanya virusi zisohoka mu mubiri, cyangwa kugabanya ingano ya virusi ya Epstein-Barr. Icya mbere cyagaragajwe inshuro nyinshi kuri virusi ya herpes simplex muri laboratwari. Icya kabiri nticyagaragajwe ku bururu bwa metilene bunyobwa, haba kuri herpes simplex cyangwa kuri virusi ya Epstein-Barr. Iyo iryo tandukaniro risobanutse, gutandukanya ibyanditswe mu bushakashatsi biroroha.

Hari urundi rujijo ruherekeza urwo. HSV na EBV ziri mu muryango umwe munini wa virusi, ariko zitera indwara zitandukanye mu ngingo zitandukanye. Igisebe cya herpes ku munwa kiba ku buso, aho virusi yiyongera ikangiza uturemangingo: gishobora gusigwa irangi, urumuri na rwo rukamurikirwa aho hantu. EBV iguma yihishe mu bubiko bw'uturemangingo twa B dukwirakwiye mu maraso no mu ngingo z'ubudahangarwa, aho irangi risigwa cyangwa itara ritukura bidashobora kugera ku bubiko bwose. Ibyabonetse mu buryo bumwe ntibihita bikora mu bundi. Abasomyi bashaka uburyo rusange bukoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibyo bimenyetso babusanga mu buyobozi bwo gusoma ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene.

Guhagarika virusi hakoreshejwe urumuri muri laboratwari: HSV iri hanze y'uturemangingo, urumuri ni ngombwa

Ikigeragezo cya kera kurusha ibindi cyakoresheje virusi zari zikimara gukurwa mu barwayi, aho gukoresha ubwoko bumwe bwo muri laboratwari. Mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 1975 ku guhagarika herpesvirus hominis hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri, virusi 37 zakuwe mu bisebe byo ku myanya ndangagitsina no mu kanwa zavanzwe n'ubururu bwa metilene kuri 10 micromolar, zibikwa isaha imwe mu mwijima, hanyuma zigabanywamo ibice bibiri: kimwe kiguma mu mwijima, ikindi kimurikirwa iminota itanu n'amatara abiri ya fluorescent ya 15 watt ari kuri 15 cm. Muri izo virusi 37, 27 zatakaje ubushobozi bwo kwanduza bushobora gupimwa gusa igihe zari mu rumuri, naho 4 zigabanukaho inshuro zirenga 100. Ibyitegererezo byo kugereranya byagumye mu mwijima byakomeje kwanduza: hatabayeho urumuri, iyi ngano y'irangi ntiyakuye ubushobozi bwo kwanduza muri virusi zose zari mu cyitegererezo.

Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwagaragaje ko irangi ryonyine rifatanyije n'urumuri rishobora kugira ingaruka nto mu bihe bimwe. Mu bigeragezo byo mu 1979 by'ubururu bwa metilene, urumuri n'amashanyarazi kuri HSV-1 na HSV-2, irangi rya 10 micromolar hamwe n'urumuri rw'itara rifite umugozi ushyuha, mu masegonda 180, byagabanyije HSV-1 ishobora kwanduza hafi 60 percent, ni ukuvuga hafi 0.4 log. Kongeraho gusa amashanyarazi make atemba mu cyerekezo kimwe ni byo byatumye ubwo buryo bugera ku igabanuka rirenga 99.99 percent. Urumuri rwonyine, amashanyarazi yonyine, cyangwa urumuri n'amashanyarazi bitarimo irangi byagize ingaruka nto. Ingaruka nini yasabaga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, bityo iyo nyandiko ntikwiye gutangwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko irangi risanzwe n'itara bigera ku igabanuka rya log enye mu buryo busanzwe.

Ubushakashatsi ku buryo ibyo bikorwa bwakurikiyeho bwabajije ibyo uduce twa virusi twavuwe twari tugishobora gukora. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 1980 bwasohotse muri Journal of Clinical Investigation ku buryo irangi n'urumuri bihagarika HSV bwabonye ko umugozi umwe wa DNA ya virusi ucika, ariko gucika kw'imigozi yombi ntikwari kwiganjemo: uduce twa virusi twavuwe twakomeje gufata ku turemangingo no kutwinjiramo, ariko gukura kwatwo kurahagarara. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 1997 ku cyiciro cy'ubwandu nyuma yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene n'urumuri bwabyemeje hakoreshejwe irangi rya 1 micromolar n'urumuri rutukura: igikonoshwa cya virusi nticyangiritse cyane, kwinjira mu turemangingo no kurekura DNA byakomeje kuba, ariko kwiyongera kwahagaritswe no kwangirika kwa DNA kwaterwaga no kumurikirwa. Igereranya ryo mu 1995 kuri ogisijeni ya singlet ryagaragaje uruhare rwa ogisijeni ya singlet, bishoboka ko hiyongeragaho n'imikoranire y'imiti irimo radikali. Ibisobanuro ku buryo ubururu bwa metilene bwinjiza urumuri bukabyara ogisijeni ikora imikoranire ya shimi vuba byerekana impamvu irangi, ogisijeni na fotoni bigomba guhurira ku kintu bigamije gukoraho.

