Chinyorwa
Chii chiri mumunyunguduko wemethylene blue? Kuverenga zvinoumba musanganiswa
Munyunguduko wemethylene blue une dhayi yakanyungudutswa muchinhu chemvura. Zvimwe zvaunazvo zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo emusanganiswa. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine methylene blue nemvura chete; zvimwe zvine doro, chinhu chinogadzirisa pH, zvinochengetedza musanganiswa, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda. Mashoko ekuti “munyunguduko wemethylene blue” haatsananguri zvose zvinoshandiswa pakuugadzira.
Verenga rondedzero yezvinoumba musanganiswa pamwe chete neuwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu uye mashandisirwo akatarwa. Izvi zvinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana: chii chirimo, dhayi yakawanda sei irimo, uye chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinopihwa kuti chiitei. Rondedzero pfupi yezvinoumba musanganiswa haigoni kupindura mibvunzo yacho yose iri mitatu.
Tanga nedhayi nechinoinyungudutsa
Methylene blue inogona kunyorwawo nezita rekuti methylthioninium chloride. Ndiyo inopa ruvara rwebhuruu rwunozivikanwa. Mumusanganiswa wakavakirwa pamvura, mvura ndiyo inonyungudutsa dhayi. “Wakavakirwa pamvura” zvinoratidza musanganiswa une mvura sehwaro, asi hazvisimbisi kuti mvura ndiyo chete chinhu chemvura chirimo kana kuti hapana zvimwe zvakawedzerwa.
Uwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu hwakasiyana nekuti chinhu chirimo chii. Chinyorwa chinoti 1% yehuremu pavhoriyamu chinoreva 1 gram yemethylene blue mu100 mL yemunyunguduko wakapedzwa, zvakaenzana ne10 mg/mL. Hazvirevi kuti upfu hune kuchena kwe1%, kana kuti bhodhoro rine mvura inosvika 1%. Paunenge uchienzanisa munyunguduko wemethylene blue wakagadzirwa neupfu, siyanisa uwandu hwedhayi nevhoriyamu yose yemvura.
Kuenzanisa kwakatsanangurwa kwezvinyorwa zvezvinoumba musanganiswa
Kuenzanisa kunotevera kunoshandisa tsananguro mbiri dzezvigadzirwa dzakaburitswa uye musanganiswa mumwe werabhoritari. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mazita akafanana ezvinoumba musanganiswa anogona kuwanikwa muzvigadzirwa zvine zvinodiwa nemashandisirwo akasiyana. Zvigadzirwa izvi hazvigoni kutsivana.
| Musanganiswa | Zvinoumba musanganiswa zvakaziviswa | Madudzirwo eruzivo |
|---|---|---|
| Blupreme 1% munyunguduko wakavakirwa pamvura | Methylene blue yegiredhi reUSP nemvura yakacheneswa; hapana doro, zvinopa kuravira, zvinotapira, kana zvinochengetedza musanganiswa zvakawedzerwa | Zvinhu zviviri zvakaziviswa. Chirevo che1% chinotsanangura uwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu, kwete kuchena kwemvura yose. |
| PROVAYBLUE yejekiseni | Methylene blue pa5 mg/mL nemvura yejekiseni | Chinyorwa chinoratidzawo kuti ichi chigadzirwa chisina utachiona, chinopinzwa mutsinga uye chinoda kunyorerwa nachiremba. Zvinhu izvi hazvigoni kungofungidzirwa nekuti mune dhayi nemvura. |
| Dhayi yaLoeffler yemethylene blue mubhuku rerabhoritari reFDA | Methylene blue, ethanol, nemunyunguduko wepotassium hydroxide wakarerutswa | Dhayi yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa murabhoritari. Doro nemamiriro ane alkalinity chikamu chezvinodiwa pakugadzira reagent iyi, kwete humbowo hwekuti minyunguduko yose yemethylene blue inoda zvinhu izvi. |
Ruzivo rwakaburitswa nezvemusanganiswa weBlupreme runotsanangura zvinhu zviviri zviri pamusoro. Ichi chirevo chezvinoumba musanganiswa. Hachifaniri kutambanudzwa kuti chive chirevo chekuti hapana kana tsvina ingavapo muhuwandu hudiki kwazvo, kana kuti kusawedzera zvimwe zvinhu kunovandudza migumisiro yekurapa.
