Isihloko
I-methylene blue nokuzila ukudla: lokho okuboniswa izifundo ze-autophagy
I-methylene blue iye yacwaningwa kumaseli abekwe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuhlobene nezakhi zokudla. Lokho akufakazeli ukuthi ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile kuthuthukisa impilo. Emithonjeni ehlolwe kulesi sihloko, asitholanga ucwaningo olulawulwayo kubantu olubonisa inzuzo ye-autophagy noma inzuzo yezokwelapha ngenxa yokuhlanganisa i-methylene blue nokuzila ukudla.
Kunemibuzo emithathu ehlukene: ukuthi ukuhlola kwaselabhorethri kukaleni, ukuthi umkhiqizo uyahambisana yini nencazelo ethile yokuzila ukudla, nokuthi ukuwuthatha ngaphandle kokudla kushintsha yini ukumuncwa kwawo noma indlela umzimba owubekezelela ngayo. Impendulo evumayo komunye ayikwazi ukuphendula eminye.
Kusho ukuthini ukuphucwa i-serum ekuhloleni okucashuniwe
Ocwaningweni luka-Xie nozakwabo lwango-2013 lwamaseli ezinzwa, abacwaningi basebenzisa amaseli e-HT22, uhlu lwamaseli athathwe ku-hippocampus yegundane. Bashintsha uketshezi lokukhulisa amaseli olwalufakwe i-serum bafaka i-DMEM engenayo i-serum. Amaseli ahlala oketshezini lwaselabhorethri; awazange adluliselwe emanzini nje kuphela.
I-methylene blue yanciphisa i-apoptosis ehambisana nokuphucwa i-serum, okuwuhlobo lokufa kweseli okuhleliwe. Abacwaningi baphinde bakala ukugqanyiswa kwe-LC3B ngokudaywa namazinga amaprotheni, baphenya iprotheni i-p62 ehlobene ne-autophagy, futhi basebenzisa izinto ezivimbelayo ukuhlola indlela yokusebenza eyayiphakanyisiwe. Imiphumela yabo yabonisa ukubandakanyeka kokudluliswa kwezimpawu nge-AMPK ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kwe-mTOR okuvame ukucatshangwa kwezinye izincazelo eziku-inthanethi. Ukuhlola okuhlukile kumagundane kwahlola izicubu zobuchopho ngemva kokunikezwa i-methylene blue.
Ukususa i-serum kushintsha ingxube esekela amaseli akhuliswa elabhorethri, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezisekela ukukhula. Akuphindi izindlela ezihlangene zokuphendula kwamahomoni, ukugaya ukudla, nezicubu kumuntu oweqa ukudla. Futhi ukusinda okuthuthukisiwe kwalolu hlu lwamaseli akufakazeli umphumela ofiselekayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli noma kuzo zonke izifo.
Ukuqhathanisa izimangalo nezifundo
Lokhu kuqhathanisa kwehlukanisa okwenziwe kulokho okukaliwe. Igama locwaningo alibalulekile njengokwazi ukuthi yini eyashintshwa nokuthi yini eyabalwa.
| Isimangalo esihlolwayo | Imodeli yangempela noma ukuqhathanisa okudingekayo | Umphumela okaliwe | Lokho ubufakazi obungakusekela |
|---|---|---|---|
| “I-methylene blue isiza amaseli azila ukudla.” | Xie 2013: amaseli e-HT22 egundane aphucwe i-serum, ane-methylene blue nangenayo | I-apoptosis, ukuphila kwamaseli nezilinganiso ezihlobene ne-autophagy | Ukuvikelwa ngaphansi kwaleyo ndlela yokukhulisa amaseli; akukho mphumela wokuzila ukudla kubantu |
| “Ivusa indlela ehlobene namandla, ngakho ilingisa ukuzila ukudla.” | Atamna 2015: ama-fibroblast e-IMR90 omuntu akhuliswe elabhorethri anikezwe i-methylene blue | Isilinganiso se-NAD/NADH, ukufakwa kwamaqembu e-phosphate ku-AMPK, ukusebenza kwama-enzyme e-mitochondria nemiphumela ehlobene nokuguga kwamaseli | Ukuphendula kwamaseli kule nto; akukho okushintshiwe ekudleni |
