Chinyorwa
Methylene blue, methylfolate, nemethyl-B12: makemikari akasiyana nemabasa awo
Methylene blue haisi methylfolate kana methyl-B12. Methylfolate imhando yevhitamini B9; methyl-B12 imethylcobalamin, rudzi rwevhitamini B12. Zvinotora chikamu mukuchinja kumwe chete kwemakemikari mumuviri. Methylene blue idhayi inogadzirwa uye chinhu chinoshandiswa semushonga, chine makemikari akasiyana. Haisi chinhu chekudya chinopa boka remethyl kana chinotsiva rimwe remavhitamini aya.
Mazita akafanana anoita kuti zvinotaurwa zvisina humbowo zviite sezvinonzwisisika: kana chinhu chiine “methyl,” zvimwe chinovandudza “methylation.” Zita rekemikari harigoni kuratidza kuti ine basa iroro. Mibvunzo inokosha ndeyekuti morekuru racho rinoitei mukuchinja kwemakemikari kwakati uye kana basa iroro riine kubatsira kwakaratidzwa kumunhu ari kufunga kurishandisa.
Enzanisa kuti zvinhu zvacho chii usati waenzanisa kubatsira kwazvo
PubChem inotsanangura methylene blue semethylthioninium chloride, dhayi yerudzi rwephenothiazinium. Gwaro reNIH rinopa ruzivo rwefolate rinotsanangura methylfolate se5-methyltetrahydrofolate, inowanzopfupikiswa kuti 5-MTHF. Gwaro reNIH rinopa ruzivo rwevhitamini B12 rinosiyanisa methylcobalamin nedzimwe mhando dzeB12. Tsananguro idzi dzinobatsira kunzwisisa kuenzanisa kuri pasi apa.
| Mubvunzo | Methylene blue | Methylfolate | Methyl-B12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chii? | Methylthioninium chloride, dhayi inogadzirwa | 5-MTHF, rudzi rwefolate | Methylcobalamin, rudzi rweB12 rune cobalt |
| Ivhitamini here? | Kwete | Rudzi rwevhitamini B9 | Rudzi rwevhitamini B12 |
| Basa rine chekuita nemakemikari omuviri | Inogona kugamuchira nekutamisa maerekitironi kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari kweredox | Inopa boka remethyl mukuchinja kwemakemikari kunoitwa nemethionine synthase | Chinhu chinobatsira chakabatana neenzayimu, chinotora chikamu mukutamisira boka iroro kuhomocysteine |
| Musiyano upi unokosha? | Kushanda semushonga kwakasiyana nekutsiva chinovaka muviri | Makemikari efolate akasiyana neemhando dzeB12 | Chinhu chinobatsira enzayimu hachisi enzayimu yacho |
| Chii chisingaratidzwi nezita racho? | Basa rekutsiva folate kana rekurapa dambudziko remethylation | Kuti munhu wese anoda rudzi urwu rwefolate | Kuti rudzi urwu rwechokuwedzera ndirwo rwakanakira dambudziko rese rine chekuita neB12 |
Uku kuenzanisa mabasa, kwete kuronga zvinhu kubva pane chakanakisisa. Chigadzirwa hachigoni kutsiva chinovaka muviri nokungoti zvese zvinotsanangurwa nemashoko akadai se“simba” kana “utano hweuropi.” Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuti chii uye chinoshandiswa sei, ona kuti methylene blue chii.
Zvinonyatsoitwa nefolate neB12 pamwe chete
Maitiro emuviri ekugadzirisa zvikamu zvine kabhoni imwe chete anotamisa zvikamu izvi kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari kwakabatana. Chikamu chekabhoni chinenge chakabatana nemorekuru rinochitakura; hachitendereri chakazvimirira se“chinowedzera methylation.”
Enzayimu yeMTHFR inoshandura 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate kuita 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Mashoko anoita seakafanana pano anoreva mhando mbiri dzefolate. Hapana imwe yadzo iri methylene blue.
