Nkhani
Methylene blue ndi moyo wautali: maselo, nyama, ndi umboni wa anthu
Methylene blue sinasonyezedwe kuti imatalikitsa moyo wa anthu mu kafukufuku amene anapezeka pokonza ndemangayi. Zotsatira zina za ku labotale zimakhudzana ndi kukalamba, koma zimene zimayesedwa zimasiyana kwambiri: maselo kupitiriza kugawikana, mbewa kukhala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba, ndi anthu kumaliza ntchito yoyesa kukumbukira ndi zotsatira zosiyana.
Choncho funso lothandiza kwambiri liyenera kukhala lolunjika: n'chiyani chinakhala ndi moyo wautali, m'mikhalidwe yotani, ndipo kutalika kwa moyo kunayesedwa bwanji? Yankho limalepheretsa njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe ikuoneka yolimbikitsa kusanduka zonena kuti anthu angawonjezere zaka za moyo.
Matanthauzo anayi a zonena zoletsa kukalamba
- Kukalamba kwa maselo: mkhalidwe umene maselo amasiya kugawikana ndipo amasintha m'njira zina. Kuchedwetsa mkhalidwewu m'maselo okulitsidwa ku labotale n'kosiyana ndi kuchotsa maselo amene afika kale mu mkhalidwewu.
- Kutalika kwa moyo: nthawi imene chamoyo chimakhalabe ndi moyo. Kafukufuku wa nthawi ya moyo amatsatira nyama kapena anthu, kuphatikizapo imfa, m'malo mongoyeza maselo awo.
- Nthawi ya moyo wathanzi: nthawi imene munthu kapena nyama imakhala ndi moyo pamene thanzi ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito zikadali bwino. Kuyeza kapangidwe ka mafupa kapena kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito thupi kungapereke chidziwitso pa mbali imodzi ya moyo wathanzi popanda kusonyeza kuti moyo watalika.
- Msinkhu wa thupi malinga ndi kuyeza kwake: chiwerengero choyerekezera chochokera ku miyeso yosankhidwa. Kusintha kwa chiwerengerochi ndi zotsatira zoyesedwa paokha, osati umboni wakuti munthu wakhala ndi moyo zaka zowonjezera.
Lipoti la kafukufuku lingapereke umboni wamphamvu wa chimodzi mwa zonena zimenezi koma umboni wochepa wa china. Ndemanga ya umboni wa phindu kwa anthu imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyanitsa kumeneku pa zonena zina zokhudza methylene blue.
Zimene kafukufuku wa maselo akusonyeza
Mu mayesero a Atamna ndi anzake pa maselo a fibroblast, methylene blue yowonjezeredwa mu chisakanizo chokulitsira maselo inachedwetsa kukalamba kwa maselo a fibroblast a m'mapapo a munthu a IMR90. Ofufuzawo ananena kuti chiwerengero cha maselo chinawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri maulendo oposa 20 owonjezera poyerekezera ndi maselo oyerekezera. Maselowo ankawerengedwa ndi kuikidwanso m'malo okulitsira mobwerezabwereza, choncho “kutalika kwa moyo” kunatanthauza kuthekera kwawo kopitiriza kuchulukana.
Kuwirikiza kawiri kwa maselo kumatanthauza kuti chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka kufika kawiri. Kuwirikiza kawiri maulendo 20 owonjezera sikutanthauza zaka 20 zowonjezera, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa 20% pa kutalika kwa moyo wa munthu amene anapereka maselowo. Mayeserowo anayezanso kusintha kwa mitochondria, zomwe zinathandiza kuchirikiza lingaliro la mmene zinthu zingagwirire ntchito m'thupi popanda kutsimikizira kubwezeretsa thupi lonse kukhala lachinyamata. Mmene mayesero a fibroblast amayezera kukalamba kwa maselo amafotokoza kusiyana pakati pa kuchulukana kwa maselo ndi kuchotsa maselo amene akalamba.
Lipoti lachiwiri limene limatchulidwa kawirikawiri linafufuza chitsanzo cha matenda enaake. Kafukufuku wa Xiong ndi anzake pa progeria anaika maselo a fibroblast ochokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria mu chisakanizo chokulitsira maselo chokhala ndi methylene blue. Zolakwika za mu nyukiliyasi ndi mitochondria zinachepa; kukula kwa maselo kunatsatiridwa kwa masabata 12, ndipo miyeso ina inachitika pa nthawi zazifupi kuposa imeneyo.
Awa anali maselo ochokera kwa anthu, osati anthu omwe anapatsidwa mankhwala mu kafukufuku. Matendawa amakhudza puloteni ya progerin yosakhazikika bwino, choncho kusintha bwino kwa makhalidwe a maselowo sikutsimikizira njira yochizira progeria kapena zotsatira zonse pa kukalamba kwa anthu athanzi. Kufotokozera chitsanzo cha maselo a progeria kumafotokoza funso locheperako limeneli la kafukufuku. Zotsatira za zodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zopaka pakhungu zili mu ndemanga yapadera ya umboni wa kusamalira khungu.
