Chinyorwa
Kurapa kwephotodynamic nemethylene blue: maongororerwo anoitwa kurapa uku
Kurapa kwephotodynamic nemethylene blue kunoita sokunge kune matanho maviri chete. Isa dhayi yebhuruu, wozovhenekera nechiedza chitsvuku. Kufunga uku hakuna kururama, uye ndiko kunokonzera kusanzwisisa kwakawanda pamusoro pekurapa uku. Maitiro anoongororwa ane zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanira kusangana panzvimbo imwe chete nenguva imwe chete: chinhu chinomutswa nechiedza chiri muchimiro chinotora chiedza, mafotoni ane kureba kwemafungu kwakakodzera uye chipimo chakayerwa, neokisijeni yemamorekuru inogamuchira simba rinenge ratamiswa. Kana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chikabviswa, panenge pasisina mashandiro anogona kukonzera mugumisiro unonzi unoitika.
Chinyorwa ichi chinotsanangura matsananguriro anoita vatsvakurudzi kushanda pamwe kwezvinhu zvitatu izvi, zvinhu zvavanodzora, uye nei nhamba dzakaburitswa dzekureba kwemafungu nesimba dzisingagoni kushandurwa kuva maitiro ekushandisa kumba. Zvinobuda muzvidzidzo zvekenza zviri mune imwe ongororo yemethylene blue netsvakurudzo yekenza, uye mashandisirwo pamazino akaunganidzwa mutsvakurudzo yephotodynamic yemukanwa nemazino. Hapana pazviviri izvi panodzokororwa pano.
Dhayi chinhu chinomutswa nechiedza, kwete chinongopenda
Methylene blue inotora chiedza chitsvuku zvakanyanya, uye kutora chiedza kwakanyanya kwemamorekuru ari ega, anonzi mamonomer, kunoitika pedyo ne664 kusvika 666 nm. Kukwanisa kwayo kutora chiedza pachiyero chemamole kwakakwirira zvikuru. Chikamu ichi chekureba kwemafungu ndicho chikonzero zvidzidzo zvekurapa kwephotodynamic nemethylene blue zvichishandisa zvitubu zvechiedza chitsvuku, kazhinji zviri pakati peinenge 630 kusvika 680 nm. Rambi rine mafungu ari kunze kwechikamu ichocho rinogona kuoneka richipenya asi richipa simba shoma zvikuru rinogona kumutsa dhayi. Mitemo yekureba kwemafungu inoita kuti chiedza ichi chisarudzwe inotsanangurwa muchitoro chinotsanangura kutora kunoita methylene blue chiedza chitsvuku.
Kutora chiedza ingori nhanho yekutanga. Dhayi yamutswa nesimba inopinda muchimiro chetriplet chinogara kwenguva yakareba, uye kubva ipapo pane nzira mbiri dzemakemikari anofambiswa nechiedza. Mumashandiro eRudzi I, dhayi yamutswa inochinjana maerekitironi kana maatomu ehydrogen nezvinhu zviri pedyo nayo, yobudisa maradical, kusanganisira mashandiro esuperoxide anotevera. Mumashandiro eRudzi II, dhayi iri muchimiro chetriplet inotamisa simba zvakananga kuokisijeni iri muchimiro chayo chesimba rakaderera, yobudisa singlet oxygen. Kana paine okisijeni, methylene blue inonyanya kushanda sechinhu chinobudisa singlet oxygen; goho rayo rekuwanda kwezviitiko zvemakemikari pafotoni rakanzi rinenge 0.5 mumvura, asi mugove wemashandiro eRudzi I unokwira kana kuderera zvichienderana nenharaunda yairi. Ongororo ya1993 yemakemikari emethylene blue anofambiswa nechiedza achidyidzana nezvinhu zvipenyu inotsanangura nzira dzose dziri mbiri uye inoratidza kuti nei kuenzana kwemigove yadzo kusingazivikanwi nokungoverenga chinyorwa chiri padhayi.