Ikimenyetso gisobanutse kurusha ibindi mu mibare gituruka ku bushakashatsi ku bikomoka ku maraso, ari na bwo butanga umuburo usobanutse kurusha indi wo kutarenza ibyo ibisubizo bivuga. Mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 2013 ku kugabanya utunyabuzima dutera indwara muri plasma hakoreshejwe LED zitukura za 627 nm, HSV yashyizwe muri plasma yagabanutse hafi 5.2 log kuri 1 micromolar na 6.0 log kuri 10 micromolar nyuma y'iminota 60. Ibyo ni ugukuraho ubushobozi bwo kwanduza mu mazi yamurikiwe, si ukuvura virusi yihishe mu turemangingo tw'imyakura, kandi ntibiteganya icyo umuti w'amazi wanyowe ukora imbere mu mubiri utarimo urumuri.

Kuvura ibisebe aho biri: ubushakashatsi buto, bwa kera, kandi butanga ibisubizo bitandukanye

Raporo zo kuvura ahantu runaka zivuga gusiga irangi ku gisebe no kukimurikira, ibyo nibura bigumana imiterere yakoreshejwe muri laboratwari. Iya mbere ni raporo y'umurwayi umwe wari ufite eczema herpeticum, ubwandu bwa HSV bukwirakwira ku ruhu rusanzwe rufite eczema. Raporo yo mu 1975 kuri eczema herpeticum yakoresheje ubururu bwa metilene n'urumuri yasobanuye ko habayeho koroherwa vuba nyuma yo gusiga irangi no kumurikira aho riri, irangi rya 10 micromolar rigahagarika ubushobozi bwa virusi bwo kwanduza mu rumuri ariko ntiribikore mu mwijima. Ibisobanuro byayiherekeje byavugaga ko umuti w'amazi wa 0.1 percent wasizwe ku gice cy'ahari ibisebe, kugira ngo hagereranywe ibice by'umubiri w'umurwayi umwe. Nk'ikimenyetso ku bisebe ku minwa, ibyo ni ibyagaragaye ku murwayi umwe mu gihe cya kera, kandi gupima ingano y'urumuri rwakoreshejwe ntibyari bihagije.

Urukurikirane rwa kera rwagutse kurushaho rwarebaga ibisebe byo ku myanya ndangagitsina. Mu rukurikirane rwo mu 1975 rw'abarwayi 56 bafite herpes yo ku myanya ndangagitsina, 36 bahawe ubururu bwa metilene, ariko 35 ba mbere gusa ni bo bagabanyijwe ku buryo bwa tombola mu matsinda yakoresheje amarangi atatu, bityo iryo tsinda ryose ntiryari ikigeragezo gifite uburyo bunoze. Hafi 70 percent by'abavuwe bafite ubwandu bwagarukaga bavuzwe ko borohewe mu masaha hafi 48, ariko inshuro ubwandu bwagarukaga ntizagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara. Kumurikira mu rugo hakoreshejwe itara rya fluorescent cyangwa urumuri rw'izuba ntibyagenzurwaga. Koroherwa n'ibimenyetso by'icyo gihe nta kugabanya kugaruka kwabyo bihuye n'uburyo bukorera ku gisebe gihari ariko ntibukore ku bubiko bwa virusi yihishe. Uwo muburo unareba uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri hamwe n'ubururu bwa metilene.

