Methylene blue neherpes: maronda pamuromo, EBV, nekuita kuti vhairasi isashande nechiedza

Shoko rimwe chete rinomirira pfungwa mbiri mugakava iri, uye dzinofanira kupiwa mazita akasiyana. Pfungwa yekutanga ndeyekuita kuti zvimedu zvevhairasi zvisashande: dhayi, okisijeni, nechiedza zvinosangana nechimedu chevhairasi mumvura zvokuchikuvadza kuti chisakwanise kuwanda. Pfungwa yechipiri ndeyekurapa kutapukirwa mumunhu: kuderera kwemaronda eherpes pamuromo, kukurumidza kupora, kuderera kwekubuda kwevhairasi mumuviri, kana kuderera kwehuwandu hweEpstein-Barr. Yekutanga yakaratidzwa kakawanda pavhairasi herpes simplex murabhoritari. Yechipiri haina kuratidzwa pamethylene blue inonwiwa pakurwisa herpes simplex kana vhairasi yeEpstein-Barr. Kana musiyano iwoyo wava pachena, zvinyorwa zvetsvakurudzo zvinova nyore kuronga.

Pane kumwe kuvhiringidzika kunofambirana neizvi. HSV neEBV zviri mumhuri imwe chete huru yemavhairasi asi zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana mumatishu akasiyana. Ronda reherpes pamuromo riri pamusoro peganda, uye vhairasi inowanda ipapo nenzira inoparadza masero: dhayi inogona kuzorwa pariri uye chiedza chonangiswa panzvimbo iyoyo. EBV inoramba yakavanda isingashandi mumatura ari mumasero eB akapararira muropa nematishu elymphoid, uko dhayi inozorwa kana rambi dzvuku zvisingagoni kusvika kudura rose. Zvakawanikwa mune mamwe mamiriro hazvishandi zvoga mune mamwe. Vaverengi vanoda nzira yakajairika inoshandiswa pakupatsanura uchapupu uhwu vanoiona mugwara rekuverenga tsvakurudzo yemethylene blue.

Kuita kuti vhairasi isashande nechiedza murabhoritari: HSV iri kunze kwemasero, chiedza chinodiwa

Muedzo wekare kupfuura mimwe wakaedza izvi zvakananga wakashandisa mavhairasi akanga achangoparadzaniswa kubva kuvarwere, kwete rudzi rumwe chete rwemurabhoritari. Muongororo ya1975 yekuita kuti herpesvirus hominis isashande nenzira yephotodynamic, masampuli 37 akatorwa mumaronda epanhengo dzakavandika nepamuromo akasanganiswa nemethylene blue pa10 micromolar, akachengetwa murima kweawa imwe, ndokukamurwa kuita zvikamu zverima nezvechiedza, zvakaratidzwa kwemaminitsi mashanu kumachubhu maviri efluorescent e15 watt ari pa15 cm. Pamasampuli 37, 27 akarasikirwa nekukwanisa kutapurira kwaigona kuonekwa chete muchiedza, uye 4 akaderera zvakapfuura ka100. Masampuli ekuenzanisa akachengetwa murima akaramba achikwanisa kutapurira: pasina chiedza, uwandu uhwu hwedhayi hahuna kubvisa vhairasi yose yaigona kutapurira musampuli.

Ongororo yakazotevera yakaratidza kuti dhayi yoga pamwe nechiedza zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro diki mune mamwe mamiriro. Mumiedzo ya1979 yemethylene blue, chiedza, nemagetsi paHSV-1 neHSV-2, dhayi ye10 micromolar pamwe nechiedza chegirobhu chine filament kwemasekonzi 180 zvakaderedza HSV-1 yaikwanisa kutapurira neinenge 60 percent, ingangoita 0.4 log. Kuwedzera chete kuyerera kudiki kwemagetsi akananga ndiko kwakaita kuti nzira imwe chete iyoyo ipfuure kurasikirwa kwe99.99 percent. Chiedza choga, magetsi oga, uye chiedza pamwe nemagetsi pasina dhayi zvakaita zvishoma. Mhedzisiro huru yaida mudziyo wemagetsi, saka chinyorwa ichi hachifaniri kutaurwa seuchapupu hwekuti dhayi yakajairika pamwe nerambi zvinogara zvichiita kuderedzwa kwefour log.

