I-Methylene Blue Yezinhlanzi Ze-Betta: Imibuzo Yokwelapha

Umuntu ogcina i-betta ubona amaphiko adabukile emaphethelweni, athathe ibhodlela eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese ebuza umbuzo wokuqala ongafanele. Ngokuvamile umbuzo uthi "ngisebenzise okungakanani," kanti kufanele uthi "ngikusebenzisele ini, kumaphi amanzi, futhi ngikulinganise kanjani." Ama-betta ahlanganisa wonke amaphutha avamile okwelapha izinhlanzi ethangini elilodwa elincane: umthamo omncane kakhulu wamanzi okhulisa umphumela wephutha lokulinganisa, inhlanzi ephefumula umoya ongaphezu kwamanzi, kanye nophawu, amaphiko adabukile, olungakhombi isifo esisodwa esithile.

Le mibuzo nezimpendulo iphendula imibuzo eqondene ne-betta. Ithatha ngokuthi usuyilandelile kakade inqubo evamile yokwenza izinqumo ngokwelapha izinhlanzi zasethangini, futhi ishiya izihloko ezimbili emakhasini azo: ubufakazi obuvamile ngokubola kwamaphiko nezifo zesikhunta, kanye nezindlela ezivamile zokwelapha ngokucwilisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelapha ethangini.

Ingabe i-methylene blue yelapha ukubola kwamaphiko e-betta?

Akukwazi ukushiwo lokho njengesiqiniseko esivamile. Funda ilebula kuqala. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo we-methylene blue ka-Kordon luchaza umkhiqizo oncibilikiswe emanzini onezinga elingu-2.303%, ohloselwe ukulawula isikhunta emaqandeni ezinhlanzi nezifo zesikhunta ezisembozweni sangaphandle somzimba, futhi ongaphinde usetshenziswe ngokumelene nama-protozoa athile angaphandle nokusiza lapho kuqinisekisiwe ubuthi be-nitrite noma be-cyanide. Ilebula efanayo ayibali izifo zamagciwane, izikelemu ze-fluke, i-Oodinium, nezifo zesikhunta ezinzima kakhulu phakathi kwezimo ezihloselwe lo mkhiqizo.

Lokho okungafakiwe kunquma okufanele kwenziwe ezimweni eziningi zokubola kwamaphiko. Ukubola kwamaphiko kuma-betta kuvame ukubangelwa amagciwane, njenge-Aeromonas noma i-Pseudomonas, noma isifo se-columnaris, bese isikhunta silandela ezicutshini esezilimele. Ngakho unqenqema lwephiko olubukeka njengokotini lungaba ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okuphezu kwenkinga yamagciwane le dayi engahloselwe ukuyelapha. Ukwelapha okumhlophe okubonakalayo kuyilapho ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okungaphansi kuqhubeka kuyindlela evamile yokwehluleka: amanzi aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umgcini azizwe sengathi kukhona akwenzile, kodwa amaphiko aqhubeke nokuguguleka.

Ngakho impendulo eqotho incike esimweni. Uma udokotela wezilwane zasemanzini exilonga ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okusembozweni sangaphandle somzimba we-betta yakho, i-methylene blue ingaphakathi kokusetshenziswa okubhalwe kulebula yayo. Uma kutholakale ukubola kwamaphiko okubangelwa amagciwane, ayikho ngaphakathi kwalokho, futhi udinga olunye uhlelo. Ubufakazi obusekela lowo mkhawulo, okuhlanganisa lokho i-methylene blue eboniswe ukuthi iyakwenza nalokho engaboniswanga ukuthi iyakwenza ngokumelene ne-ich, ukubola kwamaphiko, nezifo zesikhunta, buhlaziywa emhlahlandleleni wobufakazi bokubola kwamaphiko nezifo zesikhunta. Ungathathi isiphetho esikulelo khasi usisebenzise njengomthamo; kunalokho, yiya kulo usunokuxilongwa.

Ngingayelapha yini i-betta yami ethangini layo?

Khetha isitsha sokwelapha esihlukile esingenazinto zokuhlobisa noma ungqimba lwaphansi. Izici ezintathu zethangi evame ukuhlala kulo zenza kungafanele ukufaka umuthi kulo ngqo, futhi zontathu zivela kulebula yomkhiqizo, hhayi ezinkolelweni ezidluliselwa ngomlomo.

Okokuqala, umkhiqizi uxwayisa ngokuwusebenzisa ezinhlelweni ezithembele ekuhlungweni okwenziwa amagciwane awusizo. Amagciwane aguqula i-ammonia ayicubungula leyo i-betta yakho eqhubeka nokuyikhiqiza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, futhi ukwelapha okuphazamisa la magciwane kushintsha inkinga eyodwa kufake enye. Okwesibili, ilebula ixwayisa ngokuphazamiseka kokukhula kwezitshalo futhi iveza ukuthi umkhiqizo ususwa yikhabhoni ecushiwe futhi umuncwa izinto ezinezimbotshana, okwenza kungabikezeleki ukuthi inhlanzi izochayeka kangakanani ethangini elihlotshisiwe nelinesihlungi. Okwesithathu, i-silicone yethangi ingaba namabala angasuki, okuwumonakalo wokubukeka nje kodwa ongabuyiseleki emuva okufanele uwazi ngaphambi kokuthela.