Ongororo imwe cheteyo inodoma chinhu chikuru chinonangwa munucleic acid. Pakati pemabhesi eDNA, guanine ndiyo iri nyore kuita oxidation, saka singlet oxygen inonyanya kuiita oxidation, ichigadzira zvinhu zvakadai se8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. Dhayi haifaniri kupinda pakati pemabhesi eDNA kuti kukuvara uku kuitike. Asi ongororo iyi inoyambirawo kuti DNA haisiyo nyaya yose. Methylene blue inoita oxidation pamapuroteni, malipid, nemamembrane, uye chinhu chinonangwa chinokonzera kufa muchiedzo chipi nechipi chinoenderana nenzvimbo inoungana dhayi. Saka uwandu hwedhayi mumvura yakanyikwa zvinhu zviri kuongororwa hahusi chiyero chakavimbika chechipimo chinosvika pachinhu chinonangwa. Vaverengi vanoenzanisa mashandiro emakemikari aya anofambiswa nechiedza nemashandiro eredox edhayi murima vanofanira kusiyanisa zviviri izvi, sezvinotsanangurwa munyaya yemashandiro anoita methylene blue mumasero.
Chinhu chekutangira pakugadzira mushonga, kwete mushonga wakatokwenenzverwa
Tsime rechipiri rinokosha ndiro ongororo ya2005 yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvephenothiazinium zvinomutswa nechiedza, iyo inoona methylene blue sechimiro chemorekuru chekutangira chine zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa, kwete sechinhu chinomutswa nechiedza chakatopedzwa kukwenenzverwa. Shanduko diki muchimiro dzinoshandura kukwanisa kusangana nemafuta, kutorwa nemasero, nzvimbo yainoungana mukati memasero, uwandu hwesinglet oxygen inobudiswa, kukuvadza kwayo pasina chiedza, uye kuramba kwayo reduction. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera mapoka emethyl pachikamu chinotora chiedza kunowedzera kukwanisa kusangana nemafuta nekugadzirwa kwesinglet oxygen, uye kunononotsa reduction inoishandura kuva chimiro cheleuco chisingashandi. Muchidzidzo chakatsigira ongororo iyi, zvinhu zvakafanana nemethylene blue zvakawedzerwa mapoka emethyl zvakaratidza kukuvadza kukuru kwaikonzerwa nechiedza pachipimo cheinenge 7.2 J per square cm. Zvisinei, kukwanisa kusangana nemafuta zvakanyanya hakurevi kuti chinhu chinenge chava nani, nokuti kunyanya kusada mvura kunoderedza kunyungudika, kunokurudzira kuungana kwemamorekuru pamwe chete, uye kunogona kukanganisa kurongeka kunodiwa nemashandiro emakemikari anofambiswa nechiedza.
Nyaya yeleuco inofanira kusimbiswa nokuti haioneki. Methylene blue iri muchimiro chine oxidation ndeyebhuruu uye inotora chiedza chitsvuku. Leuco-methylene blue yakaitwa reduction inenge isina ruvara uye haitori chiedza zvakanaka muchikamu chimwe chetecho chemarefu emafungu. Saka dhayi inenge yaitwa reduction mukati memasero kana munyama ine okisijeni shoma inenge yabviswa kwechinguva pahuwandu hunogona kushandiswa nechiedza, kusvikira yaitwa oxidation zvakare. Naizvozvo mamiriro eredox enyama anoshandura uwandu hunonyatsoshanda hwechinhu chinomutswa nechiedza, kunyange uwandu hwakaiswa husina kuchinja. Nhoroondo yekuumbwa kwemishonga iyi, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwekutanga kwemhuri yedhayi iyi mukurapa nemumarabhoritari, inotsanangurwa munhoroondo yemethylene blue mukurapa.
