I-Methylene Blue Yeentlanzi Ze-Betta: Imibuzo Ngonyango

Umgcini we-betta ubona amaphiko akrazukileyo, athathe ibhotile eluhlaza, aze aqale ngombuzo ongafanelekanga. Umbuzo udla ngokuba uthi “ndisebenzise engakanani,” ngoxa ufanele uthi “ndiyisebenzisela ntoni, kuwuphi amanzi, kwaye ndiyilinganise njani.” Iintlanzi ze-betta zidibanisa zonke iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwe-akwariyam kwitanki enye encinci: amanzi amancinci akhulisa impazamo yokulinganisa, intlanzi ephefumla umoya ongaphezu kwamanzi, kunye nophawu, amaphiko akrazukileyo, olungachazi isifo esinye esithile.

Le mibuzo neempendulo ijongene nemibuzo ethe ngqo kwi-betta. Ithatha ukuba sele ulandele umthi wezigqibo wonyango lwe-akwariyam, kwaye ishiya izihloko ezibini kumaphepha azo: ubungqina ngokubanzi ngokubola kwamaphiko nezifo zomngundo, neendlela ngokubanzi zokuntywilisela kunyango xa kuthelekiswa nokunyanga etankini.

Ngaba i-methylene blue inyanga ukubola kwamaphiko e-betta?

Akunakuthethwa njalo ngokubanzi. Funda ileyibhile kuqala. Ulwazi ngemveliso ye-methylene blue yakwaKordon luchaza imveliso ye-2.303% enyibilikiswe emanzini, elungiselelwe ukulawula umngundo kumaqanda eentlanzi nosulelo lomngundo oluphezu komzimba, nenokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iiprotozoa zangaphandle nokuncedisa kwiimeko eziqinisekisiweyo zetyhefu ye-nitrite okanye ye-cyanide. Kwaloo leyibhile ayiquki usulelo lweebhaktheriya, iintshulube ze-fluke, i-Oodinium, nezifo zomngundo eziqatha ngakumbi phakathi kweemeko eyenzelwe zona.

Oko kungaziquki kumisela isigqibo kwiimeko ezininzi zokubola kwamaphiko. Ukubola kwamaphiko kwi-betta kudla ngokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, ezifana ne-Aeromonas okanye i-Pseudomonas, okanye yi-columnaris, umngundo uze emva koko kwizicubu esele zonakele. Ngoko umphetho wephiko okhangeleka ngathi ngumqhaphu usenokuba lusulelo lomngundo olungaphezulu kwengxaki yeebhaktheriya enganyangwa yile dayi ngokweleyibhile. Ukunyanga ukukhula okumhlophe okubonakalayo ngoxa usulelo lweebhaktheriya olusisiseko luqhubeka yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokusilela: amanzi ajika abe luhlaza, umgcini azive enze okuthile, kodwa amaphiko aqhubeke encipha.

Ngoko impendulo enyanisekileyo ixhomekeke kwimeko. Ukuba ugqirha wezilwanyana zasemanzini uxilonga usulelo lomngundo oluphezu komzimba we-betta yakho, i-methylene blue iphakathi kwezinto ezinokusetyenziswa kuyo ngokweleyibhile. Ukuba kuxilongwa ukubola kwamaphiko okubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, ayikho phakathi kwazo, kwaye ufuna icebo elahlukileyo. Ubungqina obuxhasa loo mda, kuquka oko i-methylene blue iboniswe ikwenza nengaboniswanga ikwenza kwi-ich, ekuboleni kwamaphiko, nakwizifo zomngundo, buhlolwe kwisikhokelo sobungqina bokubola kwamaphiko nezifo zomngundo. Ungathathi isigqibo esikwelo phepha njengomthamo; endaweni yoko, lifunde sele unesiphumo sokuxilongwa.

Ndingayinyanga i-betta yam kwitanki yayo?

Khetha isikhongozeli sonyango esahlukileyo esingenazihombiso. Iimpawu ezintathu zetanki eqhelekileyo zenza kungakhethwa ukufaka iyeza kuyo ngqo, kwaye zontathu zivela kwileyibhile yemveliso, hayi kumabali aqhelekileyo.

Okokuqala, umenzi ulumkisa ngokuyisebenzisa kwiinkqubo ezixhomekeke kuhluzo lwebhayoloji. Iibhaktheriya ze-nitrification ziguqula i-ammonia eqhubeka iveliswa yi-betta yakho ngexesha lonyango, kwaye unyango oluziphazamisayo lutshintshisa enye ingxaki ngenye. Okwesibini, ileyibhile ilumkisa ngokuphazamiseka kokukhula kwezityalo kwaye ichaza ukuba imveliso iyasuswa yikhabhoni esebenzayo, iphinde ifunxwe zizinto ezinemingxuma emincinci. Oku kwenza ukuba ubungakanani bentlanzi obuchanabeke kwimveliso kwitanki ehonjisiweyo nenesihluzo bungaqikeleleki. Okwesithathu, i-silicone ye-akwariyam inokungcoliseka ngombala ngokusisigxina, nto leyo echaphazela inkangeleko kuphela kodwa ingenakuguqulwa, kwaye kufanelekile ukuyazi ngaphambi kokugalela.