| “Ucwaningo ngokuzila ukudla lufakazela ukuthi ukuhlanganisa lokhu kuyasebenza.” | Ucwaningo lwe-DIRECT: iziguli ezikhethiwe ezinomdlavuza webele ezithola i-chemotherapy, kuqhathaniswa ukudla okulingisa ukuzila nokudla okuvamile | Ubuthi bokwelashwa nezilinganiso zokuphendula kwesimila | Ubufakazi ngokudla okungezelelwa ku-chemotherapy; i-methylene blue yayingesona isengezo esahlolwa |
| “Lezi zindlela ezimbili ziqinisa umphumela womunye nomunye.” | Ukuqhathanisa okubandakanya ukungasebenzisi neyodwa indlela, ukusebenzisa ngayinye yodwa, nokusebenzisa zombili ndawonye | Umphumela ofanayo ochazwe kusengaphambili kuwo wonke amaqembu, kuhlaziywa nokusebenzisana kwezindlela | Ukuhlola ukuthi umphumela wazo zihlangene uyayidlula yini imiphumela elindelekile ngayinye yodwa; akufakazelwa yizifundo ezingenhla |
| “Ngeke iphule ukuzila kwami ukudla.” | Umkhiqizo othile, izithako nemithetho efanele yokuzila ukudla | Amanani ezithako noma ukuhambisana naleyo mithetho | Impendulo ephathelene nokwakheka komkhiqizo noma incazelo yokuzila; akukho ukukalwa kwe-autophagy |
Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuwukuhlanganiswa kokuqala kwezifundo okuxoxwa ngazo lapha. Imigqa yako emibili yokugcina ichaza ubufakazi obungadingwa isimangalo, kunokuba ibike ukuhlola okuqediwe.
Ukuvuswa kwe-AMPK akuwona umphumela wokuzila ukudla
Elinye iphepha elivame ukucashunwa, ucwaningo luka-Atamna nozakwabo lwango-2015 ngezindlela zamandla nezokuvikela amaseli, lasebenzisa ama-fibroblast omuntu akhuliswe ngaphandle komzimba. Labika ushintsho lwesikhashana ekufakweni kwamaqembu e-phosphate ku-AMPK, izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwe-complex-IV ye-mitochondria, nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwama-telomere kumaseli anikezwe i-methylene blue. Lezi yizilinganiso zamaseli. Igama elithi “omuntu” lichaza umsuka wamaseli, hhayi abantu ababhaliswe ocwaningweni lokuzila ukudla.
Indlela ezwa isimo samandla ingaphendula ezintweni ezivuselelayo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Ukuthola lokho kuphendula akwenzi lezo zinto zibe yinto eyodwa noma zishintshane. Ubufakazi bokuthi i-methylene blue ishintsha i-AMPK nobufakazi bokuthi ukunciphisa ukudla kuthinta ukuguqulwa kwezinto emzimbeni abubonisi ukuthi ukuzihlanganisa kunenzuzo, kuhlanganisa imiphumela yazo, noma kuyayiqinisa. Izimangalo ngobude bokuphila nazo zidinga imiphumela yazo elinganisiwe, njengoba kuchazwe ebufakazini be-methylene blue nobude bokuphila.
I-autophagy ngokwayo iyinqubo lapho izinto ezingaphakathi kweseli ziyiswa kuma-lysosome ukuze zihlakazwe bese ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Ukusebenza kwayo akunakunqunywa ngelebula lamakhalori lesengezo. Imihlahlandlela yokuhlola i-autophagy yehlukanisa inani lezakhiwo ze-autophagy ekugelezeni kwe-autophagy, okuwukudlula kwezinto kuyo yonke le nqubo. Ukwanda kwezakhiwo kungabonisa ukwanda kokwakheka kwazo noma ukubambezeleka kokususwa kwazo. Uphawu olulodwa alukwazi ukuxazulula lowo mehluko.
Incazelo yethu yokuhlola i-methylene blue, i-AMPK ne-autophagy ihlolisisa lezo zilinganiso ngokuningiliziwe.
Ingabe i-methylene blue iyophula ukuzila ukudla?
Ayikho impendulo ethi yebo noma cha ngaphandle kokubheka umkhiqizo othile. Igama elithi “methylene blue” lisho into esebenzayo, hhayi uhlu oluphelele lwezithako noma ukuhlaziywa komsoco.
- Ngokwencazelo eqinile evumela amanzi kuphela, umkhiqizo we-methylene blue uyinto engezwe emanzini. Ukuthiwa awunamakhalori akuwenzi ube amanzi nje kuphela.
