Maganin Kare Rana na Methylene Blue: Binciken UV da Iyakokinsa

Wani saƙo a kafafen sada zumunta yana ikirarin cewa methylene blue yana aiki a matsayin maganin kare rana. Ya ambaci wani bincike na gaske inda rinin ya sha hasken ultraviolet kuma ya rage lalacewa a ƙwayoyin fatar da aka raina a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken yana nan. Amma sakamakon da aka fitar daga gare shi bai samo asali daga hujjojin binciken ba.

Matsalar sananniya ce a ikirarin da suka shafi lafiya. Ana ɗaukar ma'aunin dakin gwaje-gwaje a matsayin gwajin samfur. Don fahimtar ikirarin methylene blue game da fallasa ga rana yadda ya kamata, a ware tambayoyi uku: shin ƙwayar sinadarin tana shan UV, shin tana kare fata mai rai daga rana, kuma shin sinadari ne da aka ba da izinin amfani da shi wajen kare rana a cikin samfurin da aka kammala. Binciken 2021 ya amsa tambaya ta farko a wani ɓangare, ya ba da wata alama kan ta biyu a ƙwayoyin halitta kawai, kuma bai amsa ta uku ko kaɗan ba.

Abin da binciken da ake yawan ambata ya gwada

Takardar da aka fi ambata ita ce binciken 2021 na Xiong da abokan aikinsa kan yiwuwar kariya daga ultraviolet ta methylene blue, wanda aka jera a PubMed. Marubutan sun gabatar da methylene blue a matsayin sinadarin da za a iya bincika don amfani da shi wajen kare rana, har da yiwuwar maye gurbin oxybenzone. Ba su yi ikirarin cewa sun tabbatar da ingancin maganin toshe hasken rana na methylene blue don amfani ga mutane ba. A tattaunawarsu, sun bayyana cewa za a buƙaci ƙarin binciken aminci kafin neman shigar da shi cikin takardar ƙa'idojin magungunan kare rana.

Dukkan gwaje-gwajen sun kasance na matakin kafin gwaji a mutane. Babu mutane masu rai da suka shiga binciken, kuma ba a shafa wani maganin kare rana da aka kammala a fatar mutum ba. Marubuta biyu suna da alaƙa da Mblue Labs, kuma jami'ar da kamfanin sun gabatar da buƙatar haƙƙin mallaka ta haɗin gwiwa kan methylene blue a matsayin sinadarin kare rana. Bayyana wata maslaha ta kasuwanci ba ya soke ingancin bayanai, amma ƙarin dalili ne na karanta takamaiman abubuwan da aka auna da kyau.

An fara da nazarin shan haske na ruwan sinadari. Ƙungiyar ta kwatanta methylene blue a ruwan gishiri da oxybenzone a ruwan narkarwa a zangon 200 zuwa 400 nanometers. Methylene blue ya fi shan haske a ƙasa da kusan 310 nanometers, yayin da oxybenzone ya fi shan haske a tsawon raƙuman da suka fi haka. Wannan sifa ce ta ƙwayoyin sinadaran da aka narkar a ruwa. Ba ma'aunin wani man shafawa da aka shimfiɗa a matsayin siririn shimfiɗa a fata ba ne.

Gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin halitta suka biyo baya. An fara sa ƙwayoyin keratinocyte na fata na mutum na al'ada cikin 100 nanomolar na methylene blue na tsawon makonni biyu, sannan aka fallasa su ga UVB mai kololuwar haske a 302 nanometers. Rukunin ƙwayoyin da aka yi wa wannan shiri sun nuna ƙarancin martani ga lalacewar DNA, wanda aka auna da gamma-H2AX, tare da ƙarin iya rayuwa da ƙarancin rinin alamar tsufan ƙwayoyin halitta. Wani aikin da aka yi a lokaci guda a ƙwayoyin keratinocyte da layukan ƙwayoyin fibroblast na mutum guda huɗu ya gano raguwar superoxide a mitochondria da ƙaruwa a yawaitar ƙwayoyin halitta. Wani ƙarin kwatanci ya gano cewa 100 nanomolar na oxybenzone bai samar da irin wannan fa'ida ga ƙwayoyin halitta a wannan matakin ƙarfi ba. Amma ruwan sinadari mai ƙarfin nanomolar da ƙwayoyin halittar da aka ware suke ciki yana gwada yadda ƙwayoyin ke amsa lalacewa, yayin da siririn shimfiɗar maganin kare rana a fata yake tare haske kafin ya kai ga ƙwayoyin. Yanayin biyu suna amfani da kalmar kariya, amma hanyoyi daban-daban suke gwadawa.

