Isihloko
Ingabe i-methylene blue iyazikhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo noma isebenza njengokukhipha ubuthi?
I-Methylene blue ayiyona indlela yokwelapha esesunguliwe yokukhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni. Imithombo yezokwelapha nocwaningo oluhlolwe kulesi sihloko akuzange kutholakale ubufakazi kubantu obubonisa ukuthi yandisa ngendlela enencazelo ukukhishwa komthofu, i-mercury, i-cadmium, noma i-arsenic futhi ithuthukise imiphumela yokwelashwa kobuthi. Lokhu kuwumkhawulo wobufakazi obutholakele, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi konke ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka sekukhishiwe.
Izitatimende ezintathu ezahlukene zivame ukuhlanganiswa egameni elithi “ukukhipha ubuthi”: umkhiqizo unokungcola okuncane, into ishintsha izimpendulo zamaseli ekucindezelekeni, futhi ukwelashwa kukhipha into enobuthi kumuntu. Ubufakazi besinye salezi zinto abuqinisekisi ezinye.
Umkhiqizo ohlanzekile uwumphumela wekhwalithi
Iphaneli yezinsimbi ezisindayo ihlola isampula yomkhiqizo ethunyelwe. Ingase ibike amanani omthofu, i-mercury, i-cadmium, ne-arsenic, kanye namayunithi, izindlela, nemikhawulo yokubika. I-Arsenic iyi-metalloid, nakuba ivame ukufakwa kumaphaneli achazwa njengokuhlolwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Izindlela ze-FDA zokuhlaziya ama-elementi zibonisa umsebenzi wokuhlaziya: ukukala ama-elementi athile entweni echaziwe kusetshenziswa izinqubo eziqinisekisiwe. Umphumela ongaphansi komkhawulo wokubika usho ukuthi ilabhorethri ayikwazanga ukubika inani elingaphezu kwalowo mkhawulo ngaphansi kwalezo zimo. Akusho ukuthi le elementi ayikho ngokuphelele ngokwezibalo.
Mayelana ne-methylene blue, lokhu kuphendula ukuthi isampula ehloliwe iletha yini ukungcola okulinganisiwe. Akusho lutho ngokukhipha ukungcola osekuvele kusemzimbeni. Isitifiketi esibonisa umthofu ophansi asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhono lokubopha umthofu nge-chelation, njengoba nje ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kungakwazi ukuqinisekisa indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo.
Umhlahlandlela wethu wezinsimbi ezisindayo, i-Azure B, nokunye ukungcola kwe-methylene blue uchaza ukuthi kungani iphaneli yama-elementi nayo ishiya eminye imibuzo yekhwalithi ingaphenduliwe. Ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi bomkhiqizo, ukungcola okuhlobene nodayi, nokungcola kwama-elementi kudinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zobufakazi bokuhlaziya.
Ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi empeleni kungadingani?
I-Chelation ihlanganisa ikhemikhali ebopha i-ion yensimbi. Ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha, umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi lokho kusebenzisana kuyawusiza yini umzimba ukukhipha insimbi efanele ngezingozi ezamukelekayo. Ukubopha okwenzeka eshubhuni lokuhlola kuphela akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi into ifinyelela esicutshini esifanele, igcina insimbi iboshiwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, noma iletha inzuzo yezokwelapha.
Incazelo ye-FDA ye-chelation yezokwelapha ihlukanisa ukwelashwa ngomuthi kadokotela okuqondiswa ochwepheshe nemikhiqizo engagunyaziwe ekhangiswa njengendlela yasekhaya yokukhipha ubuthi. Ithi awukho umkhiqizo we-chelation ogunyazwe yi-FDA ukuze usetshenziswe ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.
