Inqaku
Ingaba i-methylene blue isusa iintsimbi ezinzima okanye isebenza ekukhupheni ityhefu?
I-methylene blue ayilonyango oluqinisekisiweyo lokususa iintsimbi ezinzima emzimbeni. Imithombo yezonyango kunye nophando oluhlolwe kweli nqaku azikhange zichonge ubungqina ebantwini obubonisa ukuba yandisa ngokubonakalayo ukukhutshwa kwe-lead, mercury, cadmium, okanye arsenic kwaye iphucula iziphumo zetyhefu. Lo ngumda wobungqina obufunyenweyo, hayi ubungqina bokuba zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokusebenzisana kwemichiza ziye zakhutshelwa ngaphandle.
Iingxelo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zidla ngokudityaniswa phantsi kwegama elithi “ukukhupha ityhefu”: imveliso inongcoliseko oluncinci, into ethile itshintsha indlela iiseli ezisabela ngayo kuxinzelelo, kwaye unyango lususa into enetyhefu emntwini. Ubungqina benye kwezi abuqinisekisi ezinye.
Imveliso ecocekileyo sisiphumo somgangatho
Iphaneli yeentsimbi ezinzima ihlola isampuli yemveliso ethunyelweyo. Inokunika ingxelo ngobungakanani be-lead, mercury, cadmium, kunye ne-arsenic, kunye neeyunithi, iindlela, kunye nemida yokunika ingxelo. I-arsenic yi-metalloid, nangona idla ngokufakwa kwiiphaneli ezichazwa njengovavanyo lweentsimbi ezinzima.
Iindlela ze-FDA zokuhlalutya ii-element zibonisa umsebenzi wohlalutyo: ukulinganisa ii-element ezithile kwizinto ezichaziweyo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo. Isiphumo esingaphantsi komda wokunika ingxelo sithetha ukuba ilabhoratri ayikwazanga ukunika ubungakanani obungaphezulu kwaloo mda phantsi kwezo meko. Asithethi ukuba loo element ayikho kwaphela ngokwezibalo.
Kwi-methylene blue, oku kuphendula ukuba ingaba isampuli evavanyiweyo ingenisa ungcoliseko olulinganisiweyo na. Akutsho nto malunga nokususa ungcoliseko esele lusemzimbeni. Isatifikethi esibonisa i-lead ephantsi asinakuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokubophelela nokususa i-lead, kanye njengokuba uvavanyo lwamanzi lungakwazi ukuqinisekisa indlela iyeza elisebenza ngayo.
Isikhokelo sethu malunga neentsimbi ezinzima, Azure B, kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo kwi-methylene blue sichaza ukuba kutheni iphaneli yee-element nayo ishiya eminye imibuzo yomgangatho ingaphendulwanga. Ukuchongwa kwemveliso, izinto ezingafunekiyo ezinxulumene nedayi, kunye nongcoliseko lwee-element kufuna ubungqina bohlalutyo obahlukileyo.
Ukususwa kweentsimbi ngenene kungafuna ntoni?
I-chelation ibandakanya imichiza ebophelela i-ion yentsimbi. Kunyango lwezonyango, umbuzo obalulekileyo kukuba ingaba olo nxibelelwano luyawunceda na umzimba ukukhupha intsimbi echaphazelekayo ngomngcipheko owamkelekileyo. Ukubophelela kwityhubhu yovavanyo kuphela akunakuqinisekisa ukuba into ifikelela kwizicubu ezifanelekileyo, igcina intsimbi ibotshelelwe ngexesha lokuthuthwa, okanye ivelisa inzuzo yezonyango.
Inkcazelo ye-FDA nge-chelation yezonyango yahlula unyango olubhalwe ngugqirha nolujongwayo kwiimveliso ezingavunywanga ezithengiswa ngenjongo yokukhupha ityhefu ekhaya. Ichaza ukuba akukho mveliso ye-chelation evunywe yi-FDA ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphandle komyalelo kagqirha.
