Ukufunxwa Nokusasazwa Kwemethylene Blue Ngokwendlela Yokuyinika

Imethylene blue inokufikelela ekujikelezeni kwegazi emva kokunikwa ngomlomo, yaye iimvavanyo kwizilwanyana zibonisa ukusasazeka kwayo kumalungu, kuquka ubuchopho. Ezi ziphumo azibonisi ukuba lonke ulungiselelo lufikelela kuxinaniso olufanayo, okanye ukuba indlela ebhengezwa njengekhawulezayo inika isiphumo esingcono kunyango.

Umbuzo oluncedo ungqalile: loluphi ulungiselelo, olunikwe ngayiphi indlela, oluvelise wuphi umlinganiselo kweliphi iqela? Uxinaniso egazini, umfanekiso wobuchopho, nebala eliluhlaza esikhumbeni ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukileyo.

Ukufunxwa linyathelo elinye kwinkqubo ende

Ukufunxwa kuchaza ukuhamba kwento ukusuka kwindawo enikwe kuyo ukuya ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Ukufakwa kwayo ngomthambo kungena ngqo egazini, kudlule elo nyathelo. Ukusasazwa kuchaza ukuhamba okulandelayo phakathi kwegazi nezicubu.

Ukufumaneka okupheleleyo emzimbeni kuthelekisa ukuchanabeka kwenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi emva kwedosi enganikwanga ngomthambo nokuchanabeka emva kwedosi enikwe ngomthambo, kuhlengahlengiswa ngokwezixa ezahlukeneyo ezinikiweyo. Izifundo zidla ngokusebenzisa indawo ephantsi kwegophe loxinaniso ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye i-AUC. I-AUC idibanisa uxinaniso olulinganisiweyo nexesha; ayiloxinaniso oluphezulu kuphela okanye umzuzu umntu aqaphela ngawo impembelelo.

Into efunxiweyo inokuguqulwa yimetabolism ngaphambi kokufikelela kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuma emathunjini nokufumaneka emzimbeni kwekhompawundi elinganisiweyo akunyanzelekanga ukuba kube nepesenti efanayo. Kwiimvavanyo zikaShin noogxa bakhe kwiimpuku ezincinci, ababhali baqikelela ukuba ukufunxwa kwindlela yesisu namathumbu kwakuphantse kuphelele, nangona ukufumaneka emzimbeni okulinganisiweyo emva kokunikwa ngomlomo kwakuphantsi, besithi imetabolism inokuba yinkcazelo yoko. Eso sisiphumo esifunyenwe kwiimpuku ezincinci, asiyopesenti enokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yabantu.

Uthelekiso lwendlela yokunika nesampulu

Olu thelekiso lwahlula imilinganiselo yoxinaniso ethe ngqo kwiimpendulo zebhayoloji. Izixa ezikwizifundo zichaza iimeko zophando, hayi iidosi ezinokutshintshiselwana ngazo okanye imiyalelo yokusebenzisa.

Indlela yokunika nesifundo	Iqela nolungiselelo	Isampulu okanye isiphumo esilinganisiweyo	Oko kuboniswa sisiphumo
Ngomlomo xa kuthelekiswa ne-IV, uWalter-Sack noogxa bakhe	Abantu abadala abasempilweni abali-16; idosi enye ye-500 mg enyibilikiswe emanzini, enikwe ngomlomo, xa ithelekiswa ne-50 mg nge-IV kwisifundo apho abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana zombini iindlela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo	Iigophe zoxinaniso lweplasma ngokuhamba kwexesha	Umyinge wokufumaneka okupheleleyo emzimbeni emva kokunikwa ngomlomo wawuyi-72.3%, ngokuphambuka okusemgangathweni kwamanqaku epesenti ayi-23.9. Olu qikelelo lubhekiselele kulungiselelo nakwinkqubo yovavanyo ezivavanyiweyo.
Ngomlomo xa kuthelekiswa ne-IV, uPeter noogxa bakhe	Amavolontiya asixhenxe; 100 mg ngendlela nganye; iinkcukacha zolungiselelo olunikwe ngomlomo azichazwanga kwisishwankathelo	Imethylene blue kwigazi elipheleleyo ilinganiswe nge-HPLC	I-AUC yegazi elipheleleyo emva kokunikwa ngomlomo yayisezantsi kakhulu kune-AUC ye-IV. Le yisampulu nenkqubo yovavanyo eyahlukileyo kwezesifundo solungiselelo olusemanzini.
Ngaphakathi kwiduodenum xa kuthelekiswa ne-IV, uPeter noogxa bakhe	Iimpuku ezinkulu; imethylene blue ifakwe kwiduodenum okanye emthanjeni	Uxinaniso kwizicubu nakwigazi elipheleleyo	Ukufakwa kwiduodenum kwavelisa uxinaniso oluphezulu kudonga lwamathumbu nasesibindini, kodwa uxinaniso olusezantsi ebuchotsheni nakwigazi elipheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa nge-IV. Le yayiyimilinganiselo kwizicubu zeempuku ezinkulu.
Ukusasazeka kwizicubu emva kokunikwa ngomlomo, uShin noogxa bakhe	Iimpuku ezincinci; imethylene blue inyibilikiswe emanzini adistiliweyo, yanikwa ngetyhubhu eya esiswini; uthelekiso lwe-IV olwahlukileyo	Iplasma nemixube eyenziwe ngokutyunyuzwa kwezicubu ezikhutshiweyo, kusetyenziswa ikromatografi yolwelo edityaniswe nespektrometri yobunzima	Ukusasazeka esibindini kwakugqamile. Uxinaniso kwizicubu alubonisi inzuzo yonyango ebantwini.
Ngaphakathi empumlweni, uPeng noogxa bakhe	Iimpuku ezinkulu ezaziqubha de zidinwe ngokupheleleyo; imethylene blue kwisisombululo setyuwa, inikwe njengamathontsi empumlo phantsi kwe-anesthesia	Ukuziphatha, iziphawuli zezicubu zobuchopho, nokumila kwemitochondria	Uvavanyo lwaxela iimpembelelo zebhayoloji. Aluzange lubonise ukufumaneka emzimbeni ebantwini emva kokunikwa ngempumlo okanye ukuba le ndlela ingcono kunokunikwa ngomlomo okanye nge-IV.
Ukufakwa eluswini, isifundo sango-2023 samaqhekeza e-nano nesonophoresis	Ulusu lwendlebe yehagu olukhutshiweyo; imethylene blue enyibilikiswe emanzini xa ithelekiswa namaqhekeza e-nano epolima, kukho okanye kungekho kulungiswa kwangaphambili nge-ultrasound	Idayi kwimigangatho yolusu nakulwelo olwamkelayo emva kweeyure eziyi-16	Ukugcinwa eluswini kwakunokulinganiswa, ngoxa imethylene blue kulwelo olwamkelayo yayingaphantsi komda wokulinganisa ubungakanani waloo ndlela. Ukungena kwindawo yolusu nokudlula eluswini yayiziziphumo ezahlukeneyo.

