Inqaku
Iinzuzo ze-methylene blue: oko kuxhaswa luphando ebantwini
I-methylene blue inomsebenzi wezonyango obonakalisiweyo, kodwa oko akuyimiseli njengesongezelelo sempilo ngokubanzi. Uphando ebantwini lubandakanya iimvavanyo ezincinci zenkumbulo nemetabolism yengqondo, izifundo kumaqela athile ezigulana, neziphumo ezingahambelaniyo namabango axhaphakileyo okwandisa amandla. Umbuzo oluncedo ngulo: inzuzo kubani, ilinganiswa ngasiphi isiphumo?
Ichiza linokulungisa inkqubo ethile yesifo ngaphandle kokuphucula inkqubo esele isempilweni. Utshintsho kumfanekiso wengqondo lunokubonisa ukuba into ethile iyasebenza ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuba umntu ucinga ngokucace ngakumbi. Ukugcina lo mahluko kucacile kutshintsha indlela obuqondwa ngayo ubungqina.
Yeyiphi inzuzo esele ibonakalisiwe?
EUnited States, ulwazi lokumiselwa kwe-ProvayBlue efakwa emthanjeni luchaza unyango lwe-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni. Kule meko, i-oxidation itshintsha ihemoglobin ukuze ingakwazi ukuthwala ioksijini ngendlela eqhelekileyo. I-methylene blue inceda ukuguqula loo hemoglobin itshintshileyo ibuyele kwimo yayo esebenzayo.
Olu lunyango olukhethekileyo olunomxube, indlela yokufakwa, uxilongo, nokubekwa esweni okuchaziweyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba isisombululo esithengiswa ezivenkileni nesithathwa ngomlomo sandisa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini okanye siphucula impilo yomntu ongenayo i-methemoglobinemia. Lo mahluko umalunga noko kwabonakaliswayo, hayi ukuba le nto iyasebenza na ngokwebhayoloji.
Itheyibhile yobungqina bebango ngalinye
Le theyibhile yahlula iziphumo kwizigulana kwimilinganiselo yovavanyo. Sisikhokelo sobungqina esigxile kwimiba ethile, hayi uluhlu lwazo zonke iindlela zokusetyenziswa ezicetywayo. Isiphumo esilungileyo sisebenza kwiimeko zesifundo ezibonisiweyo.
| Ibango lenzuzo | Abantu abaphononongwayo neemeko zesifundo | Isiphumo esilinganisiweyo noko kwafunyanwayo | Umda ophambili |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukunyanga i-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo | Abantu abadala nabantwana abafumana imveliso emiselweyo efakwa emthanjeni | Ukubuyiselwa kwehemoglobin esebenzayo kusisiseko sokusetyenziswa okuvunyiweyo okuchazwe ngasentla | Lunyango lwesifo esithile, hayi ubungqina bokuphuculwa kwempilo ngokubanzi |
| Ukuphucula inkumbulo okanye ingqalelo | Uvavanyo luka-2016 olunokwabiwa okungakhethiyo: abantu abadala abasempilweni abangama-26; ukunikezelwa kube kanye ngomlomo xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo; ukuvavanywa emva kweyure enye | Ukutshintsha kokusebenza kwengqondo okunxulumene nomsebenzi; ukuphucuka malunga ne-7% kwiimpendulo ezichanekileyo zokukhumbula kwiqela le-methylene blue | Uthelekiso lokuziphatha oluqwalasela ichiza nexesha aluzange lubaluleke ngokwezibalo, P = .09; ixesha lokusabela kuvavanyo lwengqalelo alizange liphucuke |
| Ukunyusa amandla engqondo | Uvavanyo luka-2023 lokutshintshiselana unyango: abafazi abasempilweni abasibhozo; i-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni kumanqanaba amabini okufumana ichiza, kunye ne-placebo ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo | Ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni kunye nemetabolism yeoksijini eqikelelweyo kwehla | Isifundo esincinci sephysiology sexesha elifutshane; asiyomvavanyo yempilo ngokubanzi yokuthathwa ngomlomo, kwaye asibobungqina bomonakalo okanye inzuzo ngokwezonyango |
| Ukuphucula ukudakumba okanye ukuxhalaba | Uvavanyo luka-Alda noogxa bakhe lwe-bipolar disorder: abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-37 abathatha i-lamotrigine; ukutshintshiselana unyango kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kuthelekiswa imilinganiselo ephezulu nesezantsi ethathwa ngomlomo | Iimpawu ezishiyekileyo zokudakumba nokuxhalaba zaphucuka; iziphumo kumandla okuqonda azizange zibaluleke ngokwezibalo | Unyango olongezelelweyo kwiqela lezigulana elikhethiweyo; ichiza elisebenzayo elinomlinganiselo osezantsi lisetyenziswe njengothelekiso; oku akunakumisela ukuphuculwa kweemvakalelo ngokubanzi |