Tafura yezvidzidzo: zvinosiyana uye zvazvinoreva
Tafura iri pazasi yakagadzirwa sechinhu chekutanga chekuenzanisa muchinyorwa ichi. Mutsara mumwe nomumwe unoratidza chinhu chimwe pakurapa chinofanira kutaurwa muzvidzidzo. Verenga uchiyambuka mutsara kuti uone kuti nei kushandura chinhu chimwe kuchishandura zvinorehwa nezvimwe zvose.
| Chinhu chinoshanduka | Zvinotaurwa nezvidzidzo | Nei zvichishandura mugumisiro |
|---|---|---|
| Muumbirwo wechinhu chinomutswa nechiedza | Dhayi isina kusungirirwa mune chimwe chinhu iri mumvura, mumvura ine munyu, kana mumushonga unodzikamisa pH; ethanol neCremophor zvinotakura dhayi muzvidzidzo zvemhuka; maliposome, zvidimbu zvepolymer, kana zvinotakura zvecyclodextrin muzviedzo | Zvinonyungudutsira kana kutakura dhayi zvinoshandura kutorwa kwayo, nzvimbo yainoungana, nekupinda kwayo nepakati pezvipingamupinyi zvakadai sematrix yebiofilm kana nyama yebundu |
| Uwandu hwedhayi mumushonga unoiswa | Zvidzidzo zvevanhu zvekurwisa utachiona zvinotaura inenge 0.0003 kusvika 0.06 M, nenguva ye1 kusvika 5 maminitsi pakati pekuisa mushonga nekupa chiedza; basa remamota mumhuka rinosanganisira mienzaniso iri pedyo ne500 micrograms per mL inoiswa mukati mebundu | Uwandu hwakakura mumushonga wose hunogona kuwedzera kubatana kwemamorekuru ari maviri kunoenderana neinenge 590 nm uye kuderedza mashandiro anobudirira emamonomer anofambiswa nechiedza, saka kupeta uwandu kaviri hakurevi kupeta mugumisiro kaviri |
| Nguva pakati pekuisa mushonga nekupa chiedza | Maminitsi mumaitiro ekurwisa utachiona nekuisa mushonga pamusoro; yakareba uye inoenderana nechinotakura dhayi muzvimiro zvekuyedza mamota | Nguva iyi inosarudza panenge pari dhayi panosvika chiedza, izvo zvinosarudza chinhu chipenyu chinonyanya kunangwa |
| Kureba kwemafungu | Kazhinji inenge 630 kusvika 680 nm | Kunofanira kupindirana nechikamu chinotorwa nemamonomer; mishonga ine mamorekuru akawanda akabatana ari maviri inoshandura chiedza chinonyatsotorwa |
| Simba rechiedza rinosvika pachikamu chenzvimbo panguva imwe neimwe | Mishumo yevanhu yekurwisa utachiona iri pakati peinenge 50 kusvika 750 mW per square cm; zvidzidzo zvemaronda emhuka zvinowanzova pa100 mW per square cm kana pazasi payo | Simba rechiedza rakakwirira rinogona kupedza okisijeni yepanzvimbo nokukurumidza kupfuura inotsiviwa nekuyerera kweropa, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kunyange fluence yakatarwa yakafanana |
| Simba rose rechiedza pachikamu chenzvimbo, kana kuti fluence | Mishumo yevanhu yekurwisa utachiona iri pakati peinenge 6 kusvika 18 J per square cm mukati me8 masekonzi kusvika 10 maminitsi; zvidzidzo zvemaronda emhuka zviri pakati peinenge 12 kusvika 360 J per square cm | Simba rose risingatauri simba rinosvika panguva imwe neimwe, nguva, uye marongerwo enzvimbo harina kukwana kutsanangura chipimo |
| Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni | Hakuwanzo kudzorwa zvakananga; kunofungidzirwa kubva pamhando yenyama, mwero wefluence, uye kukamurwa kwekuvhenekerwa | Mashandiro eRudzi II anoshandisa okisijeni, saka chiedza chakaiswa nenzira yakafanana chinogona kupa migumisiro yakasiyana pazvinonangwa zvine kuyerera kweropa kwakanaka nezvine okisijeni shoma |
| Chinonangwa nemamiriro echidzidzo | Zvimiro zvekuyedza utachiona paganda nemumaronda, zvimiro zvekuyedza biofilm yemukanwa, masero ecarcinoma nemelanoma anokuriswa murabhoritari, mamota mumbeva, mishumo yekare yemamota eganda | Marongerwo enzvimbo, kudzika, mafambiro echiedza, uye kukuvara kunobvumirwa panyama yemunhu kana mhuka zvinosiyana zvikuru zvokuti nhamba dzekurwisa utachiona hadzimboshandiswi sezvadziri mubasa remamota |
Zvipimo zviri pamusoro zvakawanikwa muzvidzidzo, hazvisi maitiro anokurudzirwa. Musiyano iwoyo ndiwo chinangwa chetafura. Kusiyana kukuru kwezvipimo zvechiedza zvakataurwa pachako kunoratidza kuti hapana chipimo chimwe chechiedza chemethylene blue chinogona kutamisirwa kune mamwe mamiriro. Mamwe mashoko emurabhoritari pamusoro pebasa rebiofilm rinomutswa nechiedza ari mumethylene blue pakurwisa mabiofilm, uye mashoko akafara pamusoro peganda nekurapa nechiedza ari munyaya dzekunzwa chiedza kweganda nezvinokosha pazvipimo zvechiedza.
