Inqaku
I-methylene blue nokuzila ukutya: oko kuboniswa zizifundo ze-autophagy
I-methylene blue iye yaphononongwa kwiiseli eziphantsi koxinzelelo olunxulumene nezondlo. Oko akungqini ukuba ukuyithatha ngexesha lokuzila ukutya ngamaxesha athile kuyayiphucula impilo. Kwimithombo esiyihlolileyo kweli nqaku, asifumananga lulingo olulawulwayo ebantwini olubonisa inzuzo kwi-autophagy okanye inzuzo yezonyango ekudibaniseni i-methylene blue nokuzila ukutya.
Kukho imibuzo emithathu eyahlukeneyo: oko kwalinganiswa luvavanyo lwaselabhoratri, ukuba umxube uyahambelana na nenkcazelo ethile yokuzila ukutya, nokuba ukuwuthatha ngaphandle kokutya kuyatshintsha na ukufunxwa kwawo okanye indlela umzimba owunyamezela ngayo. Impendulo ethi ewe komnye ayinakuphendula eminye.
Kuthetha ntoni ukuhluthwa kwe-serum kuvavanyo olukhankanyiweyo
Kwisifundo sikaXie noogxa bakhe sika-2013 ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo, abaphandi basebenzisa iiseli ze-HT22, umnombo weeseli ze-hippocampus yempuku. Basusa ulwelo lokukhulisa iiseli olwalufakwe i-serum, balufaka endaweni yalo i-DMEM engenayo i-serum. Iiseli zahlala kulwelo lwaselabhoratri; azizange zifuduselwe emanzini angenanto.
I-methylene blue yanciphisa i-apoptosis enxulumene nokuhluthwa kwe-serum, uhlobo lokufa kweeseli olucwangcisiweyo. Abaphandi baphinda balinganisa ukuphawulwa nge-LC3B namanqanaba eprotheyini, baphanda iprotheyini i-p62 enxulumene ne-autophagy, baza basebenzisa izithinteli ukuvavanya indlela yokusebenza ababeyicebisile. Iziphumo zabo zabonisa ukubandakanyeka kokuthunyelwa kwemiqondiso nge-AMPK ngaphandle kokuthintelwa kwe-mTOR ekudla ngokucingelwa kwezinye iingxelo ze-intanethi. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo kwiimpuku lwahlola izicwili zobuchopho emva kokunikwa i-methylene blue.
Ukususwa kwe-serum kutshintsha umxube oxhasa iiseli ezikhuliswa elabhoratri, kuquka izinto ezixhasa ukukhula. Akulinganisi iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo zeehomoni, zokwetyisa, nezicwili zomntu ongatyi ezinye izidlo. Kananjalo, ukuphucuka kokusinda kwalo mnombo weeseli akungqini ukuba kukho umphumo onqwenelekayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeseli okanye kuzo zonke izifo.
Ulungelelwaniso lwamabango nezifundo
Olu lungelelwaniso lwahlula ungenelelo kwisiphumo esilinganisiweyo. Igama lesifundo alincedi kangako njengokwazi oko kwatshintshwayo noko kwabalwayo.
| Ibango elivavanywayo | Imodeli yokwenene okanye uthelekiso olufunekayo | Isiphumo esilinganisiweyo | Oko kunokuxhaswa bubungqina |
|---|---|---|---|
| “I-methylene blue inceda iiseli ezizila ukutya.” | Xie 2013: iiseli ze-HT22 zempuku ezisuselwa i-serum, zine-methylene blue okanye zingenayo | I-apoptosis, ukukwazi ukuphila nemilinganiselo enxulumene ne-autophagy | Ukukhuselwa phantsi kwaloo meko yokukhuliswa kweeseli; akukho siphumo sokuzila ukutya ebantwini |
| “Ivuselela inkqubo yamandla, ngoko ilinganisa ukuzila ukutya.” | Atamna 2015: ii-fibroblast zabantu ze-IMR90 ezikhuliswe elabhoratri zaza zanikwa i-methylene blue | Umlinganiselo we-NAD/NADH, ukufakwa kweqela le-phosphate kwi-AMPK, umsebenzi wee-enzyme ze-mitochondria neziphumo ezinxulumene nokuguga kweeseli | Impendulo yeeseli kule khompawundi; akukho ngenelelo lokutya |