Magawo a umboni: chamoyo, zotsatira zoyesedwa, ndi nthawi
Werengani magawowa kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi, mukuyandikira funso la moyo wautali wa anthu. Kugwirizana kwambiri ndi funsolo sikutsimikizira kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino. Mzere uliwonse umatchula zimene zinaonedwadi.
| Gawo la umboni ndi kafukufuku | Chitsanzo ndi mmene chinapatsidwira methylene blue | Nthawi | Zotsatira zoyesedwa ndi tanthauzo lake |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Kukalamba kwa maselo chifukwa cha kugawikana mobwerezabwereza | Maselo a fibroblast a munthu a IMR90; methylene blue mu chisakanizo chokulitsira maselo poyerekezera ndi maselo osapatsidwa methylene blue | Kupatsidwa mosalekeza pamene maselo amasamutsidwa mlungu uliwonse mpaka akalamba ndi kusiya kugawikana | Maulendo amene chiwerengero cha maselo chinawirikiza kawiri ndi miyeso ya mitochondria; nthawi imene maselo ankatha kuchulukana inatalika |
| 1. Kusintha kwa maselo kokhudzana ndi matenda | Maselo a fibroblast abwinobwino ndi a progeria; kupatsidwa 100 nM mu chisakanizo chokulitsira maselo poyerekezera ndi chosakanizira chopanda methylene blue mu mayesero a kukula omwe atchulidwa | Kukula kunatsatiridwa kwa masabata 12; mayeso osankhidwa a mitochondria ndi nyukiliyasi pa masabata 5–8 | Kukula ndi kapangidwe ka maselo; palibe kuyeza nthawi ya moyo wa odwala |
| 2. Nthawi ya moyo wa nyama yonse | Mbewa zazimuna ndi zazikazi za UM-HET3; methylene blue hydrate m'chakudya poyerekezera ndi chakudya choyerekezera | Kuyambira pa msinkhu wa miyezi 4 mpaka kutsatira moyo wonse | Palibe phindu lodziwika mwa ziwerengero pa nthawi yapakati ya moyo pamene deta inaphatikizidwa; nthawi ya moyo pa persentayilo ya 90 mwa zazikazi inawonjezeka 6% |
| 3. Mbali ya kugwira ntchito kwa thupi yokhudzana ndi kukalamba | Mbewa zazikazi za C57BL/6J za miyezi 18; methylene blue m'madzi akumwa poyerekezera ndi madzi wamba | Miyezi 6 kapena 12 | Kuyeza mafupa ndi micro-CT; palibe chitetezo ku kuchepa kwa mafupa kokhudzana ndi kukalamba |
| 4. Mayesero a nthawi yochepa mwa anthu | Akuluakulu athanzi 26; kupatsidwa methylene blue kamodzi kudzera pakamwa poyerekezera ndi placebo | Kuyeza asanapatsidwe ndi patatha ola 1 atapatsidwa | Ntchito ya ubongo yokhudzana ndi ntchito yoyesedwa ndi kuthekera kokumbukira; palibe kuyeza kutalika kwa moyo kapena nthawi yayitali ya moyo wathanzi |
Kuchuluka kwa methylene blue ndi njira zoperekera zimafotokoza mayeserowo. Sizipereka ndondomeko yoti anthu azitsatira kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali. Makamaka, kuwonjezera mankhwala mwachindunji mu chisakanizo chokulitsira maselo kumadutsa njira za kuyamwidwa, kufalikira, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwalawo m'thupi lathunthu. Malo osonkhanitsa kafukufuku amakonza kafukufuku malinga ndi mfundo zimenezi za kapangidwe ka mayesero.
Chifukwa chake zotsatira za mbewa zimafunika miyeso iwiri ya kutalika kwa moyo
Kafukufuku wa Interventions Testing Program wochitikira m'malo atatu anagwiritsa ntchito mbewa zosiyanasiyana pa majini awo. Gawo lofotokoza njira za kafukufukuyu limatchula 28 mg ya methylene blue hydrate pa kilogalamu ya chakudya; gawo la zotsatira limatchula 27 mg/kg ya chakudya. Zonsezi zimafotokoza kuchuluka kwake m'chakudya, osati mamiligalamu pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi.
Mizere ya pa tchati yosonyeza nthawi ya moyo kuchokera ku deta yophatikizidwa sinasonyeze kusintha kwabwino kodziwika mwa ziwerengero mwa zazimuna kapena zazikazi. Komabe, mwa zazikazi, nthawi ya moyo pa persentayilo ya 90 inawonjezeka kuchoka pa masiku 1,072 kufika pa 1,138, pafupifupi 6%, ndi P = .004. Ofufuzawo sanaone kuti zotsatira zonsezo zinali zokwanira kutsimikizira kuti njira imeneyi inali yothandiza poletsa kukalamba pa kuchuluka komwe kunayesedwa.
