I-methylene blue, i-tyramine, nokudla okuvutshelwe

I-methylene blue ivimbela ukusebenza kwe-monoamine oxidase, ngakho imibuzo ngoshizi ovuthisiwe, imifino evutshelwe, nokunye ukudla okune-tyramine inesisekelo endleleni imithi esebenza ngayo. Nokho, lokho okutholakele akuqinisekisi uhlu lokudla okufanele kugwenywe olusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-methylene blue noma isikhathi sokulinda esiphephile. Iziyalezo zokudla zomunye umuthi ovimbela i-MAO azinakumane zikopishelwe kuyo.

Imibuzo emibili idinga izimpendulo ezihlukene: ingabe ukuncipha kokuhlakazwa kwe-tyramine kungandisa ukusabela komfutho wegazi okuhlobene nokudla, futhi ingabe ukuncipha kokuhlakazwa kwe-serotonin kungabangela ubuthi lapho kuhlanganiswa nemithi ethinta i-serotonin? Ukugwema ukudla okuvutshelwe akuwuxazululi umbuzo wesibili.

Kungani i-tyramine ingena engxoxweni

I-tyramine iyi-amine ekhiqizwa izinto eziphilayo, eyenziwa ezinye izilwanyana ezincane nge-amino acid ebizwa nge-tyrosine. Iphrojekthi ye-ETH Zurich nge-tyramine ekudleni okuvutshelwe ichaza le nqubo kushizi nasenyameni evutshelwe. Ngakho ukuvutshelwa kubalulekile, kodwa igama elithi “okuvutshelwe” alisho ukuthi ingxenye yokudla ine-tyramine engakanani.

Izinhlobo zezilwanyana ezincane, izithako, ukuvuthiswa, ukugcinwa, nobukhulu bengxenye yokudla kuthinta inani umuntu ahlangabezana nalo. Ocwaningweni lokuhlola ushizi wamahlule wase-Olomouc, abacwaningi balinganisa ama-amine akhiqizwa izinto eziphilayo besebenzisa i-chromatography, ngesikhathi beshintsha izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokugcina. Ukugxila kwe-tyramine kwahluka kakhulu ezimweni ezahlolwa. Lezo zilinganiso zichaza lokho kuhlolwa koshizi, hhayi inani elithembekile lawo wonke ushizi, iklabishi elivutshelwe, noma iyogathi ekhishini.

Ngokuvamile, i-monoamine oxidase emgudwini wokugaya ukudla isiza ekuhlakazeni ama-amine angeniswe ngokudla ngaphambi kokuba amanani amaningi afinyelele ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Uma leso sivikelo sincishiswe ngokwanele, i-tyramine emuncwe emzimbeni ingakhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-noradrenaline emithanjeni yezinzwa ye-sympathetic futhi inyuse umfutho wegazi. Ulwazi lokunikeza i-EMSAM luyichaza le ndlela i-tyramine esebenza ngayo. Luphinde luveze umehluko obalulekile: indlela yokusebenza ichaza ukuthi kungani ukusebenzisana kungenzeka; ucwaningo oluqondene nomuthi lunquma ukuthi lokho kuzithinta kanjani iziyalezo zalowo muthi.

Igama elithi “MAOI” alichazi umthetho owodwa wokudla

I-monoamine oxidase inezinhlobo ezimbili, i-MAO-A ne-MAO-B. Imithi iyahluka ngokuthi ivimbela luphi uhlobo, iluvimbela ngamandla angakanani enanini elithile elifinyelela emzimbeni, nokuthi lokho kuvinjelwa kungabuyiselwa emuva yini. Iyahluka futhi endleleni efika ngayo emathunjini, esibindini, nakwezinye izicubu.

Imithi emidala evimbela i-MAO ngokungakhethi uhlobo nangendlela engabuyiseleki emuva, njenge-tranylcypromine, ihlukile emuthini ovimbela i-MAO-A ngendlela ebuyiseleka emuva, njenge-moclobemide. Ukuvinjelwa okubuyiseleka emuva kunganciphisa ukwandiswa komphumela we-tyramine, kodwa “okubuyiseleka emuva” akusho ukuthi akukho ukusebenzisana. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo we-moclobemide ngokuvamile aludingi uhlobo olukhethekile lokudla, kodwa luseluleka ngokugwema amanani amakhulu okudla okune-tyramine eningi.