Gwajin murjani ƙarami ne kuma ya dogara da lura da halaye maimakon ma'auni na adadi. An saka gutsuttsuran murjani mai laushi na Xenia umbellata a ruwan teku mai 1 micromolar na methylene blue ko 1 micromolar na oxybenzone na kusan mako guda. Rukunin oxybenzone ya lalace, yayin da rukunin methylene blue bai lalace ba. Wannan ya shafi rayuwar gutsuttsuran a ɗan gajeren lokaci kawai. Ba tantance amincinsa ga raƙuman murjani ba ne, kuma bai nuna kome game da kariya daga rana ga mutane ba.

Wani bayani a kalmomin takardar ya cancanci kulawa. Taƙaitaccen bayanin binciken ya ambaci kawar da nau'ikan oxygen masu saurin martani a ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda UVA ya haifar, amma hanyoyin binciken sun bayyana tsarin fallasa ga UVB ba tare da wani gwajin UVA da aka sarrafa wanda ya dace da shi ba. Fassarar da ta fi taka-tsantsan ita ce binciken ya nuna raguwar lalacewa bayan fallasa ƙwayoyin da aka raina ga UVB a gwaji, tare da halayen rage aikin sinadaran oxidant. Bai nuna kai tsaye hana ROS da UVA ke haifarwa a ƙarƙashin fallasa ga UVA da aka sarrafa ba.

Masu karatu da suke son ƙarin bayani kan yadda gwaje-gwajen tsufan fata masu alaƙa da wannan suka bambanta da gwaje-gwajen mutane za su iya kwatanta wannan da hujjojin haɗa samfuran kula da fata, wanda ya ware rainon ƙwayoyin halitta, fatar da aka sake gina a dakin gwaje-gwaje, da gwajin samfurin da aka kammala.

Kwatanta hujjoji: nau'in gwajin UV da abin da zai iya tabbatarwa

Wannan tebur shi ne jigon labarin. Yi amfani da shi don gano matakin hujjar duk wani ikirarin maganin kare rana na methylene blue. Kowane jere yana ambaton gwaji, yana bayyana abin da sakamako mai kyau zai iya tabbatarwa, kuma yana bayyana abin da har yanzu yake buƙatar wani gwaji daban.

Nau'in gwajin UV	Abin da zai iya tabbatarwa	Abin da ba zai iya tabbatarwa ba
Zangon shan haske na ruwan sinadari, 200 zuwa 400 nm	Cewa ƙwayar sinadarin tana shan photons na UV a ruwa a matakan ƙarfin da aka gwada	Cewa man shafawa yana kare fatar mutum, ko SPF ɗinsa, ma'aunin kariyarsa daga UVA, ko matsayin kariyarsa a faɗin zangon haske
Rayuwar ƙwayoyin keratinocyte da aka raina bayan UVB	Cewa ƙwayoyin da aka yi wa shiri tun farko sun fi jure lalacewar gwaji a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi	Cewa siririn shimfiɗar da aka shafa tana hana ƙonewar rana ko lalacewar DNA a fata da ba a ware ƙwayoyinta ba
Ma'aunin ROS a ƙwayoyin halitta da yawaitarsu	Halayen rage aikin oxidant ko na redox a wannan tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta	Cewa an rage lalacewar oxidation da rana ke haifarwa a mutane, ko cewa UVA ne ya haddasa ta ba tare da fallasa ga UVA da aka sarrafa ba
Lura da gutsuttsuran murjani na tsawon kwanaki	Tasirin kwatanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci a kan waɗannan gutsuttsuran	Aminci ga raƙuman murjani gaba ɗaya, ko wani sakamakon inganci a mutane
Maganin kare rana da aka kammala wanda aka gwada a fatar mutum ko faranti na PMMA	Kariya daga erythema, ma'aunin kariya daga UVA, muhimmin tsawon raƙuma, da juriyar wannan haɗin ga haske	Babu abin da ya wuce haɗin da aka gwada, adadin da aka shafa, da yanayin fallasa

Tsarin da ke cikin jerin ya yi daidai. Jerin farko suna gwada sinadarai ko ƙwayoyin halitta. Jere na ƙarshe kawai yake gwada kariya daga rana. Ikirarin maganin kare rana na methylene blue yana buƙatar jere na ƙarshe.

