Inqaku
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-methylene blue yonke imihla nangexesha elide: yintoni eye yaphandwa?
Uphando aluqinisekisi inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa i-methylene blue yonke imihla kubantu abadala abasempilweni. Ukuchanabeka okuphindaphindiweyo ebantwini kuye kwaphandwa, kuquka uvavanyo oluncinci lweenyanga ezintandathu kwizifo zengqondo. Kukho nezifundo ezinde zefomyuleshini enxulumene nayo kodwa eyahlukileyo ngokwekhemikhali. Akukho nalinye kula macandelo aqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo sentengiso esingachazwanga ngokuthe ngqo sikhuselekile okanye siluncedo xa sisetyenziswa ixesha elingenammiselo.
Umbuzo oluncedo uchane ngakumbi kunokuba uthi “Ngaba kukho umntu oye wayiphanda ixesha elide?” Uthi: yeyiphi into, enikwa ngayiphi indlela, inikwa bani, ixesha elingakanani, kwaye zeziphi iziphumo ezilinganisiweyo?
Funda ixesha lokuchanabeka nokulandelela ngokwahlukeneyo
Ixesha lokuchanabeka lichaza ixesha apho unyango lwalunikwa khona. Ukulandelela kuchaza ixesha apho abaphandi baphinda bajonga abathathi-nxaxheba emva koko. Ukulandelela kweenyanga ezintathu emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zonyango akuthethi ukuba bekusetyenziswa iyeza iinyanga ezintathu. Ngokufanayo, uphando oluphela xa iimpuku zineenyanga 30 ubudala aluthethi ukuba unyango lwathatha iinyanga 30.
Umfanekiso ongaphandle ubonisa lo mahluko ngendlela yomzobo. Amachaphaza awo ngawokucacisa, ayiyodatha elinganisiweyo yesifundo. Itshathi engezantsi inika amaxesha okwenene kwizifundo ezikhethiweyo. “Akukho kulandelela kwahlukileyo kuxeliweyo” kuthetha ukuba ingxelo ekhankanyiweyo ayiqinisekisi ixesha elongezelelweyo lokujonga ngaphandle konyango; akuthethi ukuba zonke iziphumo ezinokwenzeka kamva zavavanywa zaza zafunyaniswa ziqhelekile.
Itshathi yobude bezifundo
| Isifundo nemodeli | Ifomyuleshini nendlela yokunika | Ixesha lokuchanabeka | Ukuqwalaselwa okanye ukulandelela | Umbuzo ophambili olinganisiweyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodriguez noogxa: ukuboniswa kwengqondo kubantu abadala abasempilweni | USP methylene blue, methylthioninium chloride; ngomlomo | Ukunikwa kube kanye | Umlinganiselo wokuqala kunye ne-MRI ephindwayo eqala emva kwemizuzu 60 | Utshintsho lwexesha elifutshane ekuhambeni kwegazi engqondweni nakwiinethiwekhi, hayi ukhuseleko lwexesha elide |
| Ibarra-Estrada noogxa: izigulana 91 ezine-septic shock | Methylene blue kwi-saline; nge-intravenous infusion | Ii-infusion ezintathu zemihla ngemihla, nganye ithatha iiyure ezintandathu | Iziphumo zeklinikhi zavavanywa ukuya kutsho kusuku 28 | Ukusetyenziswa kwe-vasopressor, iziphumo zasesibhedlele, ukusweleka neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga |
| Zoellner noogxa: abathathi-nxaxheba 42 abane-PTSD | Methylene blue; ngomlomo, kunye nonyango lwengqondo | Ukunikwa emva kweeseshoni ezintlanu zemihla ngemihla ze-imaginal exposure | Uvavanyo ukuya kutsho kulandelelo lweenyanga ezintathu | Iimpawu nokusebenza emva kongenelelo olufutshane oludibeneyo |
| Gureev noogxa: iimpuku ze-C57BL/6 | MB kumanqanaba amabini axeliweyo okuchanabeka yonke imihla; indlela yokunika ayichazwanga ngokucacileyo kwiindlela zophando | Iiveki ezine | Ukuqokelelwa kweesampulu zelindle ngeveki; uvavanyo lwe-maze kwiintsuku ezintlanu zokugqibela; akukho kulandelela kwahlukileyo kokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuxeliweyo | Ukwakheka kwe-microbiome nokusebenza kwi-maze |
| Jena noChainy: iimpuku eziziimazi ze-Wistar | Methylene blue emanzini okusela; ngomlomo | Iintsuku 30 | Ukuqokelelwa kwegazi, isibindi nezintso ekupheleni kwesifundo | Imilinganiselo ekhethiweyo ye-oxidative stress ne-serum; izilwanyana ezintlanu kwiqela ngalinye |
| Alda noogxa: abathathi-nxaxheba 37 abane-bipolar disorder | Iikhapsuli ze-methylene blue; ngomlomo; idosi ephezulu esebenzayo xa ithelekiswa nephantsi | I-crossover yeeveki 26: amaxesha amabini onyango eeveki 12 kunye neeveki zokuhlengahlengisa idosi nezokutshintsha | Utyelelo rhoqo ngexesha lonyango; ukuqonda kwavavanywa ekuqaleni, kwiiveki 13 nakwi-26 | Iimpawu zemo yeemvakalelo ezishiyekileyo, ukuqonda nokunyamezeleka kunye nonyango olusele lukhona |