Isimangalo esithembekile sokuthi i-methylene blue ikhipha insimbi singadinga insimbi eshiwo ngegama, ukuchayeka okukhonjiwe, ukwakheka komkhiqizo nendlela yokuwusebenzisa echaziwe, amaqembu okuqhathanisa afanele, nezilinganiso ezenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abaphenyi kuzodingeka bahlukanise ukukhishwa okwandisiwe ekusatshalalisweni kabusha phakathi kwegazi nezicubu noma ekuncipheni kokuchayeka okuqhubekayo. Imiphumela yezempilo nemiphumela engemihle ibalulekile kanye namanani aselebhu.
“Ukusekela izindlela zokukhipha ubuthi” akuzinikezi lezo zilinganiso ezingekho. Ngokufanayo, nendlela ehlongozwayo yokubopha ehlobene nesibabule ecatshangelwa esakhiweni semolekyuli ayizihlinzeki.
Ithebula lesimangalo nobufakazi
Sebenzisa leli thebula ukuze ubone ukuthi umbiko empeleni ukala ini ngaphambi kokwamukela isimangalo esihambisana nawo.
| Isimangalo noma okuphawuliwe | Ubufakazi obubhekana naso | Lokho obungakwazi ukukuqinisekisa ngokwakho |
|---|---|---|
| “Le batch inokungcola okuphansi kwezinsimbi ezisindayo” | Imiphumela yama-elementi exhunywe kule batch, amayunithi, imikhawulo yokubika, ubunikazi besampula, nendlela efanele eqinisekisiwe | Ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi kumuntu; ukungabi khona kwakho konke okunye ukungcola |
| “I-Methylene blue yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative” | Izilinganiso ezilawulwayo zamaseli noma zezilwane zamaphoyinti wokugcina e-redox achaziwe, nezilawuli ezifanele zokuhlolwa | Ukubopha izinsimbi, ukwanda kokukhishwa kwezinsimbi, noma ukusebenza kokwelashwa kubantu |
| “Insimbi iyabopha ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri” | Izilinganiso eziqondile zokubopha ngaphansi kwezimo zamakhemikhali ezishiwo | Ukubopha okuzinzile emzimbeni, ukuthuthwa okuphephile, noma ukukhishwa |
| “Umzimba ukhipha insimbi eningi” | Izilinganiso eziqinisekisiwe eziqondene nensimbi, ezinesikhathi esifanele sokuqoqwa, iziqhathaniso, nokuhunyushwa | Ukuthi ubuthi babukhona, ukuthi umthwalo ophelele oyingozi ezicutshini wehlile, noma ukuthi impilo ithuthukile |
| “I-Methylene blue ikhipha ubuthi bezinsimbi ezisindayo” | Ubufakazi bokwelashwa kubantu obuxhumanisa ukuchayeka, ukungenelela, indlela insimbi ephathwa ngayo emzimbeni, imiphumela enencazelo, nokulimala | Lesi simangalo esibanzi asiqinisekisiwe ubufakazi obutholakele kulesi sihloko |
| “Umchamo uphenduke waba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza” | Ubufakazi bokushintsha kombala okuhlobene nodayi | Isilinganiso sokukhishwa komthofu, i-mercury, i-arsenic, noma i-cadmium |
Ithebula liyithuluzi lokufunda ubufakazi, hhayi inqubo yokuhlola noma yokwelapha.
Imiphumela ye-antioxidant ayikali ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi
I-Methylene blue ibamba iqhaza ekhemistry ye-oxidation-reduction. Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kungahlola indlela eshintsha ngayo impendulo yeseli ekulimaleni ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthi isusa imbangela yalokho kulimala.
Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2009 oluthi Striatal neuroprotection with methylene blue lwahlola amagundane anikezwa i-rotenone, ubuthi be-mitochondria, ngokuqondile endaweni yobuchopho, ngokunikezwa noma ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwe-methylene blue kuleyo ndawo. Abacwaningi bahlola ubukhulu bokulimala, i-oxidative metabolism, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nokuziphatha kokunyakaza. Ukuvikelwa okubikiwe kwakuphathelene nokulimala kwezicubu okwenziwe ekuhlolweni. I-Rotenone ayiyona insimbi esindayo, futhi lokhu kwakungekona ukuhlolwa kwabantu kokukhishwa kwezinsimbi.