Mukuchinja kwemakemikari kunoitwa nemethionine synthase, boka remethyl rinobva ku5-MTHF rinopfuura nemuB12 inobatsira enzayimu richienda kuhomocysteine, zvichigadzira methionine. Saka folate neB12 zvine mabasa akabatana asi akasiyana: chimwe chinopa boka racho, chimwe chichitora chikamu mukuritamisa. Methionine inogona kuzoshandiswa kugadzira S-adenosylmethionine, kana kuti SAM, inopa mapoka emethyl mune kumwe kuchinja kwemakemikari kwakawanda.
Kutevedzana uku kunotsanangurawo nei “mapoka emethyl akawanda” isiri tsananguro yakakwana yekurapa. Nzira yekuchinja kwemakemikari mumuviri inosanganisira zvinhu zvinogadziriswa, maenzayimu, zvinhu zvinobatsira maenzayimu uye kudzora maitiro acho. Kuratidza panotora chikamu chinovaka muviri hakuratidzi kuti chinoshomeka, kuti ndicho chinokonzera chiratidzo, kana kuti kuwedzera chimwe kunobatsira.
B12 ine imwe mhando inoshanda, adenosylcobalamin, inobatsira pakuchinja kwemakemikari kunoitwa neimwe enzayimu kunosanganisira methylmalonyl-CoA. Kudaidza methylcobalamin kuti “B12 inoshanda” hazvirevi kuti ndiyo chete mhando yeB12 inobatsira. Kuenzanisa kweNIH mhando dzeB12 dziri muzvokuwedzera hakuratidzi mhando inowanzova nani kumunhu wese.
Nei methylene blue isingatsivi zvinhu zvine basa mumethylation
Ruzivo rwekurayira kushandiswa kwePROVAYBLUE runopa muenzaniso wakajeka wekushanda kweredox kwemethylene blue. Pakurapa methemoglobinemia inowanikwa mushure mekuzvarwa, methylene blue inogamuchira maerekitironi yoshanduka kuva leucomethylene blue kuburikidza nemaitiro anotsamira paNADPH. Mhando iyi inenge yagamuchira maerekitironi inobatsira kushandura iron yehemoglobin kubva pachimiro cheferric kuenda kune cheferrous. Uku kuchinja kwemakemikari kunotamisa maerekitironi, kwete kuendesa boka remethyl kuhomocysteine.
Chimiro chemethylene blue chine mapoka emethyl. Kuvapo kwawo hakuiti kuti mapoka iwayo ashandiswe munzira yefolate/B12. Kutaura kuti chinhu ichi “chinopa methyl” kunoda humbowo hwekuchinja kwemakemikari kunotamisa boka racho chaiko; kungonongedza zita racho kana chimiro chacho hakuna kukwana.
Saizvozvowo, mhedzisiro yeMTHFR hairatidzi kuti methylene blue inodarika kuchinja kwemakemikari kusiri kushanda zvakanaka kana kuti inovandudza mugumisiro weutano une chekuita nazvo. Gwaro remushonga rinoratidza kushandiswa kwawo pakurapa methemoglobinemia inowanikwa mushure mekuzvarwa, kwete kurapa mhando dzeMTHFR dzinowanzowanikwa. Humbowo hwakakura hwekubatsira kwemethylene blue muvanhu hunoda kuongororwa kwakasiyana pamugumisiro wega wega.
Zvaunoudzwa nemhedzisiro yeMTHFR nezvaisingakuudzi
MTHFR ijini, uye chigadzirwa charo ienzayimu. Mhando dzinowanzowanikwa dzakadai seC677T dzakasiyana nemhando dzisingawanzoitiki dzinokonzera chirwere chakakomba chinogarwa nhaka. Mushumo wemajini unopiwa kumutengi haufaniri kusanganisa mapoka aya wozoti “methylation yemunhu yakanganisika.”
Tsananguro yeCDC yemhando dzeMTHFR dzinowanzowanikwa inoti vanhu vane mhando idzi vanogona kugadzirisa folic acid mumuviri. Kuva nemhando inowanzowanikwa chete hachisi chikonzero chekuidzivisa. Pfupiso yeCDC yezvekurapwa haikurudziriwo kuchinja huwandu hwefolate hunotorwa zvichibva chete pamhando yemajini eMTHFR.