Nei nhamba dzesimba dzakafanana dzichigona kupa mashandiro akasiyana muzvinhu zvipenyu
Pane kusanzwisisa kuna kunoramba kuchidzokororwa pose panotaurwa zvipimo zvakaburitswa pasina mamiriro azvakashandiswa maari.
Chekutanga, fluence haisi iyo chipimo chose. Kuvhenekerwa kuviri kune kureba kwemafungu kwakafanana uye J per square cm dzakafanana kunosiyana kana kumwe kuchipiwa nokukurumidza uye kumwe zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti kupera kweokisijeni, kugadziriswa kwekukuvara panguva yekuvhenekerwa, uye kurasikirwa kwedhayi neruvara nemhaka yechiedza zvose zvinoenderana nemwero nenguva. Kutaurwa kwesimba pasina simba rechiedza rinosvika panguva imwe neimwe uye nguva yekuvhenekerwa kunosiya tsananguro yechiedzo isina kukwana.
Chechipiri, mafambiro echiedza munyama anoshandura zvinorehwa nezvipimo zverambi. Kutorwa kwechiedza, kupararira kwacho, chimiro chepamusoro, uye kupararira kwechiedza chichidzokera shure zvinoreva kuti fluence iri mukati menyama inogona kusiyana zvikuru neyakayerwa paburi rinobudisa chiedza cherambi. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvekuyerwa kwezvipimo mukurapa, mune mamwe mamiriro musiyano wacho unogona kusvika pedyo nekupeta kaviri. Nhamba yakakopwa muchinyorwa chetsvakurudzo inotsanangura marongerwo enzvimbo echidzidzo ichocho, kwete marongerwo ose.
Chechitatu, nzvimbo inoungana dhayi ndiyo inosarudza chinonangwa. Dhayi ine chaji yakanaka inogoverwa mumamembrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, zvifukidziro zvebhakitiriya, kana matrix iri kunze kwemasero zvichienderana nemuumbirwo wemushonga, chaji, kukwanisa kusangana nemafuta, nguva pakati pekuisa mushonga nekupa chiedza, uye nyama yacho. Ongororo ya1993 yemakemikari anofambiswa nechiedza inonyora kukuvara kunoitika panucleic acid, mapuroteni, malipid, mamembrane, nhengo diki dzemukati memasero, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, masero emhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye zvimiro zvekuyedza mamota. Ndicho chikonzero chaicho chinoita kuti dhayi imwe chete yakabatanidzwa nechiedza ikwanise kuuraya nenzira dzakasiyana mumamiriro akasiyana.
Chechina, okisijeni chinhu chinopera pachinoshandiswa. Mikwero yakakwirira yefluence inogona kushandisa okisijeni nokukurumidza kupfuura inodzorerwa nekupararira kwayo nekuyerera kweropa, zvokonzera kushomeka kweokisijeni kwechinguvana pakati pekuvhenekerwa. Kana izvi zvaitika, kuwedzera chiedza kunowedzera zvishoma kana kuti hakuwedzeri zvachose mugumisiro weRudzi II. Kukamura kuvhenekerwa nekuderedza simba rechiedza rinosvika panguva imwe neimwe zvinoongororwa zvimwe senzira dzekugadzirisa chipingamupinyi ichi. Ndicho chikonzerowo chinoita kuti miganhu yekuchengeteka nekuwanikwa kweokisijeni munyama zvive chikamu chemitemo yekuchengeteka nekutarisirwa mukurapa, kwete chebhuku remirayiridzo yerambi.