Ucwaningo lwabantu abangu-16 abaphile kahle abaz volunteered, lapho abahlanganyeli nabacwaningi babengazi ukuthi ubani othola muphi umuthi, futhi kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo lwaqhathanisa ngokuqondile i-moclobemide ne-tranylcypromine ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe. Abacwaningi banikeza amanani andayo e-tyramine kanye nokudla, base belinganisa inani elidingekayo ukuze umfutho wegazi we-systolic unyuke okungenani ngo-30 mmHg. I-tranylcypromine yandisa ukusabela kokukhuphuka komfutho wegazi kakhulu kune-moclobemide. Lokhu kwakuwukuhlolwa kokusabela ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo, hhayi ukuhlolwa kokudla ekhaya futhi kwakungelona ucwaningo lwe-methylene blue.

Indlela yokufaka umuthi emzimbeni nenani elifinyelela emzimbeni nakho kubalulekile ngisho nasemuthini owodwa. Ilebula lesichibi se-selegiline lihlukanisa amandla aso ahloliwe: ubufakazi baso busekela ukungadingeki kokushintsha ukudla ku-6 mg nge-24 hours, kuyilapho izinhlelo ze-9 ne-12 mg nge-24 hours zinemikhawulo yokudla. Lezo zinombolo ziqondene naleso sichibi. Aziyona imingcele engadluliselwa ku-methylene blue ephuzwa ngomlomo.

Lokho okuqinisekiswa ucwaningo lwe-methylene blue

Ocwaningweni luka-Ramsay nozakwabo lwango-2007 lwama-enzyme, abacwaningi bahlola i-MAO yomuntu ehlanzisiwe besebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ijubane lokusabela nezindlela ze-spectroscopy. I-methylene blue yavimbela i-MAO-A ngamandla nangendlela ebuyiseleka emuva; ukuvinjelwa kwe-MAO-B kwakudinga ukugxila okuphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana ezingeni lama-molecule. Akulinganisi ukusabela komfutho wegazi ekudleni okuvutshelwe kubantu abathatha umkhiqizo ophuzwa ngomlomo.

Kukhona nobufakazi obudala bokuhlola obuhilela i-tyramine uqobo. Ekuhlolweni kwezicubu zemithambo yegazi yamathumbu ezinja, i-methylene blue yanciphisa ukukhishwa kweqembu le-amine ku-tyramine ezicubwini ezigaywe zahlanganiswa, futhi yashintsha indlela i-noradrenaline ephathwa ngayo. Le ngxube iyizicubu ezihlakaziwe ezifundwa ngaphandle kwesilwane. Ukugxila okulinganisiwe kuyo akunakuguqulwa kube yinani eliphephile eliphuzwa ngomlomo noma ingxenye yokudla ephephile.

Emithonjeni ehlolwe lapha, angitholanga umphumela wokuhlolwa kokusabela kwabantu ekudleni oqinisekisa uhlelo lokudla olujwayelekile noma isikhathi sokugwema ukudla emikhiqizweni evamile ye-methylene blue. Lokho kuwumkhawulo wobufakazi obutholakele, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi yonke inhlanganisela yokudla iphephile noma bokuthi alukho ucwaningo olufanele. Ukwakheka okuhlobene komkhiqizo, indlela ehlukile yokuwufaka emzimbeni, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme ngakunye kungadinga ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuthi kuyasebenza yini kuleso simo.

Ithebula lobufakazi: ukudla, imithi, nendlela yokufaka emzimbeni

Funda umugqa ngamunye kusukela kwesokunxele uye kwesokudla. Ubufakazi bomphumela owodwa abuwuphenduli ngokuzenzakalela umbuzo oseduze kwawo.