Kariya daga haske ba kishiyar kunna martani da haske ba ce, amma halaye ne daban

Methylene blue yana da ayyuka biyu masu alaƙa da haske waɗanda suke kama da masu saɓawa juna, amma dukansu na gaske ne. A wasu tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta, yana aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a redox tare da tasirin rage aikin oxidant. A ƙarƙashin hasken da ya dace, yana aiki a matsayin sinadarin kunna martani da haske wanda yake samar da nau'ikan oxygen masu saurin martani, ciki har da singlet oxygen. Maganin photodynamic yana amfani da wannan hali na biyu da gangan don lalata ƙwayoyin halitta ko ƙananan halittun da ake nufi, kamar yadda aka yi nazari a amfani da methylene blue a photodynamic. Wannan kuma shi ne dalilin da ya sa methylene blue tare da na'urorin jan haske suke buƙatar tantancewa dabam, kamar yadda muka tattauna a jagorarmu kan jiyya mai haɗa haske.

Bambancin ya dogara da yanayi: tsawon raƙuma, adadin haske, ƙarfin sinadari, yanayin taruwar ƙwayoyin sinadari, samuwar oxygen, da wurin da rinin yake idan aka kwatanta da nama mai rai. Ana yawan amfani da jan haske a kusan 630 zuwa 670 nanometers don kunna methylene blue a aikin photodynamic. Hasken rana yana ɗauke da zangon UV, hasken da ido ke gani, da infrared tare, don haka siririn shimfiɗar da aka shafa za ta fuskanci haɗaɗɗen haske maimakon tsawon raƙuma guda ɗaya na dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Tacewar maganin kare rana ya kamata ta tare UV mai cutarwa ta kuma watsar da makamashinsa ta hanyoyin da ba su da illa sosai, tare da kasancewa da ɗorewa. Sinadarin kunna martani da haske yana amfani da makamashin photon da ya sha don tafiyar da martanin sinadarai da ke haifar da nau'ikan sinadarai masu saurin martani. Saboda haka, shan UV ya zama dole ga sinadarin da ake bincika a matsayin tacewar UV, amma bai isa ba ko kusa. Takardar 2021 ba ta gwada ko siririn shimfiɗar methylene blue da aka shafa a ƙarƙashin hasken rana tana samar da singlet oxygen kusa da fata mai rai ba, ko waɗanne sinadarai haske yake haifarwa, ko yadda siffofin da suka samu oxidation da reduction suke aiki. Duk wanda yake tantance ikirarin toshe hasken rana na methylene blue ya kamata ya ɗauki waɗannan tambayoyi a matsayin waɗanda ba a amsa ba har sai an gwada haɗin da aka kammala a ƙarƙashin fallasa mai kama da hasken rana.

Methylene blue ba sinadarin kare rana ne da aka ba da izini ba

Matsayin izinin hukumomi ya bambanta da alamun da binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje yake bayarwa. A Amurka, sinadaran kare rana masu aiki a samfuran da ake sayarwa ba tare da takardar likita ba suna cikin OTC Monograph M020. Ba a jera methylene blue a cikinsa ba. A Tarayyar Turai, dole ne tacewar UV da ake amfani da ita a kayan kwalliya ta kasance cikin Annex VI na Regulation 1223/2009. Methylene blue ba tacewar UV ce da aka ba da izini a Annex VI ba.

Amincewa a wani fanni ba ta wucewa kai tsaye zuwa wani. Methylene blue da ake ba da shi ta jijiya yana da amfani a matsayin magani da aka amince da shi, kuma rinin yana da ayyuka wajen gano yanayin lafiya da aiwatar da hanyoyin jinya waɗanda aka tattauna a bayyani kan amfanin da aka ba da izini da wanda ake bincika. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan da yake sa shi zama sinadarin kare rana da aka amince da shi. Izinin maganin kare rana ya shafi takamaiman sinadari, a takamaiman nau'in samfur, a takamaiman yanayin amfani.

Abin da tabbatar da ingancin kariya daga rana zai buƙata

Samfurin methylene blue da aka kammala wanda yake ikirarin SPF ko kariya a faɗin zangon haske zai buƙaci jerin gwaje-gwajen maganin kare rana na ƙa'ida, waɗanda za a yi a kan wannan haɗin da aka kammala. Ana auna SPF a mutane: a shafa samfurin a adadin 2 milligrams per square centimeter, a fallasa shi da na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana mai 290 zuwa 400 nanometers, ta hanyoyi kamar ISO 24444 don SPF a jiki mai rai. Abin da ake auna a ƙarshe shi ne erythema, wanda mafi yawa martani ne ga UVB. Babu gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta da zai iya maye gurbinsa.

