Inqaku
Imethylene blue kunye nemicrobiome yamathumbu: into eboniswa luphononongo lweempuku
Imethylene blue inokutshintsha ubume beentlobo zeebhaktheriya ezilinganiswa kwilindle leempuku. Eso siphumo asiqinisekisi ukuba iphucula impilo yamathumbu abantu, isusa ngokukhethayo iibhaktheriya eziyingozi, okanye inyanga ukungalingani kweentsholongwane zamathumbu. Umahluko obalulekileyo uphakathi kokutshintsha uluntu lweentsholongwane nokuphucula impilo yesidalwa ezihlala kuso.
Uvavanyo lweempuku olunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nalo mbuzo lwalinganisa iDNA yeebhaktheriya kunye nokusebenza kumzila odidayo. Loo milinganiselo inokuchonga iipateni ezifanele ukuphandwa. Ngokwayo ayinakuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho kwiibhaktheriya lubangele utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha okanye ukuba naluphi na kwezi nguqu luxela kwangaphambili ukuthomalala kweempawu zokugaya ukutya.
Oko abaphandi bakulinganisayo ngokwenene
Kuvavanyo lukaGureev noogxa bakhe luka-2020, iimpuku zeC57Bl/6 ezineenyanga ezintathu ubudala zafumana imethylene blue kangangeeveki ezine kwi-15 mg/kg/day (iimpuku ezisithoba), kwi-50 mg/kg/day (ezisibhozo), okanye amanzi eqela lolawulo (13). Icandelo loyilo lovavanyo aliyichazi ngokucacileyo indlela elanikwa ngayo iyeza okanye isini sezilwanyana.
Iisampulu zelindle zaqokelelwa ngaphambi kokunikwa iyeza nakwiveki nganye. Abaphandi basebenzisa i-qPCR yamaqela eebhaktheriya kunye nohlalutyo olongezelelweyo lokulandelelana kwee-amplicon zeDNA ye-16S. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu zokugqibela, iimpuku zagqiba iintsuku ezimbini zokuqhelaniswa, ezalandelwa ziintsuku ezintathu zovavanyo kumzila odidayo omile okwe-T oneembuyekezo, apho kwakunikwa amanqaku kwizigqibo ezilishumi ngosuku.
Oku kukunikwa iyeza kwiimpuku kuvavanyo, kungekhona iingcebiso zedosi yabantu. Indlela elinikwa ngayo iyeza ibalulekile xa kutolikwa ukuba lingakanani elifikelela emathunjini, kwaye indlela engachazwanga kufuneka ihlale ingachazwanga. Ukuguqula idosi ngokobunzima bomzimba akunakuqinisekisa indlela ekhuselekileyo okanye esebenzayo yokulinika abantu.
Itheyibhile yobungqina bophononongo lwemicrobiome
Le theyibhile yoqobo yahlula oko kwaqatshelwayo kwaza kwaxelwa kumabango ongezelelweyo umfundi anokudibana nawo. Amagama amaqela eebhaktheriya alandela isigama sephepha lophando.
| Umaleko wobungqina | Oko kwaqatshelwayo okanye kwalinganiswa | Umda wokutolika |
|---|---|---|
| Ubume beebhaktheriya kwidosi esezantsi | Kwi-15 mg/kg/day, amaqela athile atshintsha; iDelta/Gammaproteobacteria yanda ekuqaleni yaza ayabonwa kwiveki yesine. | Isampulu ethathwe ekupheleni ingaphoswa lutshintsho lwangaphambili. Ukungabonwa kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo. |
| Ubume beebhaktheriya kwidosi ephezulu | Kwi-50 mg/kg/day, ixabiso eliphakathi leProteobacteria kwiveki yesine laliyi-7.49%, xa lithelekiswa ne-1.61% kumaqela olawulo. | Ukunyuka kwepesenti akuqinisekisi ukwanda kwenani elipheleleyo leeseli eziphilayo. |
| Iinkcukacha zokuhlelwa kweentlobo | Uhlalutyo lokulandelelana kweDNA lwachonga utshintsho ngaphakathi kwamaqela abanzi eebhaktheriya. | Isixa esipheleleyo esingaguqukiyo sephylum sinokufihla utshintsho phakathi kwamalungu ayo. |
| Indlela yokuziphatha kwesidalwa ezihlala kuso | Idosi esezantsi yaphucula amanqaku adityanisiweyo omzila odidayo omile okwe-T; idosi ephezulu ayenzanga njalo. | Oku kukusebenza kumsebenzi othile, kungekhona uvavanyo olubanzi lwamandla okuqonda. |
| Unxulumano | IDeferribacteres yayinonxulumano oluchaseneyo namanqaku osuku lwesibini. | Unxulumano aluchongi intsholongwane ebangela isiphumo okanye indlela esenzeka ngayo. |
| Ukusebenza kwamathumbu | Kwakungekho milinganiselo yesiphumo ethe ngqo yesithintelo samathumbu okanye yeemveliso zemetabolism. | Uphononongo alunakuqinisekisa ukuba ukungeneka kwesithintelo samathumbu kulungisiwe okanye ukuba ukusebenza kweentsholongwane kuphucukile. |
| Uvavanyo loonobangela | Kwakungekho vavanyo lokudlulisa okanye lokunciphisa iintsholongwane. | Akukasonjululwa ukuba iintsholongwane zazilikhonkco elabangela isiphumo kwindlela yokuziphatha. |
Itheyibhile yahlulwe ngenjongo ngokoko kwalinganiswa. Impendulo evumayo kumqolo omnye ayinakuvala umsantsa wempendulo komnye. Umzekelo, ukusebenza ngcono kumzila odidayo akuniki bungqina obungekhoyo malunga nokudumba kwamathumbu.