Tsvakurudzo yenzira yazvinoita yakazobvunza kuti zvimedu zvevhairasi zvakanga zvashandiswa izvi zvaikwanisa kuramba zvichiitei. Ongororo ya1980 yeJournal of Clinical Investigation yenzira dzephotodynamic paHSV yakawana kutsemuka kwetambo imwe yeDNA yevhairasi, pasina kutsemuka kwetambo mbiri kwaive kwakanyanya: zvimedu zvevhairasi zvakanga zvashandiswa izvi zvakaramba zvichinamatira pamasero nekupinda maari, asi kukura kwazvo kusvika pakukwana kwakamira. Ongororo ya1997 yekutenderera kwekutapukirwa mushure memethylene blue nechiedza yakasimbisa izvi ichishandisa dhayi ye1 micromolar nechiedza chitsvuku: pakanga pasina kuparadzwa kukuru kwegoko rekunze, kupinda nekubudiswa kweDNA zvakaramba zviripo, asi kuwanda kwakamiswa zvachose nekuparara kweDNA kwaienderana nekuvhenekerwa. Kuenzanisa kwa1995 kwesinglet oxygen kwakaratidza basa resinglet oxygen, zvichida pamwe nekumwe kuita kwemakemikari eradical. Tsananguro dzekuti methylene blue inotora sei chiedza ichigadzira okisijeni inopinda mukuita kwemakemikari dzinotsanangura kuti nei dhayi, okisijeni, nemaphoton zvichifanira kusangana panzvimbo iri kunangwa.

Kuratidzwa kwakajeka zvikuru nenhamba kunobva mutsvakurudzo yezvinogadzirwa neropa, iyo inopawo yambiro yakajeka zvikuru yekusawedzeredza zvinorehwa nezvakawanikwa. Muongororo ya2013 yekuderedza utachiona muplasma nemaLED matsvuku e627 nm, HSV yakaiswa muplasma yakaderera neinenge 5.2 log pa1 micromolar uye 6.0 log pa10 micromolar mushure memaminitsi 60. Uku kubvisa utachiona mumvura iri kuvhenekerwa, kwete kurapa vhairasi yakavanda isingashandi mumasero etsinga, uye hakuratidzi zvinoitwa nemushonga wemvura unomedzwa mukati memuviri mune rima.

Kurapa maronda panzvimbo yawo: zvidzidzo zvidiki, zvekare, uye zvine migumisiro yakasiyana

Mishumo yekurapa panzvimbo yeronda inozora dhayi paronda yobva yarivhenekera, izvo zvinochengeta kanenge marongerwo akashandiswa murabhoritari. Wekutanga mushumo wenyaya yemurwere ane eczema herpeticum, kutapukirwa kwakapararira kweHSV pamusoro peeczema. Mushumo wa1975 weeczema herpeticum nemethylene blue nechiedza wakatsanangura kuvandudzika nokukurumidza mushure mekuisa dhayi panzvimbo yacho pamwe nechiedza, dhayi ye10 micromolar ichiuraya vhairasi muchiedza asi kwete murima. Tsananguro yakawedzerwa yakataura kuti mushonga wemvura we0.1 percent wakaiswa pahafu yenzvimbo kuitira kuenzanisa mumurwere mumwe chete. Seuchapupu hwemaronda eherpes pamuromo, iyi ingori ongororo yemurwere mumwe yenguva iyoyo, ine kuyera kusina kujeka kwehuwandu hwechiedza chakashandiswa.

Boka guru rezviitiko zvekare rakanga riri remaronda epanhengo dzakavandika. Muboka ra1975 revarwere 56 vaiva neherpes yepanhengo dzakavandika, 36 vakapiwa methylene blue, asi 35 vokutanga chete ndivo vakagoverwa zvisina kurongwa kumapoka emadhayi matatu, saka boka racho rakanga risiri muedzo wakarongwa zvakanaka. Vangangosvika 70 percent vevanhu vakarapwa vaiva nezviitiko zvinodzokorora vakanzi vakavandudzika mukati memaawa angangoita 48, asi kuwanda kwekudzoka kwechirwere hakuna kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kuvhenekerwa kumba nechiedza chefluorescent kana chezuva kwakanga kusingadzorwi. Kuvandudzika kwechiitiko chiripo pasina kuderera kwezviitiko zvinodzoka kunoenderana nenzira inoshandiswa panzvimbo imwe chete inokanganisa ronda riripo asi kwete dura revhairasi yakavanda isingashandi. Yambiro imwe chete iyi inofanirawo kufambidzana nenzira dzakarongwa dzekurapa kwephotodynamic dzinoshandisa methylene blue.