Ibigeragezo bya vuba ku bisebe ku minwa ni bito kandi ntibitanga umwanzuro umwe. Urukurikirane rwo mu 2009 rw'abarwayi bane bafite herpes labialis rwakoresheje irangi rya 0.01 percent hamwe na lazeri ya 660 nm kuri 120 J per square cm, ruvuga ko bakize vuba, ariko nta tsinda ryo kugereranya ryari rihari, kandi nyuma hakoreshejwe urumuri ruhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu rukurikirane rwo mu 2009 rw'abarwayi ba herpes labialis bavuwe hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri. Igabanywa ry'abarwayi 75 ku buryo bwa tombola mu matsinda yakoresheje irangi n'urumuri, acyclovir isigwa, cyangwa byombi, ntiryabonye itandukaniro mu gihe cyo gukira cyangwa mu bubabare, nk'uko bivugwa mu kigeragezo cyo mu 2021 cyo kuvura hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri hamwe na acyclovir. Ikigeragezo cyagabanyije abarwayi 24 ku buryo bwa tombola, kikoresheje qPCR ya HSV-1, nticyabonye itandukaniro mu gukira cyangwa mu kugaruka kw'ubwandu mu mwaka umwe, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu kigeragezo cyo mu 2025 cyagabanyije abarwayi ku buryo bwa tombola mu kuvura herpes simplex hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri birwanya utunyabuzima. Ikigeragezo cyo mu 2025 cy'abantu 60 cyakoresheje uburyo bukomatanyije—irangi n'urumuri, urumuri ruhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo, no gukura amazi mu duheri—cyavuze ko ububabare bwagabanutse vuba, ariko ibyo ntibishobora kwitirirwa irangi, nk'uko bivugwa muri raporo yo mu 2025 ku gukomatanya irangi n'urumuri hamwe n'urumuri ruhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo.

Raporo ku ngaruka mbi muri ubu bushakashatsi ni nke. Inyandiko zo mu 1975 ntizakoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwo kuzigenzura. Ubushakashatsi buto bwakurikiyeho bwavuze ingaruka nke cyangwa ko nta ngaruka z'ako kanya zabayeho, ariko gusigara ibara ry'ubururu ni ibisanzwe, kandi kurakara kw'uruhu guterwa n'urumuri aho rwasizwe biracyashoboka. Gusiga irangi no gukoresha itara bitandukanye no kunywa irangi, ari na yo mpamvu inyandiko ku mutekano w'ubururu bwa metilene isuzuma buri buryo bwo kubukoresha ukwabwo.

EBV: nta bimenyetso bitaziguye ku bururu bwa metilene

Kuri EBV, ubushakashatsi bwashatswe ntibwabonetse. Nta kigeragezo cyasuzumwe n'abandi bahanga cyangwa ikigeragezo gifite itsinda ryo kugereranya cyabonetse muri iri suzuma cyerekana ko ubururu bwa metilene, bufite urumuri cyangwa butarufite, bugabanya ubushobozi bwa EBV bwo kwanduza, buhagarika kongera gukora kwayo, cyangwa bugabanya ingano ya virusi mu bantu. Ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo twa kanseri yo mu gice cy'inyuma y'izuru no hejuru y'umuhogo turimo EBV bukoresha ibindi bintu bituma uturemangingo twitabira urumuri, kandi bupima niba uturemangingo tw'ikibyimba tugikomeza kubaho, aho gupima gukuraho virusi hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene. Isuzuma ry'ubushakashatsi rishyira EBV mu rutonde rwa virusi zikeneye ibigeragezo mu gihe kizaza, aho kuyishyira mu ndwara ubu buryo bwamaze kwemezwa ko buvura.

Imiterere y'ibinyabuzima isobanura impamvu ibisubizo bya HSV yo mu gacupa ka laboratwari bidashobora kwitirirwa EBV. Kuvura igisebe ku munwa bishyira ibintu bitatu byose bikenewe—irangi, ogisijeni na fotoni—ku buso bumwe bushobora kugerwaho. EBV yihishe iba ahanini mu turemangingo twa B dukwirakwiye mu maraso no mu ngingo z'ubudahangarwa. Urumuri rutukura rumurikirwa ahantu hamwe ntirushobora kugera kuri ubwo bubiko bukwirakwiye, kandi irangi ryanyowe ntiritanga urumuri rwibasiye aho hantu. Kwica akaremangingo k'ikibyimba karimo EBV hakoreshejwe ikindi kintu cyitabira urumuri ni ukwica akaremangingo, si ikimenyetso cy'igikorwa cyo kurwanya virusi. Icyo cyuho ni ingenzi igihe umuntu asoma uko ingano ya virusi n'ibimenyetso byo kongera gukora kwayo bipimwa koko.