Enye indlela sisikhongozeli sokunyanga esingenazihombiso, esinomthamo wamanzi owaziwayo, isifudumezi, ukungeniswa komoya okuthambileyo, kwaye singenanto enemingxuma emincinci. Olo lungiselelo lukwakhusela itanki yokubonisa ekuchanabekeni kwimveliso. Kodwa ukuyahlula nje intlanzi akwenzi amanzi akhuseleke. Isikhongozeli sokunyanga asinasihluzo sebhayoloji esisele sisebenza, ngoko i-ammonia inokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kumanzi amancinci. Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS ngemichiza kwiinkqubo ezijikeleza amanzi kwakhona sicebisa ukwahlula iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo ukuze zinyangwe, sichaza nokuba iziphumo zemichiza zixhomekeke kubungakanani bokuchanabeka nakwiimeko zenkqubo. Beka iliso kumanzi onyango, lawula ubushushu, kwaye ugcine izixhobo zonyango zahlukile. Iinkcukacha zokuhambelana nezihluzo, izityalo, iishrimpu, neenkqubo zamanzi olwandle ziqokelelwe kwisikhokelo sokuhambelana neetanki nezilwanyana ezikuzo.

I-betta yam ihlala kwitanki encinci. Ndikuphepha njani ukufaka umthamo ogqithisileyo?

Amanzi amancinci ajika iimpazamo ezincinci zokulinganisa zibe ziimpazamo ezinkulu zoxinaniso. Ithontsi elibalwe gwenxa kwisikhongozeli sokunyanga esine-2 liter litshintsha uxinaniso ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunethontsi elifanayo elibalwe gwenxa kwitanki ene-40 liter. Iintlanzi ze-betta zidla ngokugcinwa, zize ke zinyangwe, kanye kula manzi mancinci.

Indlela yokuzikhusela kukulandela inkqubo ecacileyo. Bhala izinto ezine ngaphambi kokulungiselela amanzi onyango: igama elichanekileyo lemveliso, uxinaniso lwesithako sayo esisebenzayo oluchazwe ebhotileni, umthamo wamanzi onyango olinganisiweyo ngeeyunithi ezisetyenziswa kwileyibhile, nendlela oceba ukuyisebenzisa. Ipesenti esebhotileni ichaza isisombululo esisebhotileni, hayi unyango; imiyalelo ichaza ukuba singakanani eso sisombululo esifakwa kumthamo othile wamanzi. Ukuntywilisela ixesha elifutshane nokuchanabeka ixesha elide ziziindibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zoxinaniso nexesha, ngoko ungaze udibanise uxinaniso lwenye inkqubo nexesha lenye. Isikhokelo sokuntywilisela kunyango xa kuthelekiswa nokunyanga etankini sichaza ukuba kutheni ezi ndibaniselwano zingenakutshintshiselana, kwaye sihlalutya iinkqubo ezikwileyibhile.

Linganisa umthamo wamanzi kunokuba uthembe ubungakanani obuchaziweyo betanki. Izinto ezikumgangatho wetanki, izihombiso, nomgangatho wamanzi owehlisiweyo zonke zinciphisa umthamo opapashiweyo, kwaye kwisikhongozeli esincinci isiqingatha se-liter ngasinye esingekhoyo siyinxalenye enkulu yomthamo. Sebenzisa imilinganiselo yemetriki nesirinji okanye ipayipethi enamanqaku omlinganiselo ukulinganisa isisombululo esisebhotileni, hayi amathontsi acinezelwe ebhotileni, kwaye ulungiselele wonke umthamo wamanzi onyango ngaphambi kokufaka intlanzi kuwo.

Ngaba ilungu le-labyrinth litshintsha nantoni na kunyango?

Ewe, ngendlela enye esebenzisekayo. Iintlanzi ze-betta ziintlanzi ezinelungu le-labyrinth: zinyukela phezulu ukuze ziphefumle umoya osesibhakabhakeni ngelungu elikhethekileyo, ukongeza ekufumaneni ioksijini emanzini ngeegill zazo. Ngoko isikhokelo sokuzigcina sicebisa ukuba zikwazi ukufikelela kumphezulu wamanzi ngaphandle komqobo. Isikhongozeli sonyango kufuneka ke sivumele ukufikelela kumphezulu ngalo lonke ixesha, sibe nomoya ofudumeleyo nofumileyo ngaphezulu kwamanzi kunokuba sibe nesiciko esibandayo esivala ngokuqinileyo.

