I-methylene blue ne-microbiome yamathumbu: ubufakazi obuvela kumagundane

I-methylene blue ingashintsha ukwakheka kwamaqembu amabhaktheriya okulinganiswa endle yamagundane. Lokho okutholakele akufakazeli ukuthi ithuthukisa impilo yamathumbu abantu, isusa amabhaktheriya ayingozi kuphela, noma yelapha i-dysbiosis, okuwukungalingani komphakathi wamagciwane. Umehluko obalulekile uphakathi kokushintsha umphakathi wamagciwane nokuthuthukisa impilo yesidalwa ahlala kuso.

Ukuhlolwa kwamagundane okuhlobene kakhulu nalo mbuzo kwalinganisa i-DNA yamabhaktheriya nokusebenza emzileni oyindida. Lezi zilinganiso zingaveza amaphethini afanele ukuphenywa. Zodwa, azikwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ushintsho kumabhaktheriya lwabangela ushintsho ekuziphatheni noma ukuthi noma yiluphi kulezi zinguquko lubikezela ukudamba kwezimpawu zokugaya ukudla.

Lokho abacwaningi abakulinganisa ngempela

Ekucwaningeni kukaGureev nozakwabo kwango-2020, amagundane ohlobo lwe-C57Bl/6 anezinyanga ezintathu ubudala anikezwa i-methylene blue amasonto amane ngesilinganiso esingu-15 mg/kg/day (amagundane ayisishiyagalolunye), esingu-50 mg/kg/day (ayisishiyagalombili), noma amanzi eqembu lokuqhathanisa (13). Ingxenye echaza ukuhlelwa kokuhlolwa ayicacisi kahle indlela umuthi owanikezwa ngayo noma ukuthi izilwane zazingezeduna noma ezesifazane.

Kwathathwa amasampula endle ngaphambi kokunikezwa umuthi kanye masonto onke. Abacwaningi basebenzisa i-qPCR yamaqembu amabhaktheriya kanye nokufundwa kokulandelana kwezingxenye ezikhulisiwe ze-DNA ye-16S. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu zokugcina, amagundane aba nezinsuku ezimbili zokujwayela, ezalandelwa yizinsuku ezintathu zokuhlolwa emzileni oyindida omise okwe-T onemivuzo, lapho ukukhetha okuyishumi ngosuku kwakuthola amaphuzu.

Lezi yizilinganiso ezanikezwa amagundane ekuhlolweni, hhayi izincomo zezilinganiso zabantu. Indlela umuthi onikezwa ngayo ibalulekile lapho kuchazwa ukuthi ungakanani ofinyelela emathunjini, futhi indlela engacacisiwe kufanele ihlale ingacacisiwe. Ukuguqula isilinganiso ngokwesisindo somzimba ngeke kufakazele uhlelo lokusebenzisa oluphephile noma olusebenzayo kubantu.

Ithebula lobufakazi bocwaningo lwe-microbiome

Leli thebula elenzelwe lesi sihloko lihlukanisa okubonwe kwabikwa nezinye izimangalo umfundi angase ahlangabezane nazo. Amagama amaqembu amabhaktheriya alandela amatemu asetshenziswe ephepheni locwaningo.

Isigaba sobufakazi	Okubonwe noma okulinganisiwe	Umkhawulo wokuhumusha okutholakele
Ukwakheka kwamaqembu amabhaktheriya esilinganisweni esiphansi	Ku-15 mg/kg/day, amaqembu athile ashintsha; i-Delta/Gammaproteobacteria yanda ekuqaleni futhi ayitholakalanga ngesonto lesine.	Isampula elithathwe ekupheleni lingaphuthelwa izinguquko ezenzeke ngaphambilini. Ukungatholakali kuncike endleleni yokuhlola.
Ukwakheka kwamaqembu amabhaktheriya esilinganisweni esiphezulu	Ku-50 mg/kg/day, inani elimaphakathi le-Proteobacteria ngesonto lesine lalingu-7.49%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1.61% emaqenjini okuqhathanisa.	Ukwanda kwephesenti akufakazeli ukwanda kwenani langempela lamaseli aphilayo.
Imininingwane yokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo	Ukufundwa kokulandelana kwe-DNA kwaveza izinguquko ngaphakathi kwamaqembu abanzi amabhaktheriya.	Inani eliphelele le-phylum elingashintshi lingafihla izinguquko phakathi kwamalungu ayo.
Ukuziphatha kwesidalwa esingumasingathi	Isilinganiso esiphansi sathuthukisa amaphuzu ahlanganisiwe omzila oyindida omise okwe-T; esiphezulu asizange.	Lokhu kuwukusebenza emsebenzini othile, hhayi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamakhono okuqonda.
Ukuhlobana	I-Deferribacteres yahlobana ngokuphambene namaphuzu osuku lwesibili.	Ukuhlobana akuvezi isidalwa noma indlela ebangela umphumela.
Ukusebenza kwamathumbu	Akukho silinganiso esiqondile sokugcina sesithiyo samathumbu noma semikhiqizo yokuguqulwa kwezinto emzimbeni.	Ucwaningo alukwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ukuvuza kwesithiyo samathumbu kulungisiwe noma ukuthi ukusebenza kwamagciwane kuthuthukile.
Ukuhlolwa kokubangela umphumela	Akukho ukuhlolwa kokudlulisa noma ukunciphisa umphakathi wamagciwane.	Ukuthi amagciwane ayeyimbangela exhumanisa umuthi nomphumela wokuziphatha kusalokhu kungacacile.

