Isihloko
Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke nokwesikhathi eside kwe-methylene blue: yini eseyacwaningwa?
Ucwaningo alusunguli uhlelo olujwayelekile lokusebenzisa i-methylene blue nsuku zonke kubantu abadala abaphilile. Ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe kubantu sekucwaningiwe, kuhlanganise nesivivinyo esincane sezengqondo esathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kukhona nezivivinyo ezinde zefomula ehlobene kodwa ehlukile ngokwekhemikhali. Akukho kulawa maqembu ocwaningo okusungula ukuthi isixazululo sokudayisa esingacacisiwe siphephile noma sinenzuzo uma sisetshenziswa isikhathi esingenamkhawulo.
Umbuzo owusizo ucacile kakhulu kunokuthi “Ingabe kukhona oseke wakucwaninga isikhathi eside?” Uthi: iyiphi into, enikezwe ngayiphi indlela, kubani, isikhathi esingakanani, futhi yiziphi izinkomba ezilinganisiwe?
Funda isikhathi sokuchayeka nokulandelelwa ngokwehlukana
Isikhathi sokuchayeka sichaza ukuthi ukwelashwa kwanikezwa nini. Ukulandelelwa kuchaza ukuthi abacwaningi babahlola nini ababambiqhaza ngemva kwalokho. Ukulandelelwa kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zokwelashwa akusho ukuthi kwasetshenziswa umthamo izinyanga ezintathu. Ngokufanayo, ucwaningo oluphela lapho amagundane eseneminyaka engu-30 yezinyanga alusho ngempela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwathatha izinyanga ezingu-30.
Isithombe sekhava sikhombisa lo mehluko ngendlela yesikimu. Amachashazi aso ayachaza, awawona idatha elinganisiwe yocwaningo. Ishadi elingezansi linikeza izikhathi zangempela ezivela ezifundweni ezikhethiwe. “Akukho ukulandelelwa okuhlukile okubikiwe” kusho ukuthi umbiko ocashuniwe awuqinisekisi isikhathi esengeziwe sokubhekwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa; akusho ukuthi yonke imiphumela engase yenzeke kamuva yahlolwa futhi yatholakala ijwayelekile.
Ishadi lesikhathi socwaningo
| Ucwaningo nemodeli | Ifomula nendlela yokunikeza | Isikhathi sokuchayeka | Ukubhekwa noma ukulandelelwa | Umbuzo oyinhloko olinganisiwe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodriguez nozakwabo: imaging yobuchopho kubantu abadala abaphilile | USP methylene blue, methylthioninium chloride; ngomlomo | Ukunikezwa kanye | Isilinganiso sokuqala ne-MRI ephindwayo eqala ngemva kwemizuzu engu-60 | Izinguquko zesikhashana ekugelezeni kwegazi ebuchosheni nakumanethiwekhi, hhayi ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside |
| Ibarra-Estrada nozakwabo: iziguli ezingu-91 ezine-septic shock | Methylene blue ku-saline; ngokufakwa emthanjeni | Ukufakwa kathathu kwansuku zonke, ngakunye kuthatha amahora ayisithupha | Imiphumela yomtholampilo yahlolwa kuze kube usuku 28 | Ukusetshenziswa kwama-vasopressor, imiphumela yasesibhedlela, ukufa nemiphumela engemihle |
| Zoellner nozakwabo: ababambiqhaza abangu-42 abane-PTSD | Methylene blue; ngomlomo, kanye ne-psychotherapy | Ukunikezwa ngemva kwezikhathi ezinhlanu zansuku zonke zokuchayeka ngokucabanga | Ukuhlolwa kuze kufike ekulandelelweni kwezinyanga ezintathu | Izimpawu nokusebenza ngemva kokungenelela okufushane okuhlanganisiwe |
| Gureev nozakwabo: amagundane e-C57BL/6 | MB emazingeni amabili abikiwe okuchayeka nsuku zonke; indlela yokunikeza ayicaciswanga kahle ezindleleni | Amasonto amane | Ukuqoqwa kwendle masonto onke; ukuhlolwa nge-maze ezinsukwini ezinhlanu zokugcina; akukho ukulandelelwa okuhlukile kokululama okubikiwe | Ukwakheka kwe-microbiome nokusebenza ku-maze |
| Jena no-Chainy: amagundane esifazane e-Wistar | Methylene blue emanzini okuphuza; ngomlomo | Izinsuku ezingu-30 | Ukuqoqwa kokugcina kwegazi, isibindi nezinso | Izilinganiso ezikhethiwe ze-oxidative stress nezase-serum; izilwane ezinhlanu eqenjini ngalinye |
| Alda nozakwabo: ababambiqhaza abangu-37 abane-bipolar disorder | Amaphilisi e-methylene blue; ngomlomo; umthamo osebenzayo ophakeme uma uqhathaniswa nophansi | I-crossover yamaviki angu-26: izikhathi ezimbili zokwelashwa zamaviki angu-12 kanye namaviki okushintsha umthamo ne-crossover | Ukuvakashelwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa; ukusebenza kwengqondo kwahlolwa ekuqaleni, emavikini 13 no-26 | Izimpawu zemizwa ezisele, ukusebenza kwengqondo nokubekezeleleka kanye nokwelashwa okukhona |