Kutheni iipesenti zeebhaktheriya zingabonisi oko kwabulawayo
Igama elithi ubuninzi obuthelekiswayo lichaza isabelo seqela kuluntu olulinganisiweyo. Lahlukile kwinani leeseli zeebhaktheriya kwigram nganye yelindle. Kuphononongo lwabo lokulinganisa ubume nemilinganiselo yemicrobiome, uVandeputte noogxa bakhe babonisa ukuba kutheni ubuninzi beentsholongwane bubalulekile xa kutolikwa umahluko phakathi koluntu lwazo.
Cinga ngesampulu engumzekelo enee-yunithi ezilishumi zesidalwa A kunye nama-90 ezinye izidalwa. U-A wenza i-10%. Ukuba u-A uhlala kwishumi ngelixa ezinye zehla ziye kuma-40, u-A ngoku wenza i-20%. Isabelo sakhe siphindeke kabini ngaphandle kokwanda kwesixa sakhe esipheleleyo. Lo mzekelo wezibalo awusosiphumo sovavanyo lwemethylene blue.
Lo mahluko ukwabeka imida kumabango okubulawa kweebhaktheriya. Umlinganiselo osekelwe kwiDNA awulovavanyo oluthe ngqo lokusinda. Ukuqinisekisa ukulahleka kweebhaktheriya ezisaphilayo, uvavanyo lufuna imilinganiselo ejonga ukukwazi kwazo ukuphila kwaye ithathele ingqalelo inani lazo lonke. Ukuqinisekisa utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwazo, lufuna umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokusebenza, njengemveliso yemetabolism elinganisiweyo endaweni yoqikelelo olusekelwe kuphela kumagama eebhaktheriya.
Amagama okuhlelwa abanzi nawo afihla umahluko webhayoloji. Ukuthatha yonke iphylum njengeluncedo okanye njengeyingozi kutyeshela izidalwa kunye nemisebenzi enoxanduva lwesiphumo esithile. Ngoko ke, utshintsho kumlinganiselo ngokwalo alusosigqibo sokuba kukho ukungalingani kweentsholongwane okanye ubungqina bokuba oko kungalingani kunyangekile.
Ngaba imicrobiome yachaza isiphumo somzila odidayo?
Uvavanyo lwabeka ukunikwa iyeza, ubume beebhaktheriya, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha kuphononongo olunye. Oko kuluncedo ekuyileni ingcamango enokuvavanywa. Ukutolika kwethu kukuba uyilo alwahluli phakathi kweenkcazelo ezininzi ezinokwenzeka: isiphumo seyeza esithe ngqo kwindlela yokuziphatha, isiphumo esingathanga ngqo seentsholongwane, okanye iimpendulo ezahlukileyo zendlela yokuziphatha neebhaktheriya ekunikweni iyeza okufanayo.
Uvavanyo olunamandla ngakumbi lokujonga ukuba iintsholongwane zilikhonkco elibangela isiphumo beluya kutshintsha elo khonkco licetywayo ngokuzimeleyo kwiyeza. Abaphandi banokuvavanya ukuba ukudlulisa uluntu lweentsholongwane oluchaziweyo kudlulisa isiphumo na, okanye ukuba ukususa indlela ethile ecetywayo yokusebenza kweentsholongwane kuyasithintela na. Ezo mvavanyo zikwafuna amaqela olawulo okujonga ezinye izinto ezidluliswayo okanye ezitshintshwayo.