- Ngokomthetho osekelwe kumakhalori, hlola ukwakheka kwangempela komkhiqizo. Ushukela, isiraphu, uwoyela, noma ezinye izinto zokuthwala eziqukethe amandla kufanele kubhekwe ngokwamanani azo angempela. Unganqumi inani lamakhalori ngombala, ngephesenti lokugxila, noma ngegama lento esebenzayo kuphela.
- Ngokuzila ukudla “kwe-autophagy,” ukungabi khona kukashukela owengeziwe noma inani elincane lamakhalori elishiwo akufakazeli ukuthi kwenzekani ekugelezeni kwe-autophagy ezicutshini zomuntu.
- Ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, landela imiyalelo yesevisi yokuhlola. Isiqondiso se-MedlinePlus ngokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi sehlukanisa ngokucacile ukuphuza amanzi nje kuphela nezinqumo ngemithi, futhi seluleka ngokungayeki imithi ngaphandle komyalelo womhlinzeki wezempilo.
Isimangalo ngokumuncwa sidinga ukuhlola okuhlukile: umkhiqizo ofanayo uqhathaniswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe zokudla nezokuzila ukudla, kukalwe ukugxila kwawo egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuzwa umphumela ngokushesha akufakazeli ukumuncwa okukhulu. Bheka ukumuncwa nokusabalala kwe-methylene blue ukuze uthole ubufakazi obuqondene nendlela yokuyifaka emzimbeni. Izifundo zamaseli ezingenhla azifakazeli umthetho wokuyithatha kanye nokudla.
Ukuzila ukudla kanye ne-methylene blue akunakuthatha indawo yokwelashwa komdlavuza
Imibiko yokuncipha kobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla ayikwazi ukufakazela ukuncipha kwesimila noma ukusinda isikhathi eside. Lapho izinto eziningi, izinguquko zokudla, nemithi yezinhlungu kushintsha ndawonye, ukulandisa komuntu akukwazi ukubona ukuthi iyiphi indlela ebangele ukuthuthuka.
Lukhona ucwaningo lwangempela ngezinguquko zokudla ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa komdlavuza. Ucwaningo lwe-DIRECT lwesigaba 2 olwabela ababambiqhaza emaqenjini ngokungahleliwe lwahlola ukudla okulingisa ukuzila kanye ne-chemotherapy enikezwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa okuyinhloko ezigulini ezinomdlavuza webele wesigaba II/III ongenayo i-HER2. Alutholanga mehluko ebuthini phakathi kwamaqembu futhi lwabika okunye ukuhlaziywa okubonisa ukuphendula okuhle. Lokhu okutholakele kwakuphathelene neqembu leziguli elikhethiwe nokudla okungezelelwa ekwelashweni. Akuzange kuhlole i-methylene blue, kubonise ukusebenza kokuzila okuvumela amanzi kuphela, noma kufakazele into engathatha indawo ye-chemotherapy.
Ungabambezeli noma ushintshe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okunqunyiwe ngale nhlanganisela. Kumuntu olahlekelwa isisindo noma onenkinga yokudla, ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa ukudla kungangqubuzana nezidingo zokwelashwa. Isiqondiso somsoco se-National Cancer Institute sichaza ukuthi kungani amakhalori namaprotheni anele, ukuhlolwa kwesimo somsoco, nokusekelwa okuqondene nomuntu ngamunye kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza.
I-methylene blue iphinde ibe nezingozi ezihlobene nemithi ezingancikile ekuzileni ukudla. Ulwazi lokunquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-PROVAYBLUE luxwayisa nge-serotonin syndrome uma isetshenziswa nemithi ethinta i-serotonin kanye nama-opioid, futhi luthi akufanele isetshenziswe lapho kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Leyo lebula yomkhiqizo ojovwayo ayiqinisekisi ukufaneleka komkhiqizo ophuzwa ngomlomo wabathengi noma kohlelo lokuzila ukudla. Hambisa umkhiqizo othile nohlu lwemithi eqenjini elikwelaphayo ngaphambi kokucabangela ukuwusebenzisa.
Lapho uhlola isimangalo esisha, thola imodeli, okwenziwe, lokho okuqhathaniswe nakho, nomphumela okaliwe usebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokufunda ucwaningo nge-methylene blue. Isimangalo ngabantu abazila ukudla sidinga ubufakazi obuvela kubantu abazila ukudla, kanti isimangalo ngenhlanganisela sidinga ubufakazi obuyihlola ngempela leyo nhlanganisela.