Ibango elithembekileyo lokuba i-methylene blue isusa intsimbi lingafuna intsimbi echazwe ngegama, ukuvezwa okuchongiweyo, ifomyula nendlela yokuyinika echaziweyo, amaqela afanelekileyo okuthelekisa, kunye nemilinganiselo ethathwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abaphandi kuya kufuneka bahlule phakathi kokwanda kokukhutshwa kwentsimbi kunye nokusasazeka kwayo kwakhona phakathi kwegazi nezicubu okanye ukuncipha kokuqhubeka kokuvezwa. Iziphumo zempilo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibalulekile kunye namaxabiso aselebhoratri.
“Ukuxhasa iindlela zokukhupha ityhefu” akuboneleli ngaloo milinganiselo ingekhoyo. Kananjalo nendlela ecetywayo yokubophelela enxulumene nesalfure, eqikelelwa kulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli, ayiboneleli ngayo.
Itheyibhile yebango nobungqina
Sebenzisa le theyibhile ukuze uchonge into eneneni elinganiswa yingxelo ngaphambi kokwamkela ibango elihamba nayo.
| Ibango okanye into eqatshelweyo | Ubungqina obujongana nayo | Into engenakuqinisekiswa bubo bodwa |
|---|---|---|
| “Le batch inongcoliseko oluphantsi lweentsimbi ezinzima” | Iziphumo zee-element ezinxulunyaniswe ne-batch, iiyunithi, imida yokunika ingxelo, ukuchongwa kwesampuli, kunye nendlela efanelekileyo eqinisekisiweyo | Ukususwa kweentsimbi emntwini; ukungabikho kwazo zonke ezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo |
| “I-methylene blue inciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative” | Imilinganiselo elawulwayo yeeseli okanye yezilwanyana yee-endpoint ze-redox ezichaziweyo, kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo lovavanyo | Ukubophelela iintsimbi, ukwanda kokukhutshwa kweentsimbi, okanye ukusebenza konyango ebantwini |
| “Intsimbi iyabophelela kuvavanyo lwaselebhoratri” | Imilinganiselo ethe ngqo yokubophelela phantsi kweemeko zemichiza ezichaziweyo | Ukubophelela okuzinzileyo emzimbeni, ukuthuthwa okukhuselekileyo, okanye ukukhutshwa |
| “Umzimba ukhupha intsimbi eninzi” | Imilinganiselo eqinisekisiweyo nengqamene nentsimbi ethile, enexesha elifanelekileyo lokuqokelela, izinto zokuthelekisa, kunye nokutolikwa | Ukuba ityhefu yayikhona, ukuba ubungakanani bubonke obuyingozi kwizicubu behlile, okanye ukuba impilo iphucukile |
| “I-methylene blue ikhupha ityhefu yeentsimbi ezinzima” | Ubungqina bonyango ebantwini obudibanisa ukuvezwa, ungenelelo, indlela intsimbi esasazeka ngayo emzimbeni, iziphumo ezibalulekileyo, kunye nomonakalo | Eli bango libanzi aliqinisekiswanga bubungqina obufunyenwe kweli nqaku |
| “Umchamo ujike waba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye luhlaza” | Ubungqina bombala obunxulumene nedayi | Umlinganiselo wokususwa kwe-lead, mercury, arsenic, okanye cadmium |
Itheyibhile sisixhobo sokufunda ubungqina, hayi inkqubo yovavanyo okanye yonyango.
Iziphumo ze-antioxidant azilinganisi ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi
I-methylene blue ithatha inxaxheba kwimichiza ye-oxidation-reduction. Ngoko uvavanyo lunokuhlola indlela etshintsha ngayo impendulo yeseli kumonakalo ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuba isusa unobangela waloo monakalo.
Umzekelo, uphando luka-2009 oluthi Striatal neuroprotection with methylene blue lwahlola iimpuku ezanikwa ityhefu ye-mitochondria i-rotenone ngqo kummandla wobuchopho, kukho okanye kungekho methylene blue enikwe kuloo ndawo. Abaphandi bavavanya ubukhulu bomonakalo, i-oxidative metabolism, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kunye nokuziphatha kwemoto. Ukhuseleko oluxeliweyo lwalunxulumene nomonakalo wezicubu wovavanyo. I-rotenone ayiyontsimi enzima, kwaye olu yayingelovavanyo ebantwini lokukhutshwa kweentsimbi.