Miedzo yemazuva ano yemaronda eherpes pamuromo midiki uye migumisiro yayo haiwirirani. Boka ra2009 revarwere vana vane herpes labialis rakashandisa dhayi ye0.01 percent pamwe nelaser ye660 nm pa120 J per square cm uye rakataura kupora nokukurumidza, asi pakanga pasina boka rekuenzanisa uye photobiomodulation yakazoitwa, sezvakatsanangurwa mumushumo wa2009 wezviitiko zveherpes labialis zvakarapwa nephotodynamic. Muedzo wakagovera varwere 75 zvisina kurongwa kuphotodynamic, acyclovir inozorwa, kana zvose zviri zviviri hauna kuwana musiyano panguva yekupora kana pakurwadziwa, maererano nemuedzo wa2021 wekurapa kwephotodynamic neacyclovir. Muedzo wevarwere 24 vakagoverwa zvisina kurongwa, uchishandisa HSV-1 qPCR, hauna kuwana musiyano pakupera kwemaronda kana kudzoka kwawo mukati megore rimwe, sezvakatsanangurwa mumuedzo wa2025 wekurapa kweantimicrobial photodynamic kweherpes simplex. Muedzo wa2025 wevarwere 60 wakashandisa nzira dzakasanganiswa, photodynamic nedhayi pamwe nephotobiomodulation pamwe nekubudisa mvura mumapundu, wakataura kuderera kwekurwadziwa nokukurumidza kusingagoni kunzi kwakakonzerwa nedhayi, maererano nemushumo wa2025 wephotodynamic nephotobiomodulation zvakabatanidzwa.

Mishumo yezvinokuvadza pano ishoma. Zvinyorwa zva1975 hazvina kuongorora zvinokuvadza nenzira dzemazuva ano. Zvidzidzo zvidiki zvakazotevera zvakataura zvinokuvadza zvishoma kana kuti hapana zvakaitika nokukurumidza, asi dhayi inosiya ruvara rwebhuruu uye kushatirwa kweganda panzvimbo yacho nekuda kwephototoxicity kuchiri kuitika. Kusiyiwa kweruvara pamwe nerambi kwakasiyana nekumedza dhayi, ndosaka zvinyorwa zvekuchengeteka kwemethylene blue zvichitarisa nzira dzokuishandisa dzakaparadzana.

EBV: hapana uchapupu hwakananga hwemethylene blue

PaEBV, kutsvaga kunoratidza kusavapo kweuchapupu. Hapana muyedzo wakaongororwa nedzimwe nyanzvi kana muedzo une boka rekuenzanisa wakawanikwa paongororo iyi unoratidza kuti methylene blue, iine chiedza kana isina, inoderedza kukwanisa kweEBV kutapurira, inodzivisa kutangazve kushanda kwayo, kana kuderedza huwandu hwevhairasi muvanhu. Tsvakurudzo yemasero ekenza yenasopharynx ane EBV inoshandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzwa chiedza uye inoyera kuramba ari mapenyu kwemasero ebundu, kwete kubviswa kwevhairasi nemethylene blue. Ongororo dzinonyora EBV pakati pemavhairasi anoda miedzo mune ramangwana, kwete pakati pezvinhu zvakatosimbiswa kuti mushonga uyu unoshandiswa pazviri.

Maitiro ezvipenyu anotsanangura kuti nei zvakawanikwa paHSV muchubhu zvisingagoni kushandiswa paEBV. Kurapa ronda reherpes pamuromo kunoisa zvinhu zvose zvitatu zvinodiwa, dhayi, okisijeni, nemaphoton, panzvimbo imwe chete iri pamusoro uye inosvikika. EBV yakavanda isingashandi inonyanya kugara mumasero eB akapararira muropa nematishu elymphoid. Chiedza chitsvuku chinonangiswa pamusoro peganda hachigoni kuvhenekera dura iroro rakapararira, uye dhayi inomedzwa haipi chiedza chakanangiswa kunzvimbo idzodzo. Kuuraya sero rebundu rine EBV nechimwe chinhu chinonzwa chiedza kuuraya sero, kwete uchapupu hwekuita kunorwisa vhairasi. Kusiyana ikoko kunokosha pakuverenga kuti huwandu hwevhairasi nezviratidzo zvekutangazve kushanda zvinoyerwa sei chaizvo.