Ithebula lihlukaniswe ngamabomu ngokwalokho okulinganisiwe. Impendulo evumelana nomphumela ofiswayo emugqeni owodwa ayikwazi ukugcwalisa impendulo engekho komunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza kangcono emzileni oyindida akuhlinzeki ngobufakazi obungekho ngokuvuvukala kwamathumbu.

Kungani amaphesenti amabhaktheriya engabonisi ukuthi yini ebulewe

Itemu elithi ubuningi obuhlobene lichaza ingxenye yeqembu emphakathini olinganisiwe. Lokhu kwehlukile enanini lamaseli amabhaktheriya ngegremu lendle. Ocwaningweni lwabo lokulinganisa ubuningi nokwakheka kwe-microbiome, uVandeputte nozakwabo babonisa ukuthi kungani inani eliphelele lamagciwane libalulekile lapho kuhunyushwa umehluko phakathi kwemiphakathi yawo.

Cabanga ngesampula eliyisibonelo eliqukethe amayunithi ayishumi esidalwa A kanye nangu-90 ezinye izidalwa. U-A wenza u-10%. Uma u-A ehlala eyishumi kuyilapho ezinye zehla ziba ngu-40, u-A manje wenza u-20%. Ingxenye yakhe iphindeke kabili ngaphandle kokwanda kwenani lakhe langempela. Lesi sibonelo sezibalo asiwona umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-methylene blue.

Umehluko ofanayo ubeka imikhawulo ezimangalweni zokubulawa kwamabhaktheriya. Ingxenye enqunywe nge-DNA ayikona ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokusinda. Ukuze kufakazelwe ukulahleka kwamabhaktheriya aphilayo, ukuhlolwa kudinga izilinganiso ezihlola amandla awo okuqhubeka ephila futhi ezicabangela inani lawo eliphelele. Ukuze kufakazelwe ushintsho ekusebenzeni, kudingeka isilinganiso esifanele sokusebenza, njengomkhiqizo wokuguqulwa kwezinto olinganisiwe, kunokuba kube ukubikezela okusekelwe kuphela emagameni amabhaktheriya.

Amagama amaqembu abanzi nawo afihla ukwehluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuthatha i-phylum yonke njengewusizo noma eyingozi kudlula izidalwa nemisebenzi ebangela umphumela othile. Ngakho ukushintsha kwesilinganiso samaqembu, kukodwa, akukona ukutholakala kwe-dysbiosis noma ubufakazi bokuthi i-dysbiosis yelashiwe.

Ingabe i-microbiome yawuchaza umphumela womzila oyindida?

Ukuhlolwa kwahlanganisa ukunikezwa umuthi, ukwakheka kwamaqembu amabhaktheriya, nokuziphatha ocwaningweni olulodwa. Lokhu kuwusizo ekwakheni umbono okufanele uhlolwe. Ukuhumusha kwethu ukuthi ukuhlelwa kocwaningo akuhlukanisi izincazelo eziningana ezingenzeka: umphumela oqondile womuthi ekuziphatheni, umphumela ongaqondile odalwa amagciwane, noma ukusabela okuhlukene kokuziphatha nokwamabhaktheriya ekunikezweni umuthi okufanayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kakhulu kwendima yamagciwane ekuxhumaniseni umuthi nomphumela bekungashintsha amagciwane okucatshangwa ukuthi ayawuxhumanisa, ngaphandle kokushintsha umuthi. Abacwaningi bangahlola ukuthi ukudlulisa umphakathi wamagciwane ochaziwe kuyawudlulisa yini umphumela, noma ukuthi ukususa indlela ethile yokusebenza kwamagciwane okucatshangwa ukuthi iyabandakanyeka kuyawuvimba yini. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kudinga futhi izilawuli zokuhlola ukuthi yini enye edluliswayo noma eshintshwayo.