Kukho nephepha elidala lika-1980 elimalunga nomsebenzi wee-enzyme kwiimpuku ezinetyhefu ye-lead. Irekhodi lalo le-PubMed lichonga eso sihloko sovavanyo kodwa alinayo i-abstract. Irekhodi lodwa alinakuqinisekisa isiphumo sonyango, ukususwa kwentsimbi, okanye isindululo ebantwini. Isihloko esiqulethe amagama athi “lead poisoning” asibobungqina obaneleyo bebango le-intanethi lokukhupha ityhefu.
Olu lwahlulo lusebenza kulo lonke ubungqina ebantwini beenzuzo ze-methylene blue. Ithala lophando lilungelelanisa izifundo ngokwabantu okanye izilwanyana ezazifundwa kunye nee-endpoint zazo zokwenene.
Iindlela ezimbini ezimfutshane ezilahlekisayo
Okokuqala, ukunyanga i-methemoglobinemia akuyiyo i-chelation yeentsimbi. Ulwazi lokumisela i-PROVAYBLUE efakwa emthanjeni luchaza indima ye-methylene blue ekuguquleni i-iron ekwi-hemoglobin ukusuka kwimeko ye-ferric ukuya kwimeko ye-ferrous. I-iron itshintsha imeko yayo ye-oxidation ngoxa ihlala iyinxalenye ye-hemoglobin. Oku akubonisi ukususwa kwe-iron okanye ezinye iintsimbi emzimbeni.
Okwesibini, izifundo zokusingqongileyo ezithetha “ngokususa” zinokuguqula iindima abafundi abazicingelayo. Iphepha elinesihloko esithi Removal of mercury and methylene blue from aqueous solution liphanda i-adsorbent ye-graphene oxide eguqulwe ukuze isebenze ngendlela ethile. I-mercury kunye ne-methylene blue zizinto ezisuswa emanzini. I-methylene blue ayilonyango olususa i-mercury kwisigulana.
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuvezwa kokwenene
Qala ngento echaphazelekayo, umthombo, ixesha, kunye nendlela yokuvezwa. Yiza nesikhongozeli semveliso, ulwazi lwasemsebenzini, okanye ingxelo yelebhoratri efanelekileyo kugqirha okanye kwinkonzo yetyhefu. Ukhetho nokutolikwa kovavanyo kuxhomekeke kwintsimbi ekrokrelwayo nakwiimeko zokuvezwa.
Musa ukuthatha i-chelator ngenjongo yokwenza uvavanyo lomchamo lube positive. Isikhundla se-American College of Medical Toxicology malunga novavanyo lomchamo oluvuselelekileyo sichaza ukuba ii-chelator zinokwandisa ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi kubantu abanetyhefu nakwabo bangenayo. Ukuthelekisa ezo ziphumo nemida yesiqhelo yesalathiso somchamo ongakhange uvuselelwe kunokukhokelela kuxilongo olulahlekisayo nakunyango olungeyomfuneko.
I-methylene blue nayo ineziqu zayo zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neemeko apho ingafanele isetyenziswe khona, kuquka ukusebenzisana okubalulekileyo namayeza kunye nemingcipheko kubantu abanokunqongophala kwe-G6PD. Ukuziva ungaphilanga emva kokuyithatha asibobungqina bokuba iintsimbi ziyasuswa kwizicubu.
Xa kukrokrelwa ityhefu ebukhali, qhagamshelana nenkonzo yetyhefu ngokukhawuleza. Isikhokelo se-Poison Control seemeko ezingxamisekileyo sicebisa uncedo olukhawulezileyo lweemeko ezingxamisekileyo xa kukho ukuwa, ukuxhuzula, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukungakwazi ukuvuswa. EUnited States, i-Poison Control ngu-1-800-222-1222 kwaye inombolo yezongxamiseko ngu-911; kwezinye iindawo, sebenzisa iinkonzo zasekuhlaleni. Musa ukulibazisa ukuhlolwa ukuze uzame inkqubo ye-methylene blue yokukhupha ityhefu.