| Ukunyanga isifo sika-Alzheimer | Uvavanyo lwe-LMTM lwesigaba 3 luka-2016: izigulana ezingama-891 ezinesifo esibuthathaka okanye esiphakathi; iinyanga ezili-15 | Uhlalutyo oluphambili olwalumiselwe kwangaphambili alufumananga nzuzo kumandla okuqonda okanye kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kwimilinganiselo ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo elifumana umlinganiselo osezantsi | I-LMTM ngumxube owahlukileyo we-methylthioninium ekwimo encitshisiweyo; iziphumo zayo azinakuqinisekisa amathontsi e-methylene blue athengiswa ezivenkileni |
| Ukuphucula ukuchacha kwi-septic shock | Uvavanyo luka-2023 kwiziko elinye: kwahlalutywa izigulana ezingama-91; unyango olufakwa emthanjeni longezwa kunyango olunzulu, luthelekiswa ne-placebo | Ixesha eliphakathi lokuyeka amayeza anyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi laliyiyure ezingama-69 xa kuthelekiswa nezingama-94 | Ukufa kwakufana kumaqela; uvavanyo lwalungenawo amandla ezibalo aneleyo okumisela inzuzo yokusinda; unyango lwalusesibhedlele |
| Ukucothisa ukuguga kolusu | Iimvavanyo zika-2017 zee-fibroblast nolusu olwakhiwe ngokutsha: iiseli zabantu ezikhuliswe elebhu neemodeli zethishu ezinemilinganiselo emithathu | Utshintsho lwaluquka ukuncipha koxinzelelo lwe-oxidation nokuphucuka kokufuma nobukhulu bolusu lwemodeli | Izinto ezivela ebantwini azilovavanyo olwenziwa ebantwini; akukho bungqina apha bokuba ukusela i-methylene blue kunciphisa imibimbi |
| Ukwandisa ubude bobomi babantu | Uphononongo luka-2021 lokuchasana nokuguga luxoxa ngeendlela zokusebenza, iimvavanyo zeeseli, uphando lwezilwanyana, nophando lwezonyango olukhethiweyo | Ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokwebhayoloji kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ezinxulumene nokuguga | Olu phononongo alulovavanyo lobude bobomi babantu; iziphumo ezicatshuliweyo azimiseli ubomi obude ebantwini |
Isifundo senkumbulo sibonisa okungakanani?
Inani le-7% kufuneka lihambe nothelekiso lwalo. Ukuphucuka xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wokuqala weqela ngokwalo akufani nenzuzo ebonakalisiweyo ngaphezu kwe-placebo. Ukuphinda umsebenzi kunokuphucula indlela owenziwa ngayo ngenxa yokuqhelana nawo, nto leyo esesinye sezizathu zokubaluleka kweqela lolawulo.
Kuvavanyo olungasentla, uthelekiso lwezibalo lotshintsho kumaqela aluzange lufikelele kumda oqhelekileyo wokubaluleka ngokwezibalo. Oku akungqini ukuba kwakungekho siphumo. Kwenza ukuba isiphumo sokuziphatha sibe sesokuqala esisafuna ukuqinisekiswa. Kwaye ukwanda kokusebenza okubonwa kwimifanekiso yengqondo ngexesha lomsebenzi akumiselanga ukuphucuka kwengqalelo yemihla ngemihla, ukusebenza emsebenzini, okanye ukukhuseleka kwisifo sengqondo esibangela ukwehla kwamandla okuqonda. Jonga uphononongo lobungqina benkumbulo namandla okuqonda ukuze ufumane uvavanyo olujolise kwisiphumo ngasinye.
Ngaba i-methylene blue yandisa amandla?
“Amandla” anokuthetha ukuziva ungadinwanga kangako, ukuvelisa i-ATP eninzi kwiiseli, ukusebenzisa ioksijini eninzi, okanye ukwenza umthambo ixesha elide. Ezi ziziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ubungqina besinye abunakuthatha indawo yobesinye kungakhange kuchazwe.
Isifundo sabafazi abasibhozo sinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kuba abaphandi babelindele ukwanda kwemetabolism yengqondo, kodwa babona okuchaseneyo. Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kwiimpuku nazo zafumanisa ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi nemetabolism yeglucose phantsi kweemeko ezivavanyiweyo. Ababhali baxoxa ngeziphumo ezixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wechiza nangokuba iingqondo ezisempilweni zinokusabela ngokwahlukileyo kwiinkqubo ezingasebenzi kakuhle.