Iplasma negazi elipheleleyo azinakuthathwa njengezilinganayo

Igazi elipheleleyo liqulethe iplasma neeseli zegazi. Imilinganiselo yeplasma ihlola inxalenye engulwelo emva kokwahlulwa kweeseli. Xa ikhompawundi isasazeka iye kwiiseli, uxinaniso lwayo oluxeliweyo luxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi inxalenye ehlalutywa yilabhoratri.

Ulwazi lokumisela i-PROVAYBLUE lubonisa ukuba kutheni uguqulelo olusisigxina lungathembekanga. Kwisifundo esinye se-IV ebantwini, umlinganiselo wegazi xa uthelekiswa neplasma wawuyi-5.1 ± 2.8 kwimizuzu emihlanu, waza wazinza ku-0.6 kwiiyure ezine. Olu lwalamano lwatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwaolo lwazi luxela ukubophelela kwiiproteni zeplasma okumalunga ne-94% in vitro. Oku kuchaza ukudibana neeproteni phantsi kweemeko zelabhoratri. Akuthethi ukuba i-94% ayizange ifunxwe, okanye ukuba inxalenye ethile engaguqukiyo eseleyo yangena ebuchotsheni. Uxinaniso olupheleleyo kwiplasma luquka ikhompawundi ebophelelekileyo nengabophelelekanga.

Kwanesiphumo sokusebenzisana kwamayeza sinokuxhomekeka kwisampulu. Kwisifundo solungiselelo olusemanzini olunikwe ngomlomo, ichloroquine yandisa uxinaniso lwemethylene blue kwiplasma kodwa hayi kwigazi elipheleleyo. Isifundo esiluncedo kukugcina uhlobo lwesampulu xa kucatshulwa isiphumo, kunokukhetha eyona pesenti inkulu kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukufikelela ebuchotsheni akubonisi inzuzo ebuchotsheni

Ubungqina bokuba imethylene blue inokuwela umqobo ophakathi kwegazi nobuchopho buxhasa ukuphanda iimpembelelo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo esembindini. Abubonisi ubungakanani obufikelela kwindawo ethile yobuchopho emntwini, okanye ukuba oko kuchanabeka kunceda ekunyangeni isifo.

Uvavanyo lokudibana kokusebenza kobuchopho emva kokunikwa ngomlomo lwabandakanya abantu abadala abasempilweni abangama-28 lwaza lwathelekisa imethylene blue neplacebo kusetyenziswa i-MRI. Oko lwaqaphelayo kwakubhekiselele kumsebenzi wobuchopho nonxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zabo, hayi kumlinganiselo wekhemikhali othe ngqo wemethylene blue ngaphakathi ebuchotsheni.

