Isihloko
Ukusebenzisa isiconsisi esinamamaki se-methylene blue: ukufunda imithamo ngokunembile
Isiconsisi esinamamaki silinganisa umthamo woketshezi. Ukuze wazi inani le-methylene blue elikulowo mthamo, udinga nezinga lokugxila lesincibilikiso elishiwo. Isiconsisi noma leso sibalo akukutsheli ukuthi umuntu kufanele athathe inani elingakanani.
Qala ngemibuzo emithathu ehlukene: Iyiphi iyunithi ebhalwe eceleni kwamamaki? Uketshezi lufinyelela kuliphi imaki? Ilebula lithi kukhona amamiligremu amangaki kumililitha ngayinye? Ukugcina le mibuzo yehlukene kuvimbela iphutha elivamile: ukuphatha iconsi, imililitha nemiligremu njengamanani angasetshenziswa esikhundleni samanye.
Lokho okucaciswa yikhasi lomkhiqizo
Ikhasi lesincibilikiso samanzi se-Blupreme esingu-100 mL lisho izinga lokugxila elingu-1% wesisindo ngomthamo, elilingana no-10 mg/mL, futhi lichaza isiconsisi esifakiwe esinamamaki aku-0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, no-1 mL. Inani elingu-100 mL lichaza okuqukethwe ebhodleleni; izinombolo ezincane zichaza imithamo elinganisiwe esiconsisini.
Sebenzisa ilebula nethuluzi okuhlinzekwe nebhodlela lakho. Incazelo yomkhiqizo ayicacisi umkhawulo ovunyelwe wephutha lokulinganisa lesiconsisi ngasinye. Ikhasi lomkhiqizo elishicilelwe alinikezi isilinganiso esiyinombolo sokunemba, ngakho ukuba khona kwemaki elingu-0.25 mL akufanele kuthathwe njengesiqinisekiso sokunemba kuze kufike endaweni eyengeziwe ngemva kwephoyinti ledesimali.
Umdwebo ongezansi uwumdwebo wokuqala ochazayo, hhayi isithombe noma isitifiketi sokulinganiswa. Uketshezi lwawo luboniswe ngendlela evumela ukukhanya kudlule ukuze ingaphezulu lalo libonakale.
Iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu le-meniscus ebonakalayo egobile yehlele phakathi liqondana no-0.5 mL. Izibalo ezimbili zibonisa ukuthi kungani umthamo ofanayo ungaqukatha amanani ahlukene. Lezi yizibonelo zokulinganisa, hhayi amanani anconyiwe okufanele athathwe.
Funda isikali ngaphambi kokugcwalisa
Qala ngokuhlonza amayunithi. Imaki elibhalwe mL lilinganisa umthamo. Imaki elibhalwe mg lingachaza inani kuphela ezingeni elithile lokugxila ithuluzi elaklanyelwa lona. Ishubhu lengilazi elingenamamaki alinikezi ukufundwa komthamo okuyinombolo okuthembekile.
Okulandelayo, hlola ukulandelana nezikhala phakathi kwamamaki. Esikalini esibonisiwe, u-0.25 mL useduze nesihloko, u-0.5 mL ungaphezulu, bese u-1 mL eba ngaphezulu futhi. Umehluko wezinombolo osuka ku-0.5 uye ku-1 mL uphindwe kabili kunomehluko osuka ku-0.25 uye ku-0.5 mL. Ungacabangi ukuthi yonke imibhangqwana yezinombolo ezibhalwe zilandelana imelela ukwanda okufanayo.
Uma elinye ithuluzi linamamaki amancane phakathi, thola inani lawo usebenzisa amamaki abhalwe ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhala ezinhlanu ezilinganayo phakathi kuka-0.5 no-1 mL zimelela u-0.1 mL ngayinye: umehluko ongu-0.5 mL uhlukaniswa ngokuhlanu. Bala izikhala, hhayi inani lemigqa ebonakalayo. Leso sibonelo asisho ukuthi isiconsisi esihlinzekwa nomkhiqizo sinalokho kwehlukaniswa okwengeziwe.
Beka ingaphezulu loketshezi ezingeni lamehlo
Landela imiyalelo yokugcwalisa yethuluzi. Uma kuyisiconsisi esivamile esinesiqhoboshi senjoloba, cindezela isiqhoboshi ngaphambi kokucwilisa isihloko, bese usidedela kancane ukuze udonsele uketshezi eshubhini. Ungavumeli uketshezi lungene esiqhoboshini. Izikhala zomoya ezibonakalayo engxenyeni yoketshezi elinganisiwe zithatha indawo okufanele ibe noketshezi; phinda udonse uketshezi kunokwamukela ukufundwa okugcwele amabhamuza.
Bamba ishubhu lime mpo bese uletha imaki elifanele ezingeni lamehlo. Ukubheka phansi usuka ngaphezulu noma ukubheka phezulu usuka ngezansi kungenza ingaphezulu libonakale lisukile endaweni yalo uma liqhathaniswa nesikali. Leli phutha lokubuka libizwa nge-parallax.
Ingaphezulu loketshezi eligobile yi-meniscus. Uma ingaphezulu elibonakalayo ligobile lehlele phakathi, indlela evamile yokulifunda isebenzisa iphuzu lalo eliphansi kakhulu eliphakathi, njengoba kubonisiwe. Isiqondiso se-NIST sokufunda i-meniscus sichaza ukuqondanisa ezingeni lamehlo nokuthi kungani indlela yokufunda kufanele ihambisane nendlela ithuluzi elalinganiswa ngayo. Siphinde sixoxe ngobunzima obuhambisana noketshezi olungavumeli ukukhanya kudlule.