Oku akuchongi elinye inqanaba lokufumana ichiza eliphucula amandla ngokuthembekileyo. Ukufakwa emthanjeni nokuthathwa ngomlomo nako kuvelisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zobukho bechiza emzimbeni. Isifundo sixhasa ukuvavanywa kwendlela yokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunokucinga ukuba ukusebenza kweemitochondria kusoloko kusanda. Uphononongo lwethu lobungqina beemitochondria luhlolisisa lo mahluko ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
Kutheni iziphumo zezilwanyana neeseli zingawagqibi amabango empilo
Iimvavanyo zangaphambi kovavanyo lwezonyango zinceda ekuchongeni iindlela zokusebenza nasekugqibeni ukuba yintoni efanele ukuvavanywa ebantwini. Zinokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bento ejikeleze iseli, zidale ukwenzakala okuthile kwisilwanyana, okanye zilinganise utshintsho lwethishu olungenakufundwa lula ebantwini.
Ezi zinto ziluncedo zikwabeka imida ekusebenziseni iziphumo ebantwini. Ukukhusela iseli ebekwe phantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo akubonisi ukuba umntu omdala osempilweni uza kuziva engcono. Isampulu yolusu olwakhiwe ngokutsha ayilingisi ukujikeleza kwegazi lomntu, imetabolism yakhe, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, okanye iminyaka yokuchanabeka. Isifundo solusu ngumzekelo ocacileyo: ukuvela kwalo ebantwini akutshintshi imilinganiselo yethishu yaselebhu ibe ziziphumo zokuphuculwa kwenkangeleko ezibonakaliswe ebantwini.
Ngokufanayo, uphononongo olunesihloko esiquka “ukuchasana nokuguga” lunokushwankathela iimvavanyo ezithembisayo ngaphandle kokumisela ubomi obude. Yahlula isiphumo esicetywayo kweso sasilinganiswa ngokwenene. Uphononongo lobungqina bobomi obude nokuchasana nokuguga lulandela lo mbuzo kulo lonke uphando.
Ngaba iinzuzo zahlukile kumadoda nakubafazi?
Izifundo ezikhoyo azimiseli iinzuzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo ngokubanzi ngokwesini. Isampulu yephysiology enabafazi kuphela isixelela ukuba ngoobani abathathe inxaxheba; ngaphandle kothelekiso namadoda, ayinakubonisa impendulo ekhethekileyo kubafazi. Izifundo eziquka izini zombini nazo zifuna amanani aneleyo nothelekiso olucwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba zixhase amabango eziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
Kumadoda, uphando oluhloliweyo apha alumiselanga iinzuzo kwitestosterone, kwinzala, okanye ekusebenzeni ngokwesondo. Kubafazi, alumiselanga ukukhululeka kwiimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni okanye ukulungelelaniswa kweehomoni. Ukukhangela okujoliswe kwiimvavanyo zetestosterone nokuyeka ukuya exesheni akufumananga bungqina bonyango obuqinisekisayo ebantwini kula mabango. Le yingxelo engobungqina obufunyenweyo, hayi isiqinisekiso sokuba zonke iziphumo ezinokwenzeka sele zikhutshelwe ngaphandle.
Ukukhulelwa kutshintsha uvavanyo lomngcipheko: ileyibhile yechiza elimiselweyo ilumkisa ngomonakalo onokubakho kusana olungekazalwa. Ibango elibanzi “leenzuzo kubafazi” alinako ukususa loo nkxalabo.
Ngaba ilungile kuwe?
Akukho nzuzo ibonakalisiweyo esebenza kumntu wonke enokuphendula lo mbuzo kuye wonke umfundi. Isiphumo esifunwayo, imeko yempilo, indlela yokuthatha ichiza, namanye amayeza zonke zibalulekile. Ileyibhile yechiza elimiselweyo iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwalo xa kukho ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD ngenxa yomngcipheko weanemia ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye ilumkisa nge-serotonin syndrome enzulu xa lisetyenziswa namayeza achaphazela iserotonin kunye nee-opioid. Funda isishwankathelo seziphumo ebezingalindelekanga neemeko ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kunye nalo naliphi na ibango lenzuzo.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isifundo esinesiphumo esilungileyo njengesincomo sakho buqu, chonga abantu abaphononongwayo, uthelekiso, isiphumo esilinganisiweyo, nexesha lokulandelela. Buza ukuba isiphumo sichaphazela iimpawu okanye ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla, okanye ngumlinganiselo waselebhu kuphela. Yiza nesifundo kanye eso kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso kwingxoxo nengcali yezonyango, usebenzisa le mibuzo yokubuza nge-methylene blue. Musa ukutshintsha amayeza amiselweyo ukuze ukwazi ukulandela inkqubo yovavanyo yokuphucula impilo ngokubanzi.