Enye indlela yisitsha sokwelapha esingenalutho, esinomthamo wamanzi owaziwayo, isifudumezi, ukufakwa komoya ngobumnene, futhi esingenazo izinto ezinezimbotshana. Lokho kulungiselela kuvikela nethangi lokubonisa ekuchayekeni emuthini. Kodwa ukuhlukanisa inhlanzi kukodwa akwenzi amanzi aphephe. Isitsha sokwelapha asinaso isihlungi samagciwane awusizo esesizinzile, ngakho i-ammonia ingakhuphuka ngokushesha emanzini amancane. Isiqondiso se-UF/IFAS ngamakhemikhali ezinhlelweni eziphinda zijikelezise amanzi sincoma ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ezithintekile ukuze zelashwe, sibe sichaza ukuthi imiphumela yamakhemikhali incike ekuchayekeni nasezimweni zesistimu. Qapha amanzi okwelapha, lawula izinga lokushisa, futhi ugcine izinto zokwelapha zihlukile. Imininingwane yokuhambisana nezihlungi, izitshalo, izimfanzi, nezinhlelo zamanzi olwandle iqoqwe emhlahlandleleni wokuhambisana namathangi nezilwane ezigcinwa kuwo.

I-betta yami ihlala ethangini elincane. Ngikugwema kanjani ukweqisa umthamo?

Amanzi amancane aguqula amaphutha amancane okulinganisa abe amaphutha amakhulu ezingeni lokugxila komuthi. Iconsi elibalwe kabi esitsheni sokwelapha esingu-2 liter lishintsha izinga lokugxila ngokuphindwe kaningana kunalelo consi elibalwe kabi ethangini elingu-40 liter. Ama-betta avame ukugcinwa, futhi ngalokho elashwe, kule mithamo emincane yamanzi.

Ukuzivikela kulokhu kusekulandeleni inqubo. Bhala phansi izinto ezine ngaphambi kokulungisa amanzi okwelapha: igama eliqondile lomkhiqizo, izinga lesithako esisebenzayo elisebhodleleni, umthamo wamanzi okwelapha olinganisiwe ngamayunithi asetshenziswa ilebula, kanye nendlela ohlose ukuyisebenzisa. Iphesenti elisebhodleleni lichaza ingxube yokuqala, hhayi amanzi okwelapha; imiyalelo ichaza ukuthi ingakanani yaleyo ngxube efakwa enanini elithile lamanzi. Ukucwilisa isikhashana nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kuyizinhlanganisela ezihlukene zezinga lokugxila nesikhathi, ngakho ungalokothi uhlanganise izinga lokugxila lenqubo eyodwa nobude besikhathi benye. Umhlahlandlela wokwelapha ngokucwilisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelapha ethangini uchaza ukuthi kungani lezi zinhlanganisela zingenakushintshaniswa futhi uhlolisisa izinqubo eziselebula.

Linganisa umthamo wamanzi kunokwethemba usayizi obhalwe wethangi. Ungqimba lwaphansi, imihlobiso, kanye nokwehliswa kwezinga lamanzi konke kunciphisa umthamo okhangisiwe, futhi esitsheni esincane uhhafu we-liter ngamunye ongekho uyingxenye enkulu yomthamo. Sebenzisa izilinganiso zemethrikhi kanye nesirinji noma i-pipette enezimpawu zokulinganisa ukukala ingxube yokuqala, hhayi amaconsi akhanywa ebhodleleni, futhi lungisa wonke umthamo wamanzi okwelapha ngaphambi kokufaka inhlanzi.

Ingabe isitho se-labyrinth sishintsha okuthile ngokwelapha?