Kuvura hakoreshejwe umuti unyobwa n'ikosa ryo gushingira ku gihe ubwandu butagarutse

Nta kigeragezo cyagenzuwe mu bantu cyabonetse muri iri suzuma cyerekana ko ubururu bwa metilene bukora mu mubiri wose cyangwa bunyobwa bugabanya kugaruka kw'ibisebe ku minwa, bwihutisha gukira, bugabanya virusi zisohoka mu mubiri, cyangwa buhindura igipimo icyo ari cyo cyose cya EBV, nk'umubare wa kopi za DNA mu maraso cyangwa mu macandwe, cyangwa ibimenyetso byasobanuwe byo kwiyongera kwa virusi kwangiza uturemangingo. Ubushakashatsi kuri herpes mu bantu bukoresha irangi risigwa hamwe n'urumuri rumurikirwa aho riri. Gutanga umuti ukora mu mubiri wose hatabayeho urumuri rwibasiye ahantu runaka ni ubundi buryo, kandi bukeneye ikigeragezo cyabwo: kigabanya abantu ku buryo bwa tombola, gihisha abitabiriye cyangwa abasuzuma itsinda bahawe, kandi gifite itsinda rihabwa umuti udafite ikigize gikora; kirimo abantu byemejwe ko ubwandu bubagarukaho, igihe cy'ibanze cyo gupima inshuro busanzwe bugaruka, igenzura ryateganyijwe mbere ry'ingano y'umuti n'urumuri bikoreshwa, gukurikirana mu mezi atandatu kugeza kuri cumi n'abiri, gufata ibyitegererezo by'ibihanaguzo kenshi bikapimwa na qPCR, kwandika ibikurura ubwandu, no kugenzura umutekano. Amahame rusange ku ngano y'ubururu bwa metilene bunyobwa n'uko bwinjira mu mubiri ntasimbura ibyo bipimo by'ibisubizo.

Aha ni ho inkuru ikunze kuvugwa inanirwa kuba ikimenyetso. Umuntu atangira uburyo bwinshi icyarimwe, akavuga ko yamaze amezi adafite ibisebe ku minwa, maze akabyitirira bumwe muri bwo. Ibice by'ubwandu bwa HSV bishobora kwegerana, hanyuma bikamara amezi bitagaragara, nubwo virusi iba itarakuwe mu matsinda y'uturemangingo tw'imyakura yumva. Ibikurura ubwandu birahinduka, ibyo umuntu yiteze bigahindura ibyo avuga, kandi amahirwe gusa ashobora gutuma habaho ibihe bitarimo ibisebe. Iyo habayeho impinduka nyinshi icyarimwe, nta gereranya ry'ibyaba byarabaye hatabayeho kimwe muri byo rihari ngo ryitirire icyo gihe ikintu kimwe. Urukurikirane rwo mu 1975 kuri herpes yo ku myanya ndangagitsina rwerekanye ibinyuranye n'ibyo: koroherwa n'ibimenyetso by'ako kanya, ariko inshuro ubwandu bwagarukaga ntizigabanuke. Gukiza ibisebe biriho ubu si kimwe no kubuza ibizaza.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibimenyetso hakurikijwe virusi n'aho yageragerejwe

Uko wakoresha ibi bimenyetso

Baza ibibazo bine kuri buri nyandiko yatanzwe. Ese hakoreshejwe urumuri cyangwa umwijima? Kuko guhagarika virusi hakoreshejwe irangi n'urumuri bidateganya guhagarika virusi mu mubiri wose. Ese harebwe uduce twa virusi tutari mu turemangingo, igisebe gihari, cyangwa ububiko bwa virusi yihishe? Kuko ikigamijwe gihuye n'ikivugwa ari cyo cyonyine gishobora kugisubiza. Ese hapimwe ubushobozi bwo kwanduza, gukira, kugaruka kw'ubwandu, cyangwa ingano ya virusi? Kuko umubare werekana ubushobozi bwo kwanduza udashobora gusubiza ikibazo cyo kugaruka kw'ubwandu. Ese ni HSV cyangwa EBV? Kuko igisebe gishobora kugerwaho n'ububiko bukwirakwiye bw'uturemangingo twa B ari ibibazo bitandukanye. Ibimenyetso bihari bishyigikira interuro imwe ifite imbibi zisobanutse: ubururu bwa metilene bushobora guhagarika HSV ku buryo bukomeye hakoreshejwe urumuri, iyo virusi iri hanze y'uturemangingo ihuye n'irangi, ogisijeni n'urumuri rukwiye. Ibimenyetso by'uko kuvura ibisebe bigaruka bifite inyungu z'ingenzi ku murwayi ni bike kandi bitandukanye; ibimenyetso byo kubuza ubwandu kugaruka hakoreshejwe umuti unyobwa ntibihari, kandi ibimenyetso bitaziguye by'ingaruka zo kurwanya EBV ntibihari. Kumara igihe nta bisebe ku minwa mu gihe umuntu akoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura icyarimwe ntibihindura na kimwe muri ibyo.