Into okuhlangatshezwana nayo noma umbuzo	Ubufakazi obukhona	Lokho obukusekelayo	Okungakaxazululeki
I-tyramine kanye nemithi emidala ye-MAOI yokwelapha ukucindezeleka	Amalebula aqondene nomuthi nokuhlolwa kokusabela kwabantu ku-tyramine ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo	Ukusebenzisana okuhlobene nokudla okunyusa umfutho wegazi kungabaluleka ekwelashweni	Lezo ziyalezo aziqinisekisi uhlelo lokudla lwe-methylene blue
I-methylene blue kanye ne-tyramine ezinhlelweni zaselabhorethri	Ukuhlolwa kwama-enzyme ahlanzisiwe nezicubu zezilwane okuchazwe ngenhla	Ukukhathazeka okunesisekelo ngokuncipha kokuhlakazwa kwama-amine	Ukusabela kwabantu ekudleni, imikhawulo yokudla, nobude besikhathi ngokwakheka komkhiqizo nendlela yokuwufaka emzimbeni
I-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni kanye nemithi ethinta i-serotonin	Imibiko yokwelashwa nesixwayiso esisebhokisini se-PROVAYBLUE	Ukusebenzisana okubangela ubuthi be-serotonin okungathi sína, futhi okungase kubulale	Le mibiko ayilinganiseli ubungozi bokudla okune-tyramine
Umuthi ophuzwa ngomlomo oqukethe i-methylene blue kanye nemithi ethinta i-serotonin	Umbiko oshicilelwe wesigameko esisodwa	Akunakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphuza ngomlomo kususa ubungozi bobuthi be-serotonin	Imvamisa nobudlelwano phakathi kwenani elifinyelela emzimbeni nokusabela emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ephuzwa ngomlomo
Ukugcoba esikhumbeni, ukufinyelela ezicubwini endaweni ethile, noma imikhiqizo echazwa ngokuthi “inomthamo ophansi”	Awukho umthetho ojwayelekile wokuphepha kokudla oqinisekiswe yimithombo ebuyekezwe lapha	Indlela yokufaka emzimbeni, ukwakheka komkhiqizo, ukumuncwa, inani, nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokwehlukana	Isikhathi sokugwema ukudla esiqinisekisiwe noma umngcele ongenakho ukusebenzisana

Ilebula lamanje le-PROVAYBLUE liqondene nomjovo ofakwa emthanjeni. Isixwayiso salo esisebhokisini sikhuluma nge-serotonin syndrome lapho kusetshenziswa imithi ethinta i-serotonin nama-opioid. Alinikezi uhlelo lwesikhathi lokudla mayelana ne-tyramine. Lokho kushiywa ngaphandle, noma iziyalezo zalo zezikhathi zokusebenzisa imithi, akufanele kuguqulwe kube yisiqinisekiso sokuphepha kokudla.

Ukungeniswa ngomlomo nakho kubalulekile ekwelashweni: u-Zuschlag nozakwabo babika ubuthi be-serotonin ngemva kokuba kuqalwe umuthi ophuzwa ngomlomo wokudambisa ubuhlungu bomgudu womchamo oqukethe i-methylene blue kumuntu owayethatha imithi eminingana ethinta i-serotonin. Isigameko esisodwa asinakulinganisela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kangaki noma sihlukanise zonke izinto ezaba nomthelela. Kodwa siyakuphikisa ukucabanga ukuthi ukuphuza ngomlomo kwenza lokhu kusebenzisana kungabi nandaba.

Izimpawu zomfutho wegazi nobuthi be-serotonin kuyimibuzo ehlukene

Ukusabela ku-tyramine okunyusa umfutho wegazi kuhlobene nokusebenza okweqile kohlelo lwe-adrenergic kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongase ube nzima. Ubuthi be-serotonin buhlobene nokusebenza okweqile kwe-serotonin futhi bungabandakanya ukungahlaliseki, umkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukuqina noma ukudlikiza kwemisipha, nomfutho wegazi ongazinzile. Izimpawu zakho zingafana. Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngemva kokudla alinakukhomba indlela ebangele lokhu ngokwalo.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma kuba nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubuthakathaka obusha noma ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuwa, noma umkhuhlane ohambisana nokudideka nokuqina okukhulu noma ukudlikiza kwemisipha ngemva kokusebenzisana okusolwayo. Ungalindi ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okubangele lokhu noma uzame ukuphinda ukusabela. Letha isitsha somkhiqizo nohlu lwemithi uma kutholakala kalula.

Uma kuhlelwa ukusetshenziswa, umbuzo owusizo uqondile: “Kulokhu kwakheka komkhiqizo, indlela yokuwufaka emzimbeni, inani, nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa, yiziphi iziyalezo zokudla ezisebenzayo, futhi yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela ubude besikhathi sazo?” Ungayeki imithi enikezwe udokotela ukuze uhambisane nohlelo olutholakale ku-inthanethi noma ucabange ukuthi kuphephile ngenxa yamagama athi “umthamo ophansi.”

Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola lwengxoxo nochwepheshe wezokwelapha ukubhala umkhiqizo nezinto okuhlangatshezwana nazo. Imihlahlandlela ehlukene yokusebenzisana kwe-methylene blue nemithi kanye nemiphumela emfundweni wegazi ichaza leyo mibuzo yezokwelapha ngokuningiliziwe. Imibuzo ngotshwala, i-caffeine, nezithasiselo ihilela ezinye izindlela zokusebenza, kuyilapho ucwaningo lwezithunywa zamakhemikhali zezinzwa luchaza ukuthi kungani umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme ungenakubikezela amazinga ezithunywa zamakhemikhali zezinzwa zomuntu.