Kariya daga UVA tana buƙatar nata ma'aunin maimakon ɗaukar sakamako daga zangon shan haske na ruwan sinadari. A tsarin da ake amfani da shi a duniya, ana gwada ma'aunin kariya daga UVA a jiki mai rai a ƙarƙashin ISO 24442, ana tantance halayensa a wajen jiki a ƙarƙashin ISO 24443, ko a yi dukansu. Jagororin Turai suna buƙatar kariya daga UVA ta kasance aƙalla kashi ɗaya cikin uku na SPF da aka rubuta a lakabi.

Muhimmin tsawon raƙuma yana auna nisan da kariyar ta kai cikin UVA, ana ayyana shi daga shan haske na siririn shimfiɗar samfurin da aka kammala, inda 370 nanometers yake zama iyakar samun matsayin kariya a faɗin zangon haske a hanyar takardar ƙa'idojin magungunan kare rana. Rinin da aka narkar a ruwan gishiri ba zai iya samar da wannan ƙimar ba. Dole ne kuma a gwada juriyar haske kai tsaye ta hanyar fara fallasa siririn shimfiɗar samfurin ga haske sannan a auna kariyar da ta rage. Har sai an yi waɗannan gwaje-gwaje a ainihin man shafawar, maganar maganin kare rana na methylene blue mai ɗorewa hasashe ce.

Gwaji a mutane kuma yana gano abin da aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje yake rasa: ko siririn shimfiɗar tana samuwa daidai ko'ina, ko zufa tana cire ta, ko tabon rini yana sa shafawa yadda ya kamata ta zama da wahala, da kuma ko illar haske tana bayyana. Barin tabon shuɗi ba ƙaramin bayani ba ne a nan. Launin da ido yake gani wanda bai yi daidai ko'ina ba na iya nuna cewa shafawar ba ta yi daidai ko'ina ba, kuma shafawar da ba ta yi daidai ko'ina ba tana rage kariya.

Yadda za a tunkari ikirarin fallasa ga rana a aikace

A ɗauki methylene blue a matsayin sinadari mai ban sha'awa don binciken UV wanda babu samfurin maganin kare rana da aka tabbatar da ingancinsa a bayansa. Kada a maye gurbin maganin kare rana da aka gwada da ruwan sinadari, sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje, ko lura da murjani. Kada a haɗa rini da man ƙara danshin fata ko mai don yin maganin kare rana a gida. Wannan labarin bai bayar da girke-girke ba domin ba za a iya sarrafa tsarmawa, daidaituwar haɗi, ɗorewa, kiyaye samfurin daga lalacewa, adadin shafawa, da martanin sinadarai da haske a gida ba, kuma jagorar sinadaran ruwan haɗi ta bayyana dalilin da ya sa kammalallen samfurin ruwa ya fi rini da ruwa kawai. Don kariya ta gaske daga rana, a yi amfani da inuwa, tufafin kariya, da maganin kare rana wanda lakabinsa ya bayyana SPF da aka gwada da kuma, inda ya dace, kariya a faɗin zangon haske ko kariya daga UVA.

Don kariya ta gaske daga rana, a yi amfani da matakan da suke da hujja kai tsaye: inuwa, tufafin kariya, da maganin kare rana wanda lakabinsa ya bayyana SPF da aka gwada da kuma, inda ya dace, kariya a faɗin zangon haske ko kariya daga UVA. Ga tambayoyin methylene blue da suka shafi haɗiye rinin don kariya daga rana, a lura cewa kariya daga haske ta hanyar baki ikirari ne na daban wanda yake buƙatar nasa gwaje-gwaje, kuma amfani da sinadarin cikin jiki yana da batutuwan hulɗa da magunguna da yanayin da bai dace a yi amfani da shi ba, waɗanda aka taƙaita a nazarinmu na aminci da hulɗa. Masu karatu da suke tantance tsare-tsaren haɗa haske ya kamata su ware tantance maganin kare rana daga hujjojin maganin photodynamic, inda ake nufin haske tare da rini su lalata abin da aka nufa maimakon kare fata.