| Poudel noogxa: ukwaluphala kwamathambo kwiimpuku | MB emanzini okusela kwiimpuku eziziimazi ezindala ze-C57BL/6J; MB ekutyeni kwiimpuku eziyindoda neziziimazi ze-UM-HET3 | Iinyanga ezintandathu okanye 12 kwiimazi ezindala; iinyanga 15 kwiimpuku ze-UM-HET3, ukusuka kubudala beenyanga ezisixhenxe ukuya kweziyi-22 | Imilinganiselo yamathambo kwiindawo zokuphela ezimiselweyo; akukho kulandelela kwahlukileyo ngaphandle konyango | Ubume bamathambo obunxulumene nobudala, hayi uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokhuseleko ebantwini |
| Gauthier noogxa: izigulana 891 ezinesifo se-Alzheimer | Leuco-methylthioninium bis(hydromethanesulfonate), LMTM; ngomlomo | Ixesha lonyango olucwangciswe ngokungakhethiyo lweenyanga 15 | Uvavanyo lweklinikhi nolokhuseleko ngexesha lovavanyo | Ukuqonda, ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga; ulawulo lwe-LMTM lwedosi ephantsi |
| Auerbach noogxa: iimpuku ze-F344/N ne-B6C3F1 | Methylene blue trihydrate kwi-methylcellulose; i-oral gavage | Iminyaka emibini, iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki | Ukubekwa esweni kokusinda nokuhlolwa kwezicubu de kuphele isifundo | Ityhefu yexesha elide kunye ne-carcinogenicity |
Le miqolo ayinakutshintshaniswa ibe zizindululo zedosi. I-oral gavage ifaka into ngqo esiswini; amanzi okusela nokutya kuvumela iindlela ezahlukileyo zokuyithatha. I-intravenous infusion idlula ukufunxwa ngamathumbu. Ubude bokuchanabeka abunako ukulungisa loo mahluko.
Oko ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo ebantwini okusixelela kona
Uvavanyo lwe-bipolar lunika ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-methylene blue ngomlomo kunokuvavanywa kwengqondo kube kanye. Noko ke, ngama-27 kuphela kubathathi-nxaxheba bayo abangama-37 abagqiba uvavanyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba babene-bipolar disorder, babesele befumana i-lamotrigine, kwaye babebekwa esweni ngexesha lonyango. Uthelekiso lwalusebenzisa idosi ephantsi ye-methylene blue kunokuba kusetyenziswe i-placebo engasebenziyo. Olu yilo alunakuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kubantu abasempilweni okanye lukhuphe ngokuthembekileyo iingozi ezingaqhelekanga.
Uvavanyo lwe-Alzheimer lufuna omnye umahluko owongezelelweyo. I-LMTM yifomyuleshini ezinzisiweyo ye-methylthioninium encitshisiweyo enee-counterion ezahlukileyo, hayi isisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-methylene blue chloride. Ixesha layo leenyanga 15 akufanele liboniswe njengeenyanga 15 zokuvavanywa kwemveliso ye-methylene blue yabathengi. Uhlalutyo oluphambili olwalucwangciswe kwangaphambili aluzange lubonise nzuzo kwiidosi eziphezulu xa zithelekiswa nolawulo lwedosi ephantsi. Kwaxelwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesisu namathumbu nezomchamo, kunye nokwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Ukuqwalaselwa ixesha elide kwavelisa ulwazi lokhuseleko; akuzange kuqinisekise ukungabikho komngcipheko.
Oko kongezwa zizifundo zezilwanyana
Izifundo zezilwanyana zinokuhlola izicubu nokuchanabeka okuphindaphindiweyo ekunokuba nzima ukukuphanda ebantwini. Zikwabonisa nesizathu sokuba isiphumo esihle kumlinganiselo omnye singanelanga.
Kuvavanyo lweempuku lweentsuku 30, i-lipid peroxidation yesibindi yanda ngoxa umlinganiselo wezintso wehla. Imilinganiselo emininzi ye-antioxidant ayitshintshanga. Ukubiza sonke isifundo ngokuthi “ukhuseleko lwe-antioxidant” bekuya kuwufihla lo mahluko phakathi kwamalungu omzimba. Kuvavanyo lweempuku lweeveki ezine, ukuchanabeka okuphezulu kwabangela utshintsho olukhulu ngakumbi kwi-microbiome. Isifundo asizange siqinisekise ukuba olo tshintsho lwaqhubeka na emva kokuyeka.
Nokuchanabeka ixesha elide akuzange kuvelise ngokuzenzekelayo inzuzo eyayijoliswe kuyo. Uvavanyo lokwaluphala kwamathambo aluzange luthintele ukwehla kwamathambo okunxulumene nobudala. Ukubaluleka kwalo kumabango obomi obude kuxhomekeke kwisiphelo esilinganisiweyo: ukumila kwamathambo, ukusinda, nobude bobomi bomntu yimibuzo eyahlukileyo.