Isiphumo sendlela yokuziphatha sifuna ukufundwa ngononophelo olufanayo. Umzila odidayo oneembuyekezo ufuna isilwanyana senze izigqibo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Njengomgaqo wovavanyo, ukusebenza kunokuxhomekeka ekuzimiseleni ukuphonononga, ekushukumeni, ekukhuthazweni yimbuyekezo, nasekufundeni. Ukubiza isiphumo ngokuthi “ukuqonda okungcono” kudibanisa le mahluko. Umsebenzi owalinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo uhlala uyinkcazelo enika ulwazi olungakumbi.
Ngaba imethylene blue iyazibulala iibhaktheriya zamathumbu?
Imethylene blue inokuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wokulwa neentsholongwane phantsi kweemeko zaselabhoratri ezichaziweyo. Oko akuchazi okwenzeka kulo lonke uluntu lweentsholongwane zamathumbu emva kokuyithatha ngomlomo.
Umzekelo, uphononongo lwaselabhoratri lokwenza iibhaktheriya zingasebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya lwavavanya E. coli kunye S. aureus ngezinto ezenza iibhaktheriya zibe novakalelo ekukhanyeni kunye nokukhanyiswa okulawulwayo. Lwavavanya ukwakheka kwamathanga eebhaktheriya kunye nomonakalo kwiinwebu, lwaza lwaquka iimvavanyo zolawulo ezihambelanayo ebumnyameni. Ukukhanya okanye into eyenza uvakalelo ekukhanyeni iyodwa ayizange ibe nasiphumo phantsi kwezo meko zavavanywayo.
Ezo mvavanyo zolawulo ziphendula umbuzo obalulekileyo woonobangela ngaphakathi kolo vavanyo: indibaniselwano ibe negalelo elingakanani? Ukuginya into akuphindi kudale ukukhanyiswa kweebhaktheriya ezixhonywe kulwelo. Kwelinye icala, ukungabikho kwesiphumo kuvavanyo lolawulo ebumnyameni kwiqondo elinye lokuxinana nexesha elinye akuqinisekisi ukuba konke ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokukhanya akunampembelelo yebhayoloji. Isishwankathelo sophando lokulwa neentsholongwane sicacisa le mahluko ixhomekeke kwiimeko.
Uphononongo loluntu lweentsholongwane zamathumbu nalo alunakuqinisekisa unyango losulelo oluthile. Ukuchonga intsholongwane nokubonisa isiphumo esifanelekileyo sonyango yimisebenzi eyahlukileyo, kuquka xa kuvavanywa amabango ngonyango lwezifunxi-gazi.
Oku kuthetha ntoni ngamabango empilo yamathumbu abantu
Uphando olujoliswe kuncwadi lwenzululwazi olwenzelwe eli nqaku aluzange luchonge uvavanyo olulawulwayo lwemicrobiome yamathumbu abantu oluqinisekisa inzuzo kwimpilo yamathumbu evela kwimethylene blue. Leyo yingxelo ngobungqina obufunyenweyo, ayibobungqina bokuba akukho phononongo lufanelekileyo lukhoyo. Uphando ebantwini lonyango lwephotodynamic olusetyenziswa kwindawo ethile ngaphakathi emlonyeni lungumbuzo owahlukileyo: umzekelo, uvavanyo lwabantu abangama-45 abanomoya womlomo onukayo lwathatha iisampulu zomaleko wolwimi lwaza lwalinganisa iigesi ezikumoya womlomo, kungekhona impilo yamathumbu.
Ukuxhasa ibango lempilo yamathumbu abantu, uphononongo beluya kufuna iqela labantu elichaziweyo, umxube kunye nendlela yokuwunika ezinokuphindwa, into efanelekileyo yokuthelekisa nayo, kunye nesiphumo esibalulekileyo kwelo qela. Ubume beentsholongwane bunokunceda ukuchaza isiphumo, kodwa ukuphucuka kweempawu, ukulawulwa kwesifo, kunye neziphumo ezingathandekiyo kusaza kufuna ukuvavanywa.
Iiveki ezine kwimodeli enye yeempuku nazo azinakuqinisekisa iziphumo zeenyanga okanye zeminyaka yokusetyenziswa. Uphononongo lokusebenzisa imethylene blue yonke imihla nangexesha elide lwahlula ixesha lonyango kwixesha lokuqwalasela nakwimilinganiselo yeziphumo zokhuseleko. Ukuze ufumane umxholo obanzi wezonyango, jonga oko kuxhaswa luphando ebantwini.