| “Uphando lokuzila ukutya lungqina ukuba ukudityaniswa kwazo kuyasebenza.” | Ulingo lwe-DIRECT: izigulana ezikhethiweyo ezinomhlaza wamabele nezifumana ichemotherapy, kuthelekiswa ukutya okulinganisa ukuzila ukutya nokutya okuqhelekileyo | Imilinganiselo yobutyhefu bonyango nempendulo yethumba | Ubungqina malunga nokutya okongezwa kwichemotherapy; i-methylene blue yayingeyiyo into eyongezelelweyo eyavavanywayo |
| “Olu ngenelelo lubini lusebenza ngokomelezana.” | Uthelekiso oluquka ukungabikho kwalo naluphi na ungenelelo, ngalunye lodwa, kunye nawo omabini edibene | Isiphumo esifanayo esimiselwe kwangaphambili kuwo onke amaqela, kuhlalutywa nendlela asebenzisana ngayo | Uvavanyo lokuba umphumo wawo edibene uyayigqitha na imiphumo eyahlukileyo elindelekileyo; oko akungqinwanga zizifundo ezingentla |
| “Ayiyi kukuphelisa ukuzila kwam ukutya.” | Umxube ochanekileyo, izithako nemigaqo yokuzila ukutya esebenzayo | Izixa zezithako okanye ukuthotyelwa kwaloo migaqo | Impendulo ephathelele ukwenziwa komxube okanye inkcazelo; akukho mlinganiselo we-autophagy |
Olu lungelelwaniso ludibaniso lwethu lwezifundo ekuxoxwa ngazo apha. Imiqolo yalo emibini yokugqibela ichaza ubungqina obuya kufunwa libango, kunokuba inike ingxelo yovavanyo olugqityiweyo.
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-AMPK akusosiphumo sokuzila ukutya
Elinye iphepha elidla ngokukhankanywa, isifundo sikaAtamna noogxa bakhe sika-2015 ngeenkqubo zamandla nokuzikhusela kweeseli, lasebenzisa ii-fibroblast zabantu ezikhuliswe ngaphandle komzimba. Lanika ingxelo yotshintsho lwexeshana ekufakweni kweqela le-phosphate kwi-AMPK, utshintsho kumsebenzi we-complex-IV ye-mitochondria, nokuncipha kokonakala kwee-telomere kwiiseli ezikhulisiweyo ezazinikwe lo mxube. Le yimilinganiselo yeeseli. Igama elithi “zabantu” lichaza imvelaphi yeeseli, hayi abantu ababhaliswe kulingo lokuzila ukutya.
Inkqubo eva amanqanaba amandla inokuphendula kwizivuseleli ezingaphezu kwesinye. Ukufumanisa loo mpendulo akuthethi ukuba ezo zivuseleli zinokusetyenziswa endaweni yezinye. Ubungqina bokuba i-methylene blue itshintsha i-AMPK nobungqina bokuba ukunciphisa ukutya kuchaphazela imetabolism abubonisi ukuba ukudityaniswa kwazo kunenzuzo, kunemiphumo edibanayo, okanye kunemiphumo eyomelezanayo. Amabango aphathelele ubude bobomi nawo afuna ezawo iziphumo ezilinganisiweyo, njengoko kucaciswa kubungqina be-methylene blue nobude bobomi.
I-autophagy ngokwayo yinkqubo apho izinto ezikwiseli zisiwa kwii-lysosome ukuze zichithwe zize ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Umsebenzi wayo awunakugqitywa ngumbhalo weekhalori okwileyibhile yesongezelelo. Izikhokelo zovavanyo lwe-autophagy zahlula inani lezakhiwo ze-autophagy ekuhambeni kwezinto kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-autophagy, okubizwa ngokuba yi-autophagic flux. Ukwanda kwezakhiwo kunokubonisa ukwanda kokwenziwa kwazo okanye ukulibaziseka kokususwa kwazo. Isalathisi esinye asinakuwucacisa loo mahluko.
Ingcaciso yethu ye-methylene blue, i-AMPK novavanyo lwe-autophagy ihlola loo milinganiselo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
Ngaba i-methylene blue iya kukuphelisa ukuzila ukutya?
Akukho mpendulo ithi ewe okanye hayi engaxhomekekanga kumxube othile. Igama elithi “methylene blue” lichaza into esebenzayo, hayi uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezithako okanye uhlalutyo lwezondlo.
- Kwinkcazelo engqongqo evumela amanzi kuphela, umxube we-methylene blue yinto eyongezwa emanzini. Ukuthi awunazo iikhalori akuwenzi ube ngamanzi angenanto.
- Kumgaqo osekelwe kwiikhalori, hlola indlela owenziwe ngayo kanye loo mxube. Iswekile, isiraphu, ioli, okanye ezinye izinto ezithwala isithako neziqulethe amandla kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwezixa zazo zokwenene. Musa ukugqiba ixabiso leekhalori ngombala, ipesenti yoxinaniso, okanye igama lesithako esisebenzayo kuphela.
- “Ekuzileni ukutya ngeenjongo ze-autophagy,” ukungabikho kweswekile eyongeziweyo okanye isixa esincinane seekhalori esichaziweyo akungqini oko kwenzekayo ekuhambeni kwezinto kwinkqubo ye-autophagy kwizicwili zomntu.
- Kuvavanyo lwezonyango, landela imiyalelo yenkonzo eyenza uvavanyo. Isikhokelo seMedlinePlus sokuzila ukutya ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi sahlula ngokucacileyo ukusela amanzi angenanto kwizigqibo eziphathelele amayeza, size sicebise ukuba amayeza angayekwa ngaphandle komyalelo womboneleli wezempilo.
Ibango lokufunxwa lifuna uvavanyo olwahlukileyo: umxube ofanayo uthelekiswe phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo zokuba kutyiwe okanye kuziliwe ukutya, kulinganiswe uxinaniso lwawo egazini ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuva umphumo ngokukhawuleza akungqini ukufunxwa okukhulu ngakumbi. Jonga ukufunxwa nokusasazeka kwe-methylene blue ukuze ufumane ubungqina obuphathelele indlela ethile yokuyifaka emzimbeni. Izifundo zeeseli ezingentla azingqini umgaqo wokuyithatha nokutya.
Ukuzila ukutya kunye ne-methylene blue akunakuthatha indawo yonyango lomhlaza
Iingxelo zokuncipha kweentlungu ngexesha lokuzila ukutya azinakungqina ukuncipha kwethumba okanye ukusinda ixesha elide. Xa izinto ezininzi ezithathwayo, utshintsho ekutyeni, namayeza eentlungu zitshintsha ngaxeshanye, ingxelo yomntu ayinakuchonga ukuba loluphi ungenelelo olubangele ukuphucuka.
Kukho uphando lokwenene ngongenelelo lokutya ngexesha lokunyanyekelwa komhlaza. Ulingo lwe-DIRECT lwesigaba 2 olwabiwa ngokungakhethiyo lwaphonononga ukutya okulinganisa ukuzila ukutya kunye nechemotherapy enikwa ngaphambi kotyando kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamabele wesigaba II/III ongenayo i-HER2. Alufumananga mahluko kubutyhefu phakathi kwamaqela, lwaza lwanika ingxelo yezinye iziphumo ezilungileyo kuhlalutyo lweempendulo. Ezi ziphumo zaziphathelele iqela elikhethiweyo lezigulana nokutya okongezelelweyo kunyango. Azizange zivavanye i-methylene blue, zibonise ukusebenza kokuzila ukutya kuselwa amanzi kuphela, okanye zingqine into enokuthatha indawo yechemotherapy.
Musa ukulibazisa unyango lomhlaza olumiselweyo okanye uluthathele indawo ngale ndibaniselwano. Kumntu ophulukana nobunzima okanye onengxaki yokutya, ukunciphisa ukutya ngakumbi kunokungqubana neemfuno zonyango. Isikhokelo sezondlo seNational Cancer Institute sicacisa ukuba kutheni iikhalori neprotheyini ezaneleyo, ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezondlo, nenkxaso elungiselelwe umntu ngamnye zibalulekile ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza.
I-methylene blue ikwanemingcipheko yeyeza engaxhomekekanga ekuzileni ukutya. Inkcazelo yokumiselwa kwe-PROVAYBLUE ilumkisa nge-serotonin syndrome xa isetyenziswa namayeza achaphazela i-serotonin nee-opioid, yaye ithi mayingasetyenziswa xa kukho ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD. Loo leyibhile yemveliso etofwayo ayingqini ukufaneleka komxube wabathengi othathwa ngomlomo okanye kwendlela yokuzila ukutya. Yiza nemveliso kanye ocinga ukuyisebenzisa noluhlu lwamayeza kwiqela elikunyangelayo ngaphambi kokucinga ngokuyisebenzisa.
Xa uvavanya ibango elitsha, chonga imodeli, ungenelelo, into ekuthelekiswa nayo, nesiphumo esilinganisiweyo usebenzisa isikhokelo sokufunda uphando lwe-methylene blue. Ibango ngabantu abazila ukutya lifuna ubungqina obuvela kubantu abazila ukutya, yaye ibango ngendibaniselwano lifuna ubungqina obuyivavanya ngokwenene loo ndibaniselwano.