Maitiro anotungamirirwa nenyanzvi yekurapa, kwete resipi yekumba
Kurapa kunoongororwa uku kunoitwa panzvimbo panobatanidzwa kuongororwa kwechirwere, kuyerwa kwezvipimo, nekutarisirwa. Mumwe munhu anofanira kusimbisa kuti nzvimbo yakakanganisika ndeyei uye inosvika pakadzika zvakadii, kusarudza muumbirwo wemushonga nenguva pakati pekuuisa nekupa chiedza zvinoenderana nechinonangwa, kugadzirisa nekuyera chitubu chechiedza pamusoro penzvimbo yakatarwa ine marongerwo akatarwa, uye kuongorora ganda, maziso, marwadzo, nemapinduriro enyama yepanzvimbo. Ongororo yekugadzirwa kwephenothiazinium inotsigira izvi inotsanangura chikamu chose ichi chetsvakurudzo sekukwenenzvera hukama pakati pechimiro chemorekuru nemashandiro acho mumamiriro anodzorwa, kwete sedhayi yakangobatanidzwa nechiedza chitsvuku chero chipi zvacho.
Kuedza kutevedzera izvi kumba kunotadza pazvinhu zvose zvinodzorwa panguva imwe chete. Marambi anotengeswa kuvanhu haawanzo kutaura simba rechiedza rakayerwa zvinoenderana nekureba kwemafungu padaro rinoshandiswa pakurapa. Uwandu hwedhayi mumushonga unoiswa hahutauri chinhu pamusoro pemugove wemamonomer kana nzvimbo yainoungana mukati memasero. Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni munyama hakuzivikanwi uye kunochinja panguva yekuvhenekerwa. Hapana pazvipimo zvakataurwa panobvumira maitiro ekurapa kumba, uye chinyorwa ichi hachipi resipi inoshandisika nemaune. Vaverengi vari kuyera kunaka kwehumbowo hwose vanofanira kushandisa maverengero echidzidzo chemethylene blue vasati vaita mhedziso kubva muchinyorwa chimwe chete, uye vaverengi vanoda kuziva nzira dzinoshandisa chiedza chete pasina chinhu chinomutswa nechiedza vanofanira kutanga nekurapa nechiedza chitsvuku pasina chinhu chinomutswa nechiedza.
Zvisingasimbiswi nechinyorwa ichi
Hachisimbisi kuti kurapa kwephotodynamic nemethylene blue kunoporesa dambudziko ripi neripi reganda, kunobvisa utachiona hupi nohupi, kana kuti kunorapa bundu ripi neripi. Ongororo dzemashandiro dzataurwa pano dzakayera makemikari anofambiswa nechiedza uye dzakaenzanisa zvimiro zvemadhayi; hadzina kutara uwandu hwemushonga kana fluence yekushandisa mukurapa. Zvipimo zvakataurwa pamusoro zvinobva mumishumo yevanhu yakasiyana nezvimiro zvekuyedza pamhuka zvine zvinonangwa, kudzika, miumbirwo yemishonga, nezvinoyerwa pakupedzisira zvakasiyana, uye hazvigoni kuunganidzwa zvobudiswa avhareji yokupa mazano. Humbowo hwakanangana nemamota, kusanganisira miganhu yemishumo yekutanga yekurapa basal cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, nemelanoma, hunoongororwa hwakaparadzana muunganidzwa wetsvakurudzo yekenza. Mibvunzo yekuchena nekwaunowana zvinhu zvemhando yekushandisa murabhoritari yakaparadzana nenyaya yekurapa uye inotsanangurwa mumasarudziro echigadzirwa chemethylene blue.