Umphumela wokuziphatha olinganisiwe nawo udinga ukufundwa ngokucophelela okufanayo. Umzila oyindida onemivuzo udinga ukuthi isilwane sikhethe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Njengesimiso sokuhlola, ukusebenza kungancika ekuzimiseleni ukuhlola indawo, ekunyakazeni, esifisweni sokuthola umvuzo, nasekufundeni. Ukubiza umphumela ngokuthi “amakhono okuqonda angcono” kufiphaza lo mehluko. Ukuchaza umsebenzi olinganiswe ngokuqondile kusanikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa.

Ingabe i-methylene blue iyawabulala amabhaktheriya asemathunjini?

I-methylene blue ingabamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokulwa namagciwane ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe zaselabhorethri. Lokho akucacisi ukuthi kwenzekani kuwo wonke umphakathi wamathumbu ngemva kokuyithatha ngomlomo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri lokwenza amabhaktheriya angasebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya nezinto ezisabela kukho lwahlola i-E. coli ne-S. aureus ngezinto ezisabela ekukhanyeni kanye nokukhanyiselwa okulawulwayo. Lwahlola ukwakheka kwamaqoqo amabhaktheriya nokulimala kolwelwesi, futhi lwafaka nokuhlolwa okufanayo okwenziwa ebumnyameni ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Ukukhanya noma into esabela ekukhanyeni kukodwa akuzange kube nomphumela ngaphansi kwalezo zimo ezahlolwa.

Lezo zilawuli ziphendula umbuzo obalulekile wokubangela umphumela ngaphakathi kwalokho kuhlolwa: ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kwaba naliphi igalelo? Ukugwinya into akulingani nokukhanyisela amabhaktheriya axutshwe oketshezini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabi nomphumela ekuhlolweni ebumnyameni ngesilinganiso esisodwa nangesikhathi esisodwa akufakazeli ukuthi konke ukunikezwa ngaphandle kokukhanyiselwa akusebenzi ngokwebhayoloji. Ukubuka kabanzi ucwaningo lokulwa namagciwane kuchaza lo mehluko oncike ezimweni.

Ucwaningo lomphakathi wamagciwane asemathunjini nalo alukwazi ukufakazela ukwelashwa kokutheleleka okuthile. Ukuhlonza isidalwa nokubonisa umphumela ofanele emtholampilo kuyimisebenzi ehlukene, kuhlanganise nalapho kuhlolwa izimangalo ngokwelashwa kwezilokazane eziphila ngokuncela ezinye izidalwa.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngezimangalo zempilo yamathumbu abantu

Ukuseshwa kwezincwadi zocwaningo okugxile kulesi sihloko akutholanga ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiome yamathumbu abantu okuneqembu lokuqhathanisa okufakazela inzuzo ye-methylene blue empilweni yamathumbu. Lesi yisitatimende ngobufakazi obutholakele, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi alukho ucwaningo olufanele. Ucwaningo kubantu lokwelashwa endaweni ethile emlonyeni kusetshenziswa ukukhanya nezinto ezisabela kukho luwumbuzo ohlukile: ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwabantu abangu-45 ababenomoya womlomo onukayo kwathatha amasampula ongqimba olusolimini futhi kwalinganisa amagesi omoya ophuma emlonyeni, hhayi impilo yamathumbu.

Ukuze kusekelwe isimangalo ngempilo yamathumbu abantu, ucwaningo lungadinga iqembu labantu elichazwe ngokucacile, ukwakheka komkhiqizo nendlela yokuwunikeza okungaphindwa ngendlela efanayo, into efanele yokuqhathanisa, kanye nomphumela obalulekile kulelo qembu. Ukwakheka komphakathi wamagciwane kungasiza ukuchaza umphumela, kodwa ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu, ukulawulwa kwesifo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle kusazodinga ukuhlolwa.

Amasonto amane ohlotsheni olulodwa lwamagundane olusetshenziselwa ucwaningo nawo awakwazi ukufakazela imiphumela yokusetshenziswa izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ukubuyekezwa kokusebenzisa i-methylene blue nsuku zonke nangesikhathi eside kuhlukanisa ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa nesikhathi sokubhekwa kanye nezilinganiso zokuphepha. Ukuze uthole umongo obanzi wasemtholampilo, bheka lokho okusekelwa ucwaningo kubantu.