Kurapa nemushonga unonwiwa nekufunga kusina hwaro pamusoro penguva isina kudzoka kwemaronda

Hapana muedzo une boka rekuenzanisa wakaitwa muvanhu wakawanikwa paongororo iyi unoratidza kuti methylene blue inoshanda mumuviri wose kana inonwiwa inoderedza kudzoka kwemaronda eherpes pamuromo, inopfupisa nguva yekupora, inoderedza kubuda kwevhairasi mumuviri, kana kuchinja chero mugumisiro unoyerwa paEBV, wakadai semakopi eDNA muropa kana mumate kana zviratidzo zvakatsanangurwa zvekuwanda kunoparadza masero. Zvinyorwa zveherpes muvanhu zvinoshandisa dhayi inozorwa pamwe nechiedza chenzvimbo iyoyo. Kupa mushonga unoshanda mumuviri wose pasina chiedza chakanangiswa inzira yakasiyana uye inoda muedzo wayo pachayo: kugovera vanhu zvisina kurongwa, kusazivisa kuti ndiani ari kupiwa mushonga upi, uye kuva neboka rinopiwa placebo, paine vanhu vakasimbiswa kuti vane zviitiko zvinodzoka, nguva yokutanga yekuyera kuwanda kwazvo kusati kwatanga kurapa, kuongorora kushandiswa kwemushonga kwakarongwa kare, kuteverwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri, kutora masampuli neswab kakawanda uchishandisa qPCR, kunyora zvinhu zvinomutsa zviitiko, uye kuongorora kuchengeteka. Misimboti yakajairika yekupa methylene blue inonwiwa nekutorwa kwayo nemuviri haigoni kutsiva migumisiro iyoyo inofanira kuyerwa.

Apa ndipo panokundikana nyaya inowanzotaurwa. Munhu anotanga nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa panguva imwe chete, anoti haana maronda eherpes pamuromo kwemwedzi yakawanda, obva ati chimwe chete chezvaakashandisa ndicho chakazvikonzera. Zviitiko zveHSV zvinogona kuwanda munguva imwe chete zvobva zvanyangarika kwemwedzi yakawanda, pasina kubviswa kwevhairasi mumasumbu emasero etsinga anonzwa. Zvinhu zvinomutsa zviitiko zvinochinja, zvinotarisirwa nemunhu zvinokanganisa zvaanotaura, uye mukana wega unogona kuita kuti pave nenguva dzisina zviitiko. Kana paine shanduko dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, hapana kuenzanisa nezvaizoitika pasina imwe shanduko kunoratidza kuti nguva iyoyo yakakonzerwa nechikamu chimwe chete. Boka ra1975 reherpes yepanhengo dzakavandika rakaratidza maitiro akapesana: kuvandudzika kwechiitiko chiripo pamwe nekusavandudzika kwekuwanda kwekudzoka kwacho. Kuporesa chiitiko ichi hakusi pfungwa imwe chete nekudzivirira chinotevera.