Oku kubalulekile ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, nayiphi na inkqubo ecebisa ukugquma amanzi onyango ngesiciko esikufutshane kakhulu nawo, okanye ukuzalisa isikhongozeli de sifike emphethweni, iyangqubana nendlela ephefumla ngayo intlanzi. Shiya isithuba somoya nesiciko esivumela umoya ukuba udlule. Gcina amanzi onyango kubushushu obufudumeleyo nobuzinzileyo obuqhelwe yintlanzi; isikhokelo soogqirha bezilwanyana sicebisa i-76 ukuya ku-81F kwiitanki ze-betta, obudla ngokugcinwa ngesifudumezi. Okwesibini, ukuphefumla kumphezulu akukhuseli emanzini angalunganga. I-ammonia ne-nitrite zonakalisa iigill zize zibangele uxinzelelo kwintlanzi nokuba iyakwazi ukufikelela emoyeni. Yiyo loo nto isikhongozeli sokunyanga sisafuna ukubekwa iliso nangona intlanzi ekuso ikwazi ukuginya umoya. Ukuba ubona ukukhefuzela okuqhubekayo, ukungabi namandla, okanye ukuzihlikihla, zithathe njengeempawu zengxaki yamanzi okanye yesifo engekasonjululwa, hayi njengezicelo zedayi engakumbi.

Yintoni endifanele ndiyihlole ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-methylene blue?

Hlola indawo ehlala kuyo intlanzi ngaphambi kokubiza igama lesifo. Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS sokulawula impilo yeentlanzi sicebisa ukuhlola umgangatho wamanzi kuqala xa iintlanzi zibonakala zigula, kujongwe ubuncinane ioksijini enyibilikileyo, i-ammonia, i-nitrite, ne-pH xa kuhlolwa ukuqhambuka kwesifo. Itanki ye-betta ekhangeleka icacile isenokuba ne-ammonia eyingozi, engenambala nengenavumba kuxinaniso olonakalisa iintlanzi. Ukuqonda umlinganiselo we-ammonia iyonke kufuna ukwazi ubushushu ne-pH, njengoko i-UF/IFAS ichaza nge-ammonia kwiinkqubo zokufuya izilwanyana zasemanzini.

Landela ulandelelwano lwezigqibo olufanayo nolwaso nasiphi na isilwanyana esiyintlanzi se-akwariyam: qinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi nezixhobo, thelekisa ingxaki exilongiweyo neemeko imveliso eyenzelwe zona ngokwenene, qinisekisa imveliso echanekileyo nemiyalelo efundekayo, qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sonyango siyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemeko zokuhambelana ezikwileyibhile, linganisa umthamo wamanzi okhoyo ngokwenene, uze ucacise icebo lokuqwalasela nokugqiba unyango kunye nendlela yokufuna uncedo olungakumbi. Izilonda, ubunzima bokuphefumla obuqhubekayo, okanye ukufa okuqhubekayo kufuna ukuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza ngugqirha wezilwanyana zasemanzini okanye ingcali yempilo yeentlanzi, kunokuba kuphindwe kufakwe idayi.

Ngaba yonke i-betta entsha ifanele intywiliswe kuthintelo?

Akukho nkqubo yesiqhelo iyithethelelayo loo nto. Amanzi aluhlaza asetyenziswa kuthutho awabobungqina bokuba yonke intlanzi esandul’ ukufika iyazuza ngokuntywilisela kunyango. Kuvavanyo oluxelwe yiTropical Aquaculture Laboratory yeYunivesithi yaseFlorida, i-methylene blue esetyenziswe ekuntywiliseleni ngenjongo yothintelo ayizange iphucule inkangeleko okanye indlela yokuziphatha kweentlanzi ezazilinganiswa. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lothutho lweentlanzi ze-velvet swordtail lwafumanisa inkangeleko engcono kwangoko ngezo zazinyangiwe, kodwa emva kweveki inkangeleko yamaqela yayifana. Ukuchanabeka okwahlukileyo, okuqatshelweyo okwahlukileyo, kungabikho ngcebiso yothutho esebenza kuzo zonke iimeko.

Kwi-betta entsha, ukuyigcina yodwa okwethutyana nokuyiqwalasela kungcono kunonyango lothintelo. Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS sokuba nomnini we-akwariyam onoxanduva siquka ukugcinwa wedwa okwethutyana, uhluzo olufanelekileyo, isondlo, nomgangatho wamanzi kuthintelo lwezifo lwesiqhelo. Qwalasela intlanzi, vavanya amanzi, uze ugcine amayeza ukuze asetyenziswe xa kukho imfuneko echongiweyo phakathi kwelo cebo.

Ngamafutshane

Chaza ingxaki exilongiweyo, uqinisekise ukuba iphakathi kweemeko ezichazwe kwileyibhile yemveliso, uze unyange kwisikhongozeli esingenazihombiso esinomthamo olinganisiweyo, esivumela ukufikelela kumphezulu, kunye necebo lokubeka iliso. Ukubola kwamaphiko ngaphandle kokuxilongwa akusosizathu esichazwe sokusebenzisa imveliso. Itanki encinci engenamthamo olinganisiweyo ayingomlinganiselo womthamo weyeza. Kwaye itanki eluhlaza engenacebo lokuqwalasela ayilonyango.