Uphononongo lwexesha elide lwe-National Toxicology Program lwafumanisa umsebenzi we-carcinogenic onamanqanaba obungqina ahlukileyo ngokwesini nangeentlobo zezilwanyana. Iphepha elinxulumene nalo leminyaka emibini laxela ne-anemia kwamanye amaqela achanabekileyo. Ezi ziphumo aziboneleli ngomngcipheko womhlaza onokuchazwa ngenani kwinkqubo yorhwebo esetyenziswa ebantwini. Kodwa ziyakuthintela ukuchaza iminyaka emibini yokunika izilwanyana njengobungqina obulula bokuba akukho ngxaki. Inkcazelo yobungqina be-carcinogenicity ihlalutya ezo ziphumo ngokwahlukeneyo.
Umlutha, ukurhoxa, ukunyamezelana nokusetyenziswa ngemijikelo
La magama achaza imibuzo eyahlukileyo.
- Umlutha ubandakanya ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa nokuqhubeka kusetyenziswa nangona kukho umonakalo. Izifundo ezingentla aziqinisekisi ukuba kukho i-syndrome yomlutha we-methylene blue. Kananjalo azizange ziyilelwe ukubonisa ukungabikho komngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kubantu abayisebenzisa ixesha elide ngaphandle kolawulo.
- Ukurhoxa kuthetha i-syndrome ephindaphindekayo emva kokunciphisa okanye ukuyeka into ethile. Andifumananga bungqina bulawulwayo obuchaza i-syndrome eqhelekileyo yokurhoxa kwi-methylene blue. Ukudinwa, ixhala okanye ukungakwazi ukugxila emva kokuyeka yingxelo ekufuneka iphandwe, kodwa oko kuphela akwanelanga ukuyichaza njengokurhoxa. Ukubuya kwengxaki ebisele ikhona, ezinye izinto, notshintsho ebuthongweni kunokwenza ukutolika kube nzima.
- Ukunyamezelana kuthetha ukuncipha kwempendulo kukuchanabeka okufanayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuphela ngokuthe ngcembe kwemvakalelo ye-“boost” akubonisi unobangela wako okanye ukuba idosi enkulu ifanelekile. Iimvavanyo kuya kufuneka zisebenzise iziphumo ezisemgangathweni eziphindaphindiweyo nemilinganiselo yokuchanabeka ukuze zivavanye elo bango.
- Ukusetyenziswa ngemijikelo kuthetha amaxesha acwangcisiweyo okusetyenziswa nokungasetyenziswa kwento. Ubungqina obukhankanyiweyo abuqinisekisi ishedyuli ethintela ukunyamezelana, ukuxhomekeka okanye umonakalo oqokelelanayo. Inkqubo yetyhefu kwizilwanyana yeentsuku ezintlanu ngeveki yishedyuli yovavanyo, hayi isindululo sokusetyenziswa ngemijikelo ebantwini.
Iziphumo zokukhangela zinokudibanisa into ephandwayo nento ebangela ukuxhomekeka. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lokunyamezelana nee-opioid nokurhoxa lwasebenzisa i-methylene blue kwimodeli yeeseli ezazichanabeke kwii-opioid. Yayingesosifundo sokurhoxa kwi-methylene blue.
Imibuzo engekasonjululwa
Kubantu abadala abasempilweni abasebenzisa i-methylene blue ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uphando olukhankanyiweyo aluqinisekisi ixesha apho inzuzo ihlala ikhona, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuyeka, ishedyuli eqinisekisiweyo yokusetyenziswa ngemijikelo, okanye amazinga athembekileyo eziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezilibazisekileyo. Kananjalo aluqinisekisi ukuba iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zaselabhoratri zexesha elifutshane zinokuxela kwangaphambili ukhuseleko kwiminyaka kamva.
Umngcipheko oqokelelanayo nokuqokelelana kweyeza emzimbeni zinxulumene kodwa zahlukile. Ukuchanabeka okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubaluleka nokuba iyeza aliqokelelani ngokungenammiselo, kwaye iyeza elitsha elisebenzisana nalo linokutshintsha umngcipheko emva kwexesha elidlule ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ileyibhile yangoku ye-intravenous PROVAYBLUE ichaza ukusebenzisana okunzulu kwe-serotonergic, umngcipheko we-hemolytic anemia nokuchanabeka okuphezulu xa ukusebenza kwezintso kuphazamisekile. Ayigunyazisi ukusetyenziswa ngomlomo ixesha elingenammiselo.
Kwisigqibo somntu ngamnye, ulwazi oluluncedo yifomyuleshini kanye, indlela yokunika, isixa, ukuphindaphinda, umhla wokuqala, amanye amayeza kunye nazo naziphi na iimpawu. Jonga ukuba i-methylene blue ihlala ixesha elingakanani emzimbeni kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nezimo apho ingafanele isetyenziswe khona. Imbali yokuyinyamezela bubungqina malunga noko kuchanabeka kwangaphambili, hayi isiqinisekiso malunga nokulandelayo.