| Poudel nozakwabo: ukuguga kwamathambo kumagundane | MB emanzini okuphuza kumagundane esifazane asekhulile e-C57BL/6J; MB ekudleni kwamagundane e-UM-HET3 abesilisa nabesifazane | Izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ezingu-12 kwabesifazane asebekhulile; izinyanga ezingu-15 kumagundane e-UM-HET3, kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya ku-22 yezinyanga | Izilinganiso zamathambo ezindaweni zokugcina ezinqunyiwe; akukho ukulandelelwa okuhlukile ngaphandle kokwelashwa | Ukwakheka kwamathambo okuhlobene nobudala, hhayi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuphepha kubantu |
| Gauthier nozakwabo: iziguli ezingu-891 ezine-Alzheimer’s disease | Leuco-methylthioninium bis(hydromethanesulfonate), LMTM; ngomlomo | Isikhathi sokwelashwa esingahleliwe sezinyanga ezingu-15 | Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo nokuphepha phakathi nesivivinyo | Ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukusebenza kwansuku zonke nemiphumela engemihle; i-LMTM yomthamo ophansi njenge-control |
| Auerbach nozakwabo: amagundane e-F344/N namagundane e-B6C3F1 | Methylene blue trihydrate ku-methylcellulose; oral gavage | Iminyaka emibili, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto | Ukuqapha ukusinda ne-pathology yezicubu kuze kube ukuphela kocwaningo | Ubuthi besikhathi eside kanye ne-carcinogenicity |
Le migqa ayizona izincomo zomthamo ezingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana. I-oral gavage iletha into ngqo esiswini; amanzi okuphuza nokudla kuvumela amaphethini ahlukene okuthatha. Ukufakwa emthanjeni kudlula ukumuncwa emathunjini. Ubude besikhathi sokuchayeka abukwazi ukususa leyo mehluko.
Esikufunda ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe kubantu
Isivivinyo se-bipolar sinikeza ulwazi oluhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-methylene blue ngomlomo kuneskena sobuchopho esisodwa. Nokho, ababambiqhaza abangu-27 kuphela kwabangu-37 abaqeda isivivinyo. Ababambiqhaza babene-bipolar disorder, base bevele bethola i-lamotrigine, futhi babeqashwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukuqhathanisa kwasebenzisa umthamo ophansi we-methylene blue kunokusebenzisa i-placebo engasebenzi. Lo mklamo awukwazi ukusungula ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kubantu abaphilile noma ukukhipha ngokuthembekile amathuba emiphumela eyingozi engavamile.
Isivivinyo se-Alzheimer sidinga omunye umehluko. I-LMTM iyifomula ye-methylthioninium encishisiwe futhi ezinzile enama-counterion ahlukile, hhayi isixazululo esivamile se-methylene blue chloride. Isikhathi sayo sezinyanga ezingu-15 akufanele sethulwe njengokuhlolwa komkhiqizo womthengi we-methylene blue izinyanga ezingu-15. Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko okwakuhlelwe kusengaphambili akuzange kubonise inzuzo emithamweni ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ne-control yomthamo ophansi. Kwabikwa imiphumela engemihle yesisu namathumbu neyomchamo kanye nokwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Ukubhekwa isikhathi eside kwakha ulwazi lokuphepha; akuzange kusungule ukungabi bikho kwengozi.
Okungezwa izifundo zezilwane
Izifundo zezilwane zingahlola izicubu nokuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe okungaba nzima ukukuphenya kubantu. Ziphinde zibonise ukuthi kungani umphumela omuhle esilinganisweni esisodwa unganele.
Esivivinyweni samagundane sezinsuku ezingu-30, i-lipid peroxidation yesibindi yanda kuyilapho isilinganiso sezinso sehla. Izilinganiso eziningana zama-antioxidant azizange zishintshe. Ukubiza lonke ucwaningo ngokuthi “ukuvikelwa ngama-antioxidant” kungafihla lo mehluko oqondene nesitho. Esivivinyweni samagundane samasonto amane, ukuchayeka okuphezulu kwabangela izinguquko ezinkulu ku-microbiome. Ucwaningo aluzange lusungule ukuthi lezo zinguquko zaqhubeka yini ngemva kokumisa.
Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside nakho akuzange kuvele kukhiqize inzuzo ebihlosiwe. Izivivinyo zokuguga kwamathambo azizange zivimbele ukulahleka kwamathambo okuhlobene nobudala. Ukuhlobana kwazo nezimangalo zokuphila isikhathi eside kuncike endaweni yokulinganisa: ukwakheka kwamathambo, ukusinda, kanye nobude bokuphila komuntu kuyimibuzo ehlukene.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside lwe-National Toxicology Program lwathola umsebenzi we-carcinogenic ngamazinga ahlukene obufakazi phakathi kobulili nezinhlobo zezilwane. Iphepha elihlobene leminyaka emibili laphinde labika i-anemia kwamanye amaqembu achayekile. Lokhu okutholakele akunikezi inani elithile lengozi yomdlavuza wohlelo lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo womthengi kubantu. Kodwa kuvimbela ukuphatha iminyaka emibili yokunikeza izilwane njengobufakazi obulula bokuphepha. Incazelo yobufakazi be-carcinogenicity ihlola lokhu okutholakele ngokwehlukana.
Ukulutheka, ukuhoxa, ukubekezelela nokusebenzisa ngemijikelezo
La magama achaza imibuzo ehlukene.
- Ukulutheka kubandakanya ukwehluleka ukulawula nokuphikelela nokusebenzisa naphezu kokulimala. Izifundo ezingenhla azisunguli i-syndrome yokulutheka kwe-methylene blue. Futhi aziklanyelwanga ukufakazela ukungabi bikho kwamathuba okuncika kuyo kubasebenzisi abayisebenzisa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuqashwa.
- Ukuhoxa kusho i-syndrome ephindaphindekayo ngemva kokunciphisa noma ukumisa into. Angitholanga ubufakazi obulawulwayo obuchaza i-syndrome ethile yokuhoxa ku-methylene blue. Ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka noma ukungakwazi ukugxila kahle ngemva kokumisa kuyizinto okufanele ziphenywe, kodwa zona zodwa azanele ukukhomba ukuhoxa. Ukubuya kwenkinga ebivele ikhona, ezinye izinto, nezinguquko zokulala kungadida ukuhumusha.
- Ukubekezelela kusho ukuncipha kwempendulo ekuchayekeni okufanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuncipha komuzwa wokuthi kukhona “ukukhushulwa” akukhombi imbangela yako futhi akubonisi ukuthi umthamo omkhulu ufanele. Izivivinyo zingadinga imiphumela ejwayelekile ephindaphindwayo kanye nezilinganiso zokuchayeka ukuze zihlole leso simangalo.
- Ukusebenzisa ngemijikelezo kusho izikhathi ezihleliwe zokusebenzisa nokungasebenzisi into. Ubufakazi obucashuniwe abuqinisekisi uhlelo oluvimbela ukubekezelela, ukuncika noma ukulimala okuqoqekayo. Uhlelo lwe-toxicology yezilwane lwezinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto luwuhlelo lokuhlola, hhayi isincomo sokusebenzisa ngemijikelezo kubantu. Imiphumela yosesho ingaphinde idide into ecwaningwayo nento ebangela ukuncika. Ngokwesibonelo, isivivinyo sokubekezelela ama-opioid nokuhoxa sasebenzisa i-methylene blue kumodeli yamaseli eyayichayeke kuma-opioid. Kwakungelona ucwaningo lokuhoxa ku-methylene blue.
Imibuzo esalokhu ingaxazululiwe
Kubantu abadala abaphilile abasebenzisa i-methylene blue ngokuphindaphindiwe, ucwaningo olucashuniwe alusunguli isikhathi lapho inzuzo ihlala khona, iphuzu elingcono lokumisa, uhlelo oluqinisekisiwe lokusebenzisa ngemijikelezo, noma amazinga athembekile emiphumela engemihle ebambezelekile. Futhi alusunguli ukuthi umphumela ojwayelekile wokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kwesikhathi esifushane ubikezela ukuphepha eminyakeni eminingi kamuva yini.
Ingozi eqoqekayo nokuqoqeka komuthi emzimbeni kuyahlobana kodwa kuhlukile. Ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe kungabaluleka ngisho noma umuthi ungaqhubeki uqoqeka unomphela, futhi umuthi omusha osebenzisana nawo ungashintsha ingozi ngemva kwesikhathi esidlule ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ilebula yamanje ye-PROVAYBLUE enikezwa emthanjeni ibhala ukusebenzisana okukhulu kwe-serotonergic, ingozi ye-hemolytic anemia kanye nokuchayeka okuphezulu lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kuphazamisekile. Ayigunyazi ukusetshenziswa ngomlomo isikhathi esingenamkhawulo.
Esinqumweni somuntu ngamunye, ulwazi oluwusizo yifomula eqondile, indlela yokunikeza, inani, imvamisa, usuku lokuqala, eminye imithi kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu. Buyekeza ukuthi i-methylene blue ihlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni kanye nemiphumela yayo engemihle nezimo lapho ingafanele ukusetshenziswa khona. Umlando wokuyibekezelela uwubufakazi ngalokho kuchayeka kwangaphambilini, hhayi isiqinisekiso ngokuchayeka okulandelayo.