Kukhona futhi iphepha lango-1980 ngomsebenzi wama-enzyme kumagundane anobuthi bomthofu. Irekhodi lalo le-PubMed likhomba leso sihloko sokuhlolwa kodwa alinikezi i-abstract. Irekhodi lodwa alikwazi ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokwelashwa, ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi, noma isincomo kubantu. Isihloko esiqukethe amagama athi “lead poisoning” asibona ubufakazi obanele besimangalo sokukhipha ubuthi ku-inthanethi.
Lokhu kuhlukanisa kusebenza kuyo yonke imininingwane yobufakazi kubantu ngezinzuzo ze-methylene blue. Umtapo wolwazi locwaningo uhlela izifundo ngokwabantu noma izilwane ezafundwa nangamaphoyinti azo wokugcina wangempela.
Izindlela ezimbili ezidukisayo zokufinyelela esiphethweni
Okokuqala, ukwelapha i-methemoglobinemia akuyona i-chelation yezinsimbi. Ulwazi lokunikezwa kwe-PROVAYBLUE ngomjovo emthanjeni luchaza indima ye-methylene blue ekuguquleni insimbi eku-hemoglobin isuka esimweni se-ferric iye esimweni se-ferrous. Insimbi ishintsha isimo sayo se-oxidation kuyilapho isalokhu iyingxenye ye-hemoglobin. Lokhu akubonisi ukukhishwa kwensimbi noma kwezinye izinsimbi emzimbeni.
Okwesibili, izifundo zemvelo ezikhuluma “ngokukhishwa” zingaguqula izindima abafundi abazicabangayo. Iphepha elinesihloko esithi Removal of mercury and methylene blue from aqueous solution liphenya i-adsorbent ye-graphene oxide enezici ezithile. I-Mercury ne-methylene blue yizinto ezikhishwa emanzini. I-Methylene blue akuyona indlela yokwelapha ekhipha i-mercury esigulini.
Uma usola ukuchayeka kwangempela
Qala ngento, umthombo, isikhathi, nendlela yokuchayeka. Thatha isitsha somkhiqizo, imininingwane yasemsebenzini, noma umbiko welabhorethri ofanele uye kudokotela noma kusevisi yobuthi. Ukukhethwa nokuhunyushwa kokuhlolwa kuncike ensimbini esolwayo nasezimweni zokuchayeka.
Ungathathi i-chelator ukuze udale ukuhlolwa komchamo okubonisa umphumela omuhle. Isitatimende se-American College of Medical Toxicology mayelana nokuhlolwa komchamo okugqugquzelwe sichaza ukuthi ama-chelator angandisa ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi kubantu abanobuthi nakulabo abangenabo. Ukuqhathanisa leyo miphumela nemingcele evamile yokubhekisela yomchamo ongagqugquzelwanga kungaholela ekuxilongweni okudukisayo nasekwelashweni okungadingekile.
I-Methylene blue nayo inemiphumela engemihle nezimo lapho kungafanele isetshenziswe khona, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana okubalulekile nemithi kanye nezingozi kubantu abanokushoda kwe-G6PD. Ukuzizwa ungaphilile ngemva kokuyithatha akubona ubufakazi bokuthi izinsimbi ziyanyakaziswa emzimbeni.
Uma kusolwa ubuthi obubukhali, xhumana ngokushesha nesevisi yobuthi. Umhlahlandlela wezimo eziphuthumayo we-Poison Control uqondisa ukuthi kutholakale usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha uma umuntu ewa, eba nokuquleka, enenkinga yokuphefumula, noma engakwazi ukuvuswa. E-United States, i-Poison Control ingu-1-800-222-1222 futhi inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ingu-911; kwezinye izindawo, sebenzisa izinsizakalo zendawo. Ungalibazisi ukuhlolwa ukuze uzame uhlelo lokukhipha ubuthi nge-methylene blue.