I-methylene blue emnyama ingenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa lelo ngaphezulu. Thuthukisa ukukhanya futhi usebenzise ingemuva elingenamaphethini elinombala ohlukile. Uma iphuzu elinqunyiwe okufanele lifundwe lisafihlekile, thola imiyalelo eqondene nalelo thuluzi noma elinye ithuluzi elifanele lokulinganisa. Ungavele usebenzise unqenqema olungaphezulu esikhundleni solungezansi olungabonakali bese ucabanga ukuthi umphumela uyalingana.
Guqula umthamo olinganisiwe ube yinani
Isibalo sithi:
Inani ngama-mg = umthamo olinganisiwe ngama-mL × izinga lokugxila ngama-mg/mL.
Ephesentini lesisindo ngomthamo, u-1% w/v usho u-1 g ku-100 mL wesincibilikiso sokugcina. Njengoba u-1 g engu-1,000 mg, lokhu kungu-10 mg/mL. Iphesenti elingasho ukuthi lisekelwe kuphi aliphelele: isisindo ngesisindo nesisindo ngomthamo kuyizincazelo ezihlukene.
| Umthamo oyisibonelo | Izinga lokugxila elishiwo ngokucacile | Isibalo | Inani eliqukethwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.25 mL | 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 0.25 × 10 | 2.5 mg |
| 0.5 mL | 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 0.5 × 10 | 5 mg |
| 1 mL | 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 1 × 10 | 10 mg |
| 0.5 mL | 0.5% w/v = 5 mg/mL | 0.5 × 5 | 2.5 mg |
Umugqa wesine uyisincibilikiso esicatshangelwayo sokuqhathanisa, hhayi isitatimende ngomunye umkhiqizo we-Blupreme. Qaphela ukuthi u-0.25 mL wezinga lokuqala lokugxila no-0.5 mL wezinga lesibili baqukethe isisindo esifanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufundwa okufanayo okungu-0.5 mL kuqukethe into ephindwe kabili ku-10 mg/mL kunaku-5 mg/mL.
Isiguquli sezinga lokugxila senza lezi zibalo zamayunithi. I-molarity yaselabhorethri idinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesimo samamolekyuli nangesisekelo sesisindo, okuchazwe esibalini se-molarity ye-methylene blue.
Kungani amaconsi “nesiconsisi esigcwele” kuyizindlela ezinqamulelayo ezingathembekile
Iconsi liyingxenye yoketshezi ephuma esihlokweni, hhayi umthamo olinganisiwe ofanayo kuzo zonke izimo. Ucwaningo lukaBrown nozakwabo ngeziconsisi zemithi ephuzwa ngomlomo lwaqhathanisa ukukhishwa koketshezi okulawulwayo elabhorethri nokusetshenziswa yizisebenzi zokuzithandela. Ukutshekisa iziconsisi ezihloliwe ziye kuma-engeli angu-45 degrees ukusuka lapho zimi mpo kwehlisa imithamo ekhishiwe futhi kwandisa ukuhlukahluka. Lolu kwakuwucwaningo lokukhishwa koketshezi olwalusebenzisa olunye uketshezi lwemithi, hhayi ukuhlolwa kwe-methylene blue.
Ngenxa yalokho, inani lamaconsi ngemililitha elitholwe ngethuluzi elilodwa noketshezi oluthile alikwazi ukuvele lisetshenziswe kwelinye. Ngokufanayo, ukucindezela isiqhoboshi kanye akuchazi umthamo “wesiconsisi esigcwele”. Funda imaki elifinyelelwe ngempela. Ungabali amaconsi esikhundleni sokulinganisa uma isilinganiso esidingekayo sishiwo ngama-mL.
Gcina incazelo yesilinganiso
Bhala 0.5 mL, ufake noziro ongaphambi kwephoyinti ledesimali. Izincomo ze-FDA zokulinganisa imithi ewuketshezi zigcizelela ukufanisa amayunithi aselebula nawethuluzi, nokusebenzisa uziro ongaphambili kumanani angaphansi kokukodwa. Lezi zimiso ezivamile zokulinganisa azisunguli ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwesincibilikiso esithengiswa ezitolo.
Uma umthamo oshiwo ungaphansi kwemaki eliphansi kakhulu, udlula umthamo ithuluzi elingawubamba, noma udinga ukwehlukaniswa okuncane kunalokho ithuluzi elinakho, khetha amathuluzi afanele leso silinganiso ngokubambisana nochwepheshe noma ilabhorethri efanele. Ungaqageli ingxenye engenamaki bese uyibika njengenembile. Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi yokukhipha uketshezi neyokuhlanza; ungazenzeli izindlela ezengeziwe zokugeza noma zokudlulisa uketshezi ethuluzini ukuze uthole uketshezi olusele.
Mayelana nemibuzo yezokwelapha, umhlahlandlela ohlukile wamayunithi omthamo we-methylene blue othathwayo uchaza ukuthi kungani inani elibalwe ngelebula lebhodlela lingesona ngokwalo isincomo sokwelashwa. Ukulinganisa ngokunembile kuphendula ukuthi kukhona okungakanani. Ukukhetha umthamo okufanele uthathwe umuntu kudinga isinqumo esihlukile sezokwelapha.