Mhando yemajini haisi chiyero chechinovaka muviri. Homocysteine haisiwo “chiyero chakakwana chemethylation”: folate shoma, B12 shoma uye kushanda kweitsvo zvinogona kuikanganisa. Kuongorora kunofanira kubatanidza mhedzisiro yakati nemamiriro ezvinovaka muviri zvemunhu, zviratidzo uye zvimwe zvinenge zvawanikwa. Humbowo ihwohwo hahugoni kutsiviwa nekufananidza zita rejini nezita rechigadzirwa.
Tsananguro dzemashoko anowanzovhiringidzwa
| Shoko | Zvarinoreva | Kuvhiringidzika kunowanzovapo kunofanira kudziviswa |
|---|---|---|
| Boka remethyl | Kabhoni yakabatana nemaatomu matatu ehydrogen, inonyorwa kuti CH₃, yakabatana mukati memorekuru | Kuvapo kwaro hakungoiti kuti kemikari ive chinhu chinopa boka iri mumuviri |
| Chinopa methyl | Morekuru rinopa boka remethyl mukuchinja kwemakemikari kwakati | Basa iri rinofanira kutsanangurwa zvichitariswa kuchinja kwemakemikari kwarinoitika |
| Methylation | Kuwedzerwa kweboka remethyl pamorekuru | Haisi basa rimwe chete mumuviri wese rine mwero mumwe chete “wakanakisisa” kune wese |
| Folate | Mhuri yevhitamini B9 | Folic acid ne5-MTHF imhando dzakasiyana |
| MTHFR | Zita rejini uye chidimbu chemethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | Hairevi methylene blue |
| Chinobatsira enzayimu | Chinhu chisiri puroteni chinodiwa kuti enzayimu ishande | B12 inobatsira enzayimu; haisi methionine synthase pachayo |
| Redox | Oxidation nereduction zvakabatana, zvinosanganisira maerekitironi | Kutamisa maerekitironi nekutamisa boka remethyl maitiro akasiyana |
| Methyl blue | Dhayi ine zita rayo rakasiyana | Ona kuenzanisa madhayi ebhuruu ane mazita akafanana usati watsiva zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukuchinja kwemakemikari murabhoritari |
Nei musiyano uyu uchichinja sarudzo yeutano
Folate neB12 hazvitsivani kunyange kana zvakafanana zvikaonekwa muropa pakushomeka kwezvose zviri zviviri. NIH inotsanangura kuti kutora folate yakawanda kunogona kuderedza kushomeka kweropa kunokonzerwa nekushomeka kweB12 pasina kurapa kukuvara kwetsinga kunokonzerwa nako. Saka kurapa zita rakadai se“dambudziko remethylation” kunogona kupotsa dambudziko riripo chaizvo.
Methylene blue inounza zvimwe zvinofanira kungwarirwa zvakasiyana. Gwaro rayo remushonga rinoyambira zvakakomba nezvekudyidzana kunogona kukonzera serotonin syndrome, uye rinoti haifaniri kushandiswa kana paine kushomeka kweG6PD nekuda kwengozi yekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Kuishandisa pamwe chete nemavhitamini hakubvisi zvinhu izvozvo. Zvinotaurwa nezvezvainoitira makemikari anotakura mashoko pakati petsinga kana kuibatanidza nenzira dzine chekuita neNAD+ zvinoda humbowo hwazvo hwemashandiro uye hwekuongororwa muvanhu.
Paunenge uchiongorora zvinotaurwa, tsvaga kemikari chaiyo, kuchinja kwemakemikari kuri kutaurwa, dambudziko riri kugadziriswa uye mugumisiro wakayerwa muvanhu. Kana tsananguro ichibva pazita rakafanana yakananga pakukurudzira kurapwa, humbowo hunodiwa hunenge husipo.