Tafura yeuchapupu maererano nevhairasi nemamiriro ekuiedza

Vhairasi nemamiriro ekuiedza	Zvakashandiswa	Mugumisiro mukuru	Zvaisingagoni kuratidza
Masampuli eHSV akaparadzaniswa, pasina masero, 1975, n=37	Dhayi ye10 micromolar, rambi refluorescent 5 min	27 akaitwa kuti asashande zvachose muchiedza, 4 akaderera zvakapfuura ka100, masampuli ekuenzanisa emurima haana kuchinja	Kupora kwemurwere, kubviswa kwevhairasi yakavanda isingashandi, huwandu hwemushonga hwekupa vanhu
Zvimedu zvevhairasi HSV-1 neHSV-2, 1979	Dhayi ye10 micromolar, chiedza chegirobhu chine filament 180 s, nemagetsi uye pasina magetsi	Dhayi pamwe nechiedza chete zvakaderedza neinenge 60 percent; zvakapfuura 99.99 percent chete pakawedzerwa magetsi	Kuti dhayi yakajairika pamwe nerambi zvinopa kuuraya kwakanyanya kwakaonekwa
Maitiro ekukanganiswa kwegenome yeHSV, 1980 na1997	Dhayi iri pama micromolar mashoma pamwe nechiedza	Kupinda musero kwakaramba kuripo, kukuvadzwa kwetambo imwe yeDNA, kuwanda kwakavharwa, kuparara kuchienderana nenguva yekuvhenekerwa	Kuuraya zvakananga masero atotapukirwa
HSV muplasma yevanhu, 2013	Dhayi ye1 ne10 micromolar, maLED e627 nm, 60 min	Kuderera kweinenge 5.2 ne6.0 log	Kurapa nemushonga unonwiwa kana kukanganisa vhairasi yakavanda isingashandi mumasero etsinga
Eczema herpeticum, 1975, mushumo wemurwere mumwe	Kuzora 0.1 percent pahafu yenzvimbo pamwe nechiedza	Kuvandudzika nokukurumidza kwezviratidzo zvemurwere nezviyero zvevhairasi kwakataurwa	Kubudirira kwakajairika pakurapa maronda eherpes pamuromo; huwandu hwechiedza hahugoni kudzorerwa kubva mumashoko aripo
Herpes yepanhengo dzakavandika, 1975, varwere 56	Kuzora 0.1 percent, chiedza chefluorescent kana chezuva kumba	Kuvandudzika kwechiitiko chiripo kune vangangosvika 70 percent; kudzoka kwezviitiko hakuna kuderedzwa zvakanyanya	Kudzivirira kudzoka kwezviitiko
Herpes labialis, 2009, n=4	0.01 percent, 660 nm, 120 J per square cm, zvichiteverwa nephotobiomodulation	Kupora nokukurumidza kwakataurwa	Mugumisiro wakakonzerwa nedhayi; kudzoka kwezviitiko hakuna kutsanangurwa
Labialis inodzoka, 2021, n=75	Photodynamic ye0.005 percent ichienzaniswa neacyclovir kana zvose zviri zviviri	Hapana musiyano panguva yekupora kana pakurwadziwa	Kuuraya zvimedu zvevhairasi sechinhu chinorwisa vhairasi
Herpes simplex yemumuromo, 2025, n=24	Antimicrobial photodynamic ichienzaniswa neacyclovir, ne qPCR	Hapana musiyano pakupera kwemaronda kana kudzoka kwawo mukati megore rimwe	Kubatsira mumuviri wose kana paEBV
Labialis inodzoka, 2025, n=60	Photodynamic, photobiomodulation, nekubudisa mvura zvakabatanidzwa	Kuderera kwekurwadziwa nokukurumidza muboka rakapiwa nzira dzakabatanidzwa	Mugumisiro wemethylene blue yoga
EBV, chero mamiriro ari muvanhu	Chero nzira yekushandisa methylene blue	Hapana ongororo yakananga yakawanikwa; hapana mugumisiro pahuwandu hwevhairasi kana kutangazve kushanda wakaratidzwa	Kushandisa kuitwa kweHSV kuti isashande nechiedza seuchapupu hweEBV
Kushandiswa mumuviri wose kana kunwiwa paHSV kana EBV	Dhayi inonwiwa kana inoshanda mumuviri wose pasina chiedza chakanangiswa	Hapana muedzo wekurwisa vhairasi une boka rekuenzanisa wakawanikwa	Kubatsira kwezviratidzo zvemurwere kana kwezviyero zvevhairasi

Mashandisirwo euchapupu uhwu

Bvunza mibvunzo mina pamusoro pechinyorwa chega chega chakatorwa. Chiedza here kana rima, nokuti kuuraya nephotodynamic hakuratidzi kuuraya mumuviri wose. Zvimedu zvevhairasi zviri zvoga, ronda riripo, kana dura revhairasi yakavanda isingashandi, nokuti chinangwa chinoenderana nezviri kutaurwa chete ndicho chinogona kuzvipindura. Kukwanisa kutapurira, kupora, kudzoka kwezviitiko, kana huwandu hwevhairasi, nokuti nhamba yekukwanisa kutapurira haigoni kupindura mubvunzo wekudzoka kwezviitiko. HSV here kana EBV, nokuti ronda rinosvikika nedura rakapararira mumasero eB matambudziko akasiyana. Zvinyorwa zvinotsigira chirevo chimwe chete chine muganhu: methylene blue inogona kuita kuti HSV isashande zvakanyanya nechiedza kana vhairasi iri kunze kwemasero ikasangana nedhayi, okisijeni, nechiedza chakakodzera. Uchapupu hwekurapa maronda anodzoka zvine kukosha kuvarwere hushoma uye hune migumisiro yakasiyana, uchapupu hwekudzivirira nemushonga unonwiwa hahupo, uye uchapupu hwakananga hwemugumisiro unorwisa EBV hahupo. Nguva isina maronda eherpes pamuromo panguva yekushandisa nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa haichinji chimwe chezvinhu izvi.