Isifundo se-IV esahlukileyo ebantwini abasempilweni nakwiimpuku ezinkulu safumanisa ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni nokuncipha kwimilinganiselo yemetabolism phantsi kweemeko zaso zovavanyo. Ezi ziphumo zilumkisa ngokucinga ukuba ukufikelela ebuchotsheni ngokuyimfuneko kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngabo. Kananjalo azinakubeka indlela yomlomo ngaphezu okanye ngaphantsi kwe-IV, kuba izifundo zasebenzisa amaqela, iinkqubo zovavanyo neziphumo ezilinganisiweyo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukungena kwiiseli ngokuncitshiswa, ukuphinda kufakwe ioksijini, nokusasazeka phakathi kweenxalenye kubhekiselele kwelinye inqanaba lalo mba. Ukungena kwekhompawundi kwiseli ekhuliselwe elabhoratri akubonisi ngokwako ukusebenza kunyango. Umahluko phakathi kweemodeli uchazwa kwindlela yokufunda uphando ngemethylene blue.

Amabango ngokunikwa phantsi kolwimi, ngempumlo, ngokuphefumlelwa nangokudlula eluswini

Ukunikwa phantsi kolwimi kuthetha ukufunxwa ngezicubu ezingaphantsi kolwimi. Ukuginya inxalenye yolwelo kongeza inxalenye yokunikwa ngomlomo. Imithombo efunyenwe kweli nqaku ayibonisi ipesenti ethembekileyo yokufumaneka emzimbeni ebantwini emva kokunikwa phantsi kolwimi okanye inzuzo ebonisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuginya. Ukushiyeka kombala phantsi kolwimi akunakwahlula ukufunxwa ngenwebu yangaphakathi yomlomo ekuchanabekeni okubangelwa kukuginya.

Ukunikwa ngaphakathi empumlweni ngumbuzo owahlukileyo. Isifundo seempuku ezinkulu esingentla sasebenzisa amathontsi empumlo alawulwayo phantsi kwe-anesthesia. Iziphumo zaso zokuziphatha nezicubu azibonisi inxalenye efunxwe ngezicubu zempumlo, inxalenye esuka ngqo empumlweni iye ebuchotsheni, okanye ukusebenza kwesitshizi esithengiselwa abathengi. Loo mabango afuna imilinganiselo yoxinaniso ehambelana nendlela ethile yokunika, kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo zokuthelekisa.

Ukuphefumlela nge-nebulizer kongeza ukuveliswa kwenkungu yamathontsi amancinane nokuhlala kwayo kwiindlela zokuphefumla, okuxhomekeke kwisixhobo. Ingxelo yolingo lokuqala lokusebenzisa i-nebulizer emva kwe-COVID ibhekiselele kwiziphumo zokusebenza kwemiphunga nokufakwa kweoksijini egazini. Ubukho bayo abuniki ndlela yokuguqulela ukuchanabeka emva kokunikwa ngomlomo okanye nge-IV ekusebenziseni i-nebulizer yasekhaya. Isixhobo sokongeza ukufuma kwioksijini sesinye isixhobo esahlukileyo kwakhona; izifundo zokunikwa ngomlomo okanye olo lingo lokuqala azixhasi ukufakwa kwemethylene blue kwitanki yaso. Musa ukusebenzisa izisombululo zomlomo okanye zelabhoratri kwizixhobo zokuphefumla.

Ukunikwa ngokudlula eluswini kuthetha ukuhamba ngolusu ukuya kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ulungiselelo lokuthanjiswa lunokugcina imethylene blue ngaphakathi eluswini endaweni yoko. Uvavanyo lolusu lwehagu lubonisa ukuba kutheni ezi zinto kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokwahlukeneyo. Iimvavanyo ezihambelana nalo zokwenzakala kweeseli zomhlaza okubangelwa kukukhanya nazo azibonisi impembelelo yonyango yesincamathelisi solusu okanye yekhrimu esetyenziswa ebantwini.

Iimpembelelo zokutya zifuna uthelekiso lwazo

Isifundo esenziwe emva kokuzila ukutya sibonisa oko kwenzekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokuzila. Asingqini ukuba ukuzila kuphucula ukufunxwa. Ibango lempembelelo yokutya lifuna uthelekiso phakathi kwemeko yokutya neyokuzila, kusetyenziswa ulungiselelo olufanayo nemilinganiselo yokuchanabeka efanelekileyo.

Isifundo esibhalisiweyo sempembelelo yokutya kwi-LMTB sibhekiselele kulungiselelo olunxulumeneyo olwahlulwa yirejista kwimethylthioninium chloride. Inkcazelo yesifundo sayo ayisosiphumo sempembelelo yokutya kwisisombululo esiqhelekileyo semethylene blue. Ubungqina obuhloliweyo apha abulixhasi ibango elisebenza kuzo zonke iimeko lokuba ukutya kunciphisa ukufunxwa okanye ukuzila kuyakuphucula.

Ukuqaphela ukuqala kwempembelelo, umbala womchamo, nokushiyeka kombala elulwimini akunakuthatha indawo yemilinganiselo yoxinaniso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Imibuzo ngokuhlala kwayo emzimbeni ixoxwa kwixesha lesiqingatha sobomi bemethylene blue nobude bexesha ehlala ngalo. Ukukhetha indlela yokunika kunyango kukwaxhomekeke kwisizathu sonyango nakwiimfuno zamalungiselelo atofwayo, hayi ekufumanekeni emzimbeni kuphela.