Nthawi yapakati ya moyo ndi msinkhu umene theka la gulu lafa. Nthawi ya moyo pa persentayilo ya 90 imafotokoza mbali ya amene amakhala ndi moyo mpaka msinkhu wokulirapo, pamene pafupifupi 90% afa. Apa, “nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya moyo” imatanthauza muyeso wotengera persentayilowo, osati msinkhu wa nyama imodzi yomwe yaphwanya mbiri ya moyo wautali. Njira inayake ingakhudze mbali imodzi ya kugawidwa kwa nthawi za moyo popanda kukweza nthawi yapakati. Zotsatira zopezeka pa nyama zazikazi zokha sizingatsimikizirenso phindu mwa akazi.
Nthawi ya moyo wathanzi iyenera kuyesedwa payokha
Mayesero a 2024 pa kukalamba kwa mafupa akusonyeza chifukwa chake njira yogwirira ntchito yokha si yokwanira. Ngakhale panali zifukwa zomveka zofunira kukonza kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mitochondria, methylene blue sinaletse kuchepa kwa mafupa mwa mbewa zazikazi zokalamba zomwe zinapatsidwa m'madzi akumwa. Mayesero ena m'lipoti lomwelo sanapezenso chitetezo cha mafupa pamene mbewa zosiyanasiyana pa majini awo zinapatsidwa methylene blue m'chakudya.
Izi sizitsimikizira kuti zotsatira zonse zomwe zingatheke pa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi sizikhudzidwa. Koma zimasonyeza kuti zotsatira zabwino m'maselo okulitsidwa ku labotale sizingaganiziridwe kuti zidzateteza chiwalo chomwe chikukalamba. Ndemanga ya umboni wa kukalamba kwa mafupa imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane vuto limeneli la kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za mtundu umodzi wa kafukufuku pa mtundu wina.
Zimene mayesero mwa anthu ndi malipoti a munthu payekha angatsimikizire
Kafukufuku wa kujambula zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi mwa anthu ogawidwa m'magulu mwachisawawa anafufuza kuyankha kwa nthawi yochepa pambuyo popatsidwa methylene blue kudzera pakamwa. Sungayankhe ngati kupatsidwa mobwerezabwereza kumasunga kuthekera kodzisamalira, kumateteza ku matenda okhudzana ndi kukalamba, kapena kumatalikitsa moyo pakapita zaka. Mankhwala angakhale ndi zotsatira za nthawi yochepa zomwe zingayesedwe popanda kuwongolera chilichonse mwa zotsatira zimenezo.
Kuganiza komweku kumagwiranso ntchito pa mayeso oyerekeza msinkhu wa thupi. Ngakhale chiwerengero chitatsika munthu atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito methylene blue, zomwe zaonedwazo zimangotsimikizira kusintha kwa chiwerengero. Kusonyeza phindu la kutalika kwa moyo kumafuna umboni wakuti njira yogwiritsidwa ntchitoyo imatalikitsa moyo, kapena muyeso wolowa m'malo mwa nthawi ya moyo womwe watsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa pa njira imeneyo ndi gulu la anthu limenelo. Chiwerengero chomwe chimalosera chiopsezo pakati pa anthu sichimangosonyeza kuti kusintha chiwerengerocho kumasintha chiopsezocho.
Malipoti a munthu payekha okhudza njira zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ali ndi vuto lina. Ngati munthu asintha chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugona, zowonjezera m'zakudya zingapo, ndi methylene blue nthawi imodzi, kusintha kwabwino komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake sikungasonyeze padera zimene methylene blue yathandiza. Kuyeza mobwerezabwereza ndi kungofotokoza zotsatira zina zosankhidwa kungasokonezenso mmene zinthu zikuonekera. Nkhani zoterezi zingathandize kupanga mafunso a kafukufuku, koma sizingawerenge zaka za moyo zomwe zawonjezeka.
Tanthauzo lake posankha zochita zokhudza moyo wautali
Zotsatira zomwe zilipo zikuchirikiza kufunikira kwa kafukufuku wina, osati mlingo kapena ndondomeko yotsimikiziridwa yogwiritsira ntchito methylene blue kuti moyo utalike. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri pofuna kupewa mavuto kungafune umboni wa kuipa komwe kungachulukane pakapita nthawi komanso wa phindu lake. Zolemba zamakono za mankhwala obaya zimafotokoza kugwirizana koopsa ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin komanso kuletsedwa kwake kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kusowa kwa G6PD chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Sizitsimikizira kuti kumwa kwa nthawi yaitali pofuna kuthana ndi kukalamba n'koyenera.
Musanaganize zogwiritsa ntchito nokha, werengani za zotsatira zosafunika ndi mikhalidwe imene methylene blue sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo kambiranani ndi katswiri wa zachipatala za mankhwala enieniwo ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Poyesa zonena za moyo wautali, funsani za chamoyo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku, njira yoperekera, nthawi yopatsidwa, choyerekezera, ndi zotsatira zenizeni zomwe zinayesedwa. Ngati zotsatira zoyesedwazo ndi kukula kwa maselo kapena chiwerengero cha mayeso, zonenazo ziyenera kukhalabe zokhudza kukula kwa maselo kapena chiwerengero cha mayeso amenewo.