Yebo, ngendlela eyodwa ephathekayo. Ama-betta ayizinhlanzi ezinesitho se-labyrinth: akhuphukela phezulu ukuze aphefumule umoya womkhathi ngesitho esikhethekile, ngaphezu kokukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini ngeziphefu zawo. Ngakho iziqondiso zokunakekela zincoma ukufinyelela ebusweni bamanzi ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Ngakho isitsha sokwelapha kufanele sivumele inhlanzi ukuthi ifinyelele ebusweni bamanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kube nomoya ofudumele onomswakama ngaphezu kwamanzi kunokuba kube nesivalo esibandayo esivaleke ngokuqinile.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, noma iyiphi inqubo ephakamisa ukuvala amanzi okwelapha eduze kakhulu, noma ukugcwalisa isitsha kuze kufike onqenqemeni, ayihambisani nendlela inhlanzi ephefumula ngayo. Shiya isikhala somoya nesivalo esivumela umoya ukuba udlule. Gcina amanzi okwelapha ezingeni lokushisa elifudumele nelizinzile elifanayo nalelo inhlanzi elijwayele; isiqondiso sezokwelapha izilwane sincoma u-76 kuya ku-81F emathangini e-betta, ngokuvamile eligcinwa ngesifudumezi. Okwesibili, ukuphefumula ebusweni bamanzi akuvikeli emanzini amabi. I-ammonia ne-nitrite zilimaza iziphefu futhi zicindezele inhlanzi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyakwazi yini ukufinyelela emoyeni. Yingakho isitsha sokwelapha sisadinga ukuqashwa nakuba inhlanzi ekuso ikwazi ukugwinya umoya. Uma ubona ukuhefuzela okuqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuzihlikihla, kuthathe njengezimpawu zenkinga yamanzi noma yesifo engakaxazululeki, hhayi njengesidingo sokwengeza idayi.

Yini okufanele ngiyihlole ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-methylene blue nhlobo?

Hlola indawo inhlanzi ehlala kuyo ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi inasiphi isifo. Umhlahlandlela we-UF/IFAS wokuphatha impilo yezinhlanzi uncoma ukuhlola izinga lamanzi kuqala lapho izinhlanzi zibonakala zigula, okungenani kuhlolwe umoya-mpilo oncibilikile, i-ammonia, i-nitrite, ne-pH lapho kuqubuka inkinga. Ithangi le-betta elibonakala linamanzi acwebile lisengaba ne-ammonia eyingozi, engenambala nengenaphunga emazingeni alimaza izinhlanzi. Ukuhumusha inani le-ammonia eliphelele kudinga izinga lokushisa ne-pH, njengoba i-UF/IFAS ichaza nge-ammonia ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane zasemanzini.

Landela ukulandelana okufanayo kwezinqumo okusetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi yasethangini: qinisekisa izinga lamanzi nezinto zokusebenza, qondanisa inkinga exilongiwe nezimo umkhiqizo ohloselwe zona ngempela, qinisekisa umkhiqizo oqondile nemiyalelo efundekayo, hlola ukuthi isitsha sokwelapha singahlangabezana yini nemibandela yokuhambisana eseलेbula, linganisa umthamo wangempela wamanzi, bese uchaza uhlelo lokubheka nokuqeda ukwelapha oluhlanganisa indlela yokufuna usizo olwengeziwe. Izilonda, ubunzima bokuphefumula obuqhubekayo, noma ukufa okuqhubekayo kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ngudokotela wezilwane zasemanzini noma uchwepheshe wempilo yezinhlanzi kunokuba kuphindwe kufakwe idayi.

Ingabe yonke i-betta entsha kufanele icwiliswe ukuze kuvikelwe izifo?

Akukho mkhuba ojwayelekile owenza lokho kufaneleke. Amanzi okuthutha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awubona ubufakazi bokuthi yonke inhlanzi entsha iyazuza ngokucwiliswa. Ezivivinyweni ezibikwe yi-University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, i-methylene blue esetshenziswe ekucwiliseni kokuvikela ayizange ithuthukise ukubukeka noma ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi okwalinganiswa. Isivivinyo esihlukile sokuthutha izinhlanzi ze-velvet swordtail sathola ukubukeka okungcono ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa, kodwa ngemva kwesonto ukubukeka kwamaqembu kwase kufana. Ukuchayeka okuhlukene, imiphumela ebonwe ngokuhlukene, futhi akukho sincomo sokuthutha esisebenza kuzo zonke izimo.

Ku-betta entsha, ukuyihlukanisa nokuyibheka kungcono kunokuyelapha ngenhloso yokuvikela. Isiqondiso se-UF/IFAS sokugcina izinhlanzi zasethangini ngokuzibophezela sifaka ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ezintsha, ukuhlunga okufanele, ukudla okufanele, kanye nezinga lamanzi ekuvikelweni kwezifo kwansuku zonke. Bheka inhlanzi, hlola amanzi, futhi ugcine imithi isetshenziselwa isidingo esitholakele ngaphakathi kwalolo hlelo.

Ngamafuphi

Chaza inkinga exilongiwe, qinisekisa ukuthi iphakathi kwezimo ezibhalwe kulebula yomkhiqizo, bese welapha esitsheni esingenalutho esinomthamo olinganisiwe, esivumela ukufinyelela ebusweni bamanzi futhi esinohlelo lokuqapha. Ukubola kwamaphiko ngaphandle kokuxilongwa akusona isizathu esiqinisekisiwe sokusebenzisa umkhiqizo. Ithangi elincane elinomthamo ongalinganisiwe alisho umthamo womuthi. Futhi ithangi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elingenalo uhlelo lokubheka alisho ukwelapha.