Ruzivo rwekunyorera PROVAYBLUE runoratidza kukosha kwetsananguro yechigadzirwa chakapedzwa. Runotsanangura kusava neutachiona, kupinzwa mutsinga, uwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu, uye kurongedzwa, pamusoro pezvinoumba musanganiswa. Bhodhoro rakajairika rine methylene blue nemvura haribvi rakodzera kushandiswa sejekiseni nekuti mazita ezvinhu zvirimo akafanana neari murondedzero iyoyo.
Musanganiswa wedhayi yaLoeffler weFDA unoratidza dambudziko rakapesana: zita redhayi rinozivikanwa rinogona kuvanza musanganiswa usingazivikanwi. Pabasa rerabhoritari, tarisa zvose zvinodiwa pareagent usati waitsiva nemunyunguduko uri nyore wakavakirwa pamvura.
Duramazwi remabasa ezvinoumba musanganiswa
Shandisa duramazwi iri kutsanangura chinyorwa chiri pachigadzirwa. Chinhu chiri mumusanganiswa chinogona kuva nemabasa anopfuura rimwe; mugadziri anofanira kujekesa basa racho kana chinyorwa chisingaritsananguri.
| Izwi riri pachinyorwa | Basa mumusanganiswa | Mubvunzo unobatsira pakutsvaga rumwe ruzivo |
|---|---|---|
| Methylene blue | Dhayi yakataurwa nezita kana chinhu chinoshanda, zvichienderana nechinangwa chechigadzirwa | Uwandu hwayo pavhoriyamu uye chimiro chayo chemakemikari chakataurwa ndezvipi? |
| Mvura kana mvura yakacheneswa | Chinonyungudutsa kana mvura inotakura zvimwe zvinhu | Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pamvura uye zvinodzorwa pachigadzirwa chakapedzwa? |
| Ethanol | Chinonyungudutsa kana chinobatsira chimwe chinonyungudutsa; chinangwa chayo chinoenderana nemagadzirirwo emusanganiswa | Doro rinowedzerwa nemaune here, uye pahuwandu hupi pavhoriyamu? |
| Chinochengetedza musanganiswa | Chinodzivisa kukura kwezvipenyu zvidikidiki mumusanganiswa | Kushanda kwacho kwakasimbiswa muchigadzirwa ichi here? |
| Buffer kana chinogadzirisa pH | Chinochengetedza kana kushandura acidity kana alkalinity | Pane muganhu wepH wakatarwa nokuda kwemashandisirwo anodiwa here? |
| Chinopa kuravira kana chinotapira | Chinoshandura zvinoonekwa nenhengo dzokunzwa | Zvose zvinoumba musanganiswa zvakaziviswa here, kusanganisira zvinhu zvine chekuita nekusawirirana kwemuviri nezvimwe zvinhu? |
| Chimwe chinhu chinoshanda chakawedzerwa | Chinowedzera chimwe chiito chakatarwa chemuviri kana chemushonga | Uwandu hwacho hwakadii, uye ndehupi humbowo huripo pamusoro pemusanganiswa wacho? |
Mumishonga, “excipient” zvinoreva chinhu chisiri icho chinoshanda, chinowedzerwa nokuda kwechinangwa chakatarwa. Tsananguro yeEuropean Medicines Agency yezvinhu zvinonzi excipients inopawo musiyano unobatsira: chinhu chinotsanangurwa sechisingashandi chinogona kuramba chine zvachinoita mune mamwe mamiriro. Kuti “hachishandi” haisi vimbiso yekuti hachina zvachinoreva kumunhu wese kana pamashandisirwo ese.
Zvinonyatsorehwa nekuti hapana doro uye hapana zvinochengetedza musanganiswa
Musanganiswa usina doro hauna doro rakawedzerwa nemaune sechinotakura zvimwe zvinhu, maererano netsananguro yemugadziri. Izvi hazvitsivi kuongororwa kwechinoumba musanganiswa kuti mune zvakasara zvezvinonyungudutsa here. Zvinhu zvakasara pakugadzira nechinonyungudutsa chakawedzerwa nemaune zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinoongororwa pachishandiswa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana.
Saizvozvowo, kuti hapana zvinochengetedza musanganiswa kunotsanangura sarudzo yakaitwa pakugadzira. Hazvisimbisi kusava neutachiona, kushanda kuri nani, kana kugara wakatsiga pasina muganhu wenguva. Uye kuvapo kwechinochengetedza musanganiswa hakusimbisi kuti chigadzirwa hachina kunaka. Mubvunzo unokosha ndewekuti musanganiswa wakapedzwa unozadzisa here zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwawo kwakarongwa.
Nhungamiro yeFDA pamusoro pezvinochengetedza musanganiswa pakugadzira mishonga inosiyanisa kuongorora kushanda kwechinochengetedza musanganiswa nekuyera uwandu hwacho. Inotaurawo kuti zvinochengetedza musanganiswa hazvifaniri kutsiva maitiro akanaka ekugadzira. Kungonyora chinochengetedza musanganiswa murondedzero hakuratidzi kuti zvipenyu zvidikidiki zvinodzorwa zvakakwana.
Nguva iyo chigadzirwa chinoramba chakakodzera kushandiswa inoda humbowo hwayo. FDA inotsanangura kuti mazuva ekupera kwemishonga anoenderana neruzivo rwekutsiga kwayo uye mamiriro ekuchengetedza akanyorwa pachigadzirwa. Usatora nguva yekuchengetedza yerimwe zita rechigadzirwa nekuti zvose zvinonyora mvura nemethylene blue. Tarisa kurongedzwa kwechigadzirwa chacho uye mirayiridzo yekuchengetedza nenguva yokuramba chakakodzera kushandiswa yakanangana nechigadzirwa ichocho, kusanganisira mirayiridzo ipi neipi yepashure pokuvhura.
Misanganiswa ine zvinhu zvakawanda inoda kuenzaniswa neimwe nzira
Ngatitii chimwe chigadzirwa chine methylene blue mumvura, asi chimwe chinewo caffeine nezvinhu zvakati wandei zvakatorwa mumiti. Kunyange uwandu hwemethylene blue pavhoriyamu hwakafanana, zvigadzirwa zvacho zvakasiyana pane zvinopfuura chimiro chazvo. Chiitiko chakataurwa pashure pekushandisa musanganiswa hachigoni kungonzi chakakonzerwa nemethylene blue. Zvimwe zvinhu zvirimo, uwandu hwazvo, kudyidzana kwazvo, uye mamiriro ekushandisa zvinoramba zviri zvimwe zvinogona kutsanangura chiitiko chacho.
Muganhu iwoyo unoshandawo kuzviratidzo zvisingadiwi. Uchapupu hwemunhu hunotaura chete chinhu chikuru chinoshambadzwa hunosiya ruzivo rungava rwakakosha. Kuti chiremba kana wemishonga aongorore zvakaitika pakusangana nechigadzirwa, chengetedza rondedzero yose yezvinoumba musanganiswa, uwandu hwazvo, nhamba yebatch, nguva, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakashandiswa. Tsvaga zano rekurapa pamusoro pezviratidzo pane kuedza kusimbisa chakazvikonzera nekushandisa chigadzirwa zvakare.
Kuenzanisa uku kunokoshawo pakuchinja pakati pemasiwiti anotsengwa nemadonhwe emvura kana macapsule, mapiritsi, nemvura. Enzanisa musanganiswa wose pachiyero chakataurwa, kwete chinhu chinongosimbiswa pachinyorwa chepamberi chete.
Usati wasarudza chigadzirwa, ziva zvose zvinoumba musanganiswa wacho, uwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu, mashandisirwo akatarwa, nemagwaro anotsigira ruzivo rwacho. Chimwe nechimwe chinopindura mubvunzo wakasiyana. Rondedzero yezvinoumba musanganiswa ndiyo pokutangira pakuongorora uku, kwete pokupedzisira.