Ubururu bwa metilene mu kugabanya udukoko dutera indwara muri plazima: uko bikorwa

Ubururu bwa metilene bushobora gufasha kugabanya udukoko dutera indwara muri plazima yatanzwe iyo bukoreshejwe muri sisitemu igenzurwa yo kuyitunganya. Uku gutunganya bikorwa hanze y'umubiri, mbere y'uko plazima yemererwa guterwa umuntu. Bihuza ibikoresho byagenwe, guhuza plazima n'irangi, kuyimurikira, kuyiyungurura no kugenzura igice cy'amaraso kivuyemo.

Iri tandukaniro ni ryo rigena icyo ibimenyetso bisobanura. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko sisitemu yo gutunganya igabanya virusi zishobora kwanduza ziri mu mufuka wa plazima bwemeza igisubizo kuri iyo plazima n'ubwo buryo bwo kuyitunganya. Ntibwemeza ko gufata ubururu bwa metilene bivura ubwandu mu muntu.

Ikibazo gifite akamaro mu buvuzi na cyo gifite impande ebyiri: ubu buryo bugabanya udukoko dutera indwara ku rugero rungana iki, kandi ni ku rugero rungana iki imikorere y'ingirakamaro ya plazima isigara?

Tangirira kuri plazima, aho kuba ku gicuruzwa cy'amaraso kidasobanuwe

Plazima ni igice cy'amaraso cy'amazi kirimo poroteyine, harimo n'ibigira uruhare mu kuvura kw'amaraso. Ntibikwiye gufatwa ko sisitemu yo gutunganya plazima inakwiriye amaraso yose, ibice birimo insoro zitukura zegeranyijwe cyangwa ibice birimo udufashi tw'amaraso. Ibyo bice bigizwe n'ibintu bitandukanye kandi bifite imikorere itandukanye igomba kubungabungwa.

Nk'urugero rufatika, sisitemu ya THERAFLEX MB-Plasma ya Macopharma itunganya imifuka ya plazima, buri umwe wavuye ku muterankunga umwe. Urukurikirane rwanditswe rw'ibikorwa byayo rurimo kugabanya uturemangingo, kongeramo ubururu bwa metilene, kumurikira, gukuramo irangi no kubika. Uruganda rusobanura imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho ikoreshwa kuri plazima ikomoka ku maraso yose no ku bwinshi burushijeho bwa plazima yakusanyijwe hakoreshejwe aferesi. Bityo, plazima itangirirwaho n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe bigira akamaro mbere y'uko kumurikira bitangira.

“Plazima y'ubururu bwa metilene” ni ibisobanuro by'igice cy'amaraso cyatunganyijwe, si urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibipimo kigomba kuba cyujuje. Igereranya rifite akamaro rigaragaza sisitemu, imiterere y'ibikoresho, inkomoko ya plazima n'inyandiko y'amabwiriza yo kuyikoresha yakurikijwe.

Kurikirana plazima mu kuyitunganya no kuyisuzuma

Ishusho iri hejuru itandukanya ibyiciro. Iyi mbonerahamwe iyiherekeza isobanura icyo buri cyiciro kimara n'icyo kidashobora kwemeza cyonyine.

Iyi mbonerahamwe ifasha gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gutunganya bwagenzuwe kandi bwemejwe; ntisimbura amabwiriza y'imikorere. By'umwihariko, akayunguruzo ko gukuramo ibinyabutabire n'igikoresho gitanga urumuri bