Inqaku
Ngaba i-methylene blue iphucula amandla okanye inciphisa ukudinwa?
I-methylene blue ayikaqinisekiswa njengonyango oluthembekileyo lokudinwa kwemihla ngemihla okanye njengento eyandisa amandla kubantu abasempilweni. Uphando olwenzelwe eli nqaku alufumananga bungqina bunokweyisela obuvela kwizifundo ezilawulwayo ebantwini bokuphucuka okuhlala ixesha elide kokudinwa, kwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla, okanye kokuchacha emva komthambo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zibonisa iziphumo zebhayoloji. Oko kufunyanisiweyo kunomda omncinane kunokubonisa ukuba abantu baziva bhetele kwaye benza imisebenzi yabo ngcono.
Ukubhideka kuqala ngegama elithi amandla. Elabhoratri, linokubhekisela ekusetyenzisweni kweoksijini okanye ekuvelisweni kwe-ATP, imolekyuli enika amandla iinkqubo zeeseli. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, linokuthetha ukuhlala uvukile, ukugxila, ukufumana inkuthazo, ukuhamba umgama omde, okanye ukuchacha emva kokuzibhokoxa. Isiphumo esikwelinye icandelo asiphenduli ngokuzenzekelayo imibuzo yamanye amacandelo.
Oko izifundo zee-mitochondria zakulinganisa ngokwenene
I-methylene blue inokwamkela kwaye inike ii-elektroni. Loo mpawu yemichiza inika abaphandi isizathu sokuphanda iziphumo zayo ekuphefumleni kwee-mitochondria. Ayithethi ukuba konke ukwanda kokuphefumla kunenzuzo.
Kuvavanyo lukaVisarius noogxa bakhe lwango-1997 kwizibindi zeempuku, abaphandi bafunda ii-mitochondria ezahlulwe kwezinye iindawo zeeseli, kuquka iisampulu ezivezwe kwi-chloroacetaldehyde. I-methylene blue yavuselela ukuphefumla kodwa yanciphisa nemilinganiselo yolawulo lokuphefumla njengoko uxinaniso lwalusanda, yaza yabangela ukudumba kwee-mitochondria. Ababhali bachaza ukuqhawuka konxibelelwano kwi-oxidative phosphorylation. Oku kuqhawuka kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini nokuveliswa kwe-ATP akusanxulumananga ngokusondeleyo njengangaphambili. Ngoko ukulinganisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweoksijini akuqinisekisi ukwanda kwamandla anokusetyenziswa ngumntu.
Isifundo sango-2017 see-mitochondria ezahlulwe kwiintliziyo zeempuku ezinesifo seswekile nezisempilweni safumanisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweoksijini emva kokuba i-methylene blue yongezwe ngqo kwisampulu. Isiphumo sayo kwi-hydrogen peroxide sasixhomekeke kumthombo wamandla owawunikiwe: ukukhutshwa kwayo kwanda xa kusetyenziswa i-glutamate ne-malate kodwa kwehla xa kusetyenziswa i-succinate. Ukubhekisela kwesihloko sesifundo ekuncipheni koxinzelelo olubangelwa yioksideshini kufuneka kufundwe kunye nalo mqathango.
Akukho nanye kwezi mvavanyo eyanyanga amavolontiya adiniweyo, yalinganisa umlinganiselo wokudinwa kwesigulana, okanye yavavanya ukuba umntu angakwazi na ukugqiba usuku lomsebenzi ngokulula ngakumbi. Zibonisa ukuba kutheni indlela yokulungiselela isampulu yovavanyo, uxinaniso, nesiphumo esilinganisiweyo zibalulekile.
Itheyibhile yobungqina egxile kwiziphumo
Sebenzisa le theyibhile ukujonga ukuba ibango lisekelwe entwenini ngokwenene. Igama elithi “esilawulwayo” lichaza uthelekiso, ngoxa iqela elifundwayo nesiphumo zigqiba ukuba nguwuphi umbuzo olunokuwuphendula olo thelekiso.
| Uhlobo lobungqina | Iqela elifundwayo nothelekiso | Okufunyanisiweyo okanye okuphawuliweyo ngokwenene | Oko kukuqinisekisayo ngamandla ebantwini |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokusebenza kwee-mitochondria | Ii-mitochondria ezahlulwe kwizibindi zeempuku phantsi kweemeko zaselabhoratri ezichaziweyo, 1997 | Ukuphefumla kwanda kunye nobungqina bokuqhawuka konxibelelwano nokudumba | Ukusebenza kwebhayoloji; akukho kuncipha kokudinwa kubonakalisiweyo |
| Indlela yokusebenza kwee-mitochondria | Ii-mitochondria ezahlulwe kwiintliziyo zeempuku ezisempilweni nezinesifo seswekile, 2017 | Ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini kwanda; i-hydrogen peroxide yatshintsha kumacala achaseneyo xa kusetyenziswa ii-substrate ezahlukeneyo | Isiphumo esixhomekeke kwiimeko, hayi ubungqina bokuphucuka kokunyamezela umgudu |
| Ingxelo yamava omntu | Umntu ochaza ukuba uziva enengqondo ecace ngakumbi okanye enamandla ngakumbi, ngaphandle kothelekiso apho engazi ukuba ufumene ntoni | Utshintsho oluvakalelwe ngexesha elithile | Amava afanele ukubhalwa; unobangela, ixesha ahlala ngalo, nendlela abantu abadla ngokusabela ngayo azikaqinisekiswa |
| Isiphumo somsebenzi kwisifundo esilawulwayo ebantwini | Abantu abadala abasempilweni abangama-26; i-methylene blue ethathwa ngomlomo xa ithelekiswa ne-placebo, ngolwabiwo olungacwangciswanga nangendlela apho abathathi-nxaxheba nabaphandi bengazi ukuba ngubani ofumana ntoni, 2016 | Akukho siphumo sibalulekileyo sentsebenziswano phakathi kwechiza nexesha kwixesha lokusabela kuvavanyo lokuphapha; ukuphucuka kwenkumbulo kwiqela elifumene ichiza akuzange kuvelise intsebenziswano ebalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela | Akukho kuphucuka kokuphapha kubonakalisiweyo; akukho nzuzo iqinisekisiweyo kumandla emihla ngemihla |
| Ukusebenza komzimba kwisifundo esilawulwayo ebantwini | Abasetyhini abasempilweni abasibhozo; ulandelelwano lweeseshoni olungacwangciswanga, i-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni ne-placebo, ngendlela apho abathathi-nxaxheba bengazi ukuba bafumana ntoni, 2023 | Ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni nokusetyenziswa kweoksijini okuqikelelweyo kwehla; kwaqokelelwa nemilinganiselo yamandla avakalelwayo emva kokufakwa emthanjeni | Ukusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni ebantwini, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuncipha kokudinwa okuhlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngomlomo |
| Iziphumo kwizifundo ezilawulwayo kwizilwanyana | Iimpuku ezenza umthambo de ziphelelwe ngamandla; unyango olunikezelwa ngempumlo xa luthelekiswa neqela elenza umthambo kuphela, 2025 | Ukuphucuka kwexesha elithathwayo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa ngamandla nakwiziphumo eziliqela zokuziphatha | Ubungqina obufanelekileyo bokusebenza kwezilwanyana; akukho nzuzo iqinisekisiweyo kwiimbaleki ezingabantu okanye ekuchacheni |
Izifundo neziphumo zazo zixutyushwa apha; ithala lophando lwe-methylene blue lilungelelanisa uncwadi olubanzi ngokweqela elifundwayo nohlobo lwesifundo.
Ngaba izifundo zobuchopho ebantwini zibonisa ukuphapha ngakumbi?
Isifundo sango-2016 sokufota ubuchopho kubantu abadala abasempilweni abangama-26, ngolwabiwo olungacwangciswanga, sisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuxhasa amabango abanzi malunga namandla okucinga. Emva kokuba i-methylene blue inikwe ngomlomo kube kanye, abaphandi balinganisa imiqondiso kwimifanekiso yobuchopho, ukuhlala kugxilwe, kunye nemisebenzi yenkumbulo yexesha elifutshane. Ixesha lokusabela kuvavanyo lokuphapha alizange libonise intsebenziswano ebalulekileyo phakathi konyango nexesha, ngo-P = .43.
“Ukuphucuka kwenkumbulo nge-7%” okuphindaphindwa rhoqo kwakulutshintsho phakathi komlinganiselo wangaphambi nowasemva ngaphakathi kweqela le-methylene blue. Uvavanyo oluhambelanayo lwentsebenziswano, olwalujonga ukuba utshintsho lwalwahlukile na phakathi kweqela lonyango neqela le-placebo, aluzange lubaluleke ngokwezibalo, ngo-P = .09. Oko akungqini ukuba i-methylene blue ayinampembelelo kumandla okucinga. Kuthetha ukuba esi siphumo asifanele sichazwe njengenzuzo ebonakalisiweyo ye-7% ngaphezu kwe-placebo, kungasathethwa ke ngokuphucuka kwamandla nge-7%.
Kuvavanyo lukaSingh noogxa bakhe lwango-2023 lokufota ubuchopho ebantwini, abasetyhini abasempilweni abasibhozo baya kwiseshoni ye-placebo nakwiiseshoni ezimbini ze-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni, ngolandelelwano olungacwangciswanga. Ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni nokusetyenziswa kweoksijini ebuchotsheni okuqikelelweyo kwehla, ngokuchasene noko abaphandi babekulindele ekuqaleni. Isifundo saqokelela nemilinganiselo yamandla nemeko yeemvakalelo ngokweengxelo zabathathi-nxaxheba emva kokufakwa emthanjeni. Sasingelovavanyo lonyango lokudinwa ixesha elide, lokuthatha isongezelelo ngomlomo yonke imihla, okanye lokubuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo kwizigulana ezidinwayo.
Ezi zifundo zixhasa ukuphandwa kweziphumo ebuchotsheni. Imilinganiselo yazo ayinakudityaniswa ibe libango elilula lokuba i-methylene blue “yandisa amandla obuchopho.” Uphononongo olubanzi lobungqina beenzuzo ebantwini lwahlula eminye imibuzo yezonyango kwezi mvavanyo.
Ukusebenza kumthambo nokuchacha
Uphando lomthambo kwizilwanyana lubonelela ngesiphumo esithe ngqo ngakumbi kunovavanyo lwee-mitochondria ezahluliweyo, kodwa uhlobo lwesilwanyana nendlela yokunika ichiza zisabalulekile. Kwisifundo sikaPeng noogxa bakhe sango-2025, iimpuku zaqubha ngokuphindaphindiweyo de ziphelelwe ngamandla zaza zanikwa i-methylene blue ngempumlo emva kweeseshoni zoqeqesho. Iqela elifumene unyango labonisa ukuphucuka kwexesha elithathwayo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa ngamandla nasekusebenzeni kuvavanyo lokuziphatha, kunye notshintsho kwimilinganiselo yokwenzakala kobuchopho.
Esi yayingesosifundo soqeqesho ebantwini, kwaye ukunika ichiza ngempumlo akunakuthathwa njengokufana nokulisebenzisa ngomlomo. Asiqinisekisi amaxesha angcono emidyarhweni, ukwanda kwamandla emisipha, ukuncipha kweentlungu zosuku olulandelayo, okanye ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza ebantwini. Uvavanyo oluluncedo ebantwini beluya kulinganisa isiphumo sokusebenza okanye sokuchacha esichazwe kwangaphambili, lusithelekise ne-placebo, luze lubhale iziphumo eziyingozi. Imilinganiselo yee-mitochondria inganceda ukuchaza isiphumo, kodwa ayinakuthatha indawo yaso.
Ukuziva unamandla ngakumbi yinto ephawuliweyo, hayi unobangela
Umntu oziva bhetele emva kokuthatha into ethile usenokuba uchaza ukuphucuka kokwenene. Into engaqinisekanga kukuba kubangelwe yintoni kwaye kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Ukulala, icaffeine, amaxesha okutya, ukutshintsha komthwalo womsebenzi, okulindelweyo, nokuguquguquka okuqhelekileyo kweempawu kunokwenzeka ngexesha elinye nokuthatha into entsha. Ingxelo ekhethwe ngenxa yokuba yayilungile ngokungaqhelekanga nayo ayithethi nto ingako ngamava abo bonke abayizamileyo.
Umzekelo, “Ndigqibe iiyure ezimbini zomsebenzi wamaphepha” inika ulwazi olungakumbi xa idityaniswe nolwazi lokulala kubusuku obungaphambili, amakhefu, ezinye izinto ezithathiweyo, nendlela umntu asebenze ngayo kamva ngaloo mini. Ukuziva uvuselelwe ngoxa ulala kakubi sisiphumo esahlukileyo ekudinweni kancinci kwisithuba seveki. Akukho nanye kula mava ethi ngokwayo ichonge indlela yokusebenza kwee-mitochondria.
Ukudinwa okuqhubekayo ne-ME/CFS kufuna uvavanyo olwahlukileyo
Ukudinwa okungachazekiyo okuqhubekayo okanye okuya kusiba mandundu kufuna uvavanyo lonobangela wako kunokuba kucingelwe ukuba ii-mitochondria zifuna ukuvuselelwa. Umbuzo wezonyango ofanelekileyo uxhomekeke kwindlela ezibonakala ngayo iimpawu, kwimbali yezonyango, ekulaleni, nakumayeza.
I-ME/CFS nayo yahlukile ekudinweni okuqhelekileyo. Ukungaphili emva kokuzibhokoxa kubandakanya ukuba mandundu kwesigulo emva komsebenzi, nto leyo edla ngokulibaziseka. I-CDC ichaza ukuba oku kudla ngokulibaziseka ngeeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-48, kwaye iimpawu zinokuhlala iintsuku okanye iiveki. Iyure enye entle ayinakuqinisekisa ukuphucuka ukuba iintsuku ezilandelayo ziba mbi ngakumbi. Uphononongo lobungqina be-ME/CFS nokungaphili emva kokuzibhokoxa luxoxa ngamabango angqamene nesi sifo neendlela zokubhala iimpawu ezilibazisekayo ngaphandle kokuvavanya imida yomsebenzi onokwenziwa.
I-methylene blue ikwanemingcipheko ebalulekileyo. Ulwazi lwase-U.S. lokumisela i-PROVAYBLUE efakwa emthanjeni lubhekisele kwi-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo. Lulumkisa ngesifo esinzulu se-serotonin xa isetyenziswa kunye namayeza achaphazela i-serotonin nee-opioid, kwaye luthi mayingasetyenziswa kubantu abanokusilela kwe-G6PD ngenxa yomngcipheko we-anemia ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Aluqinisekisi inkqubo yokuyithatha ngomlomo ngenjongo yempilo jikelele. Hlola isikhokelo sokhuseleko lwe-methylene blue neemeko engafanele isetyenziswe kuzo unayo imveliso kanye oza kuyisebenzisa noluhlu lwamayeza akho; musa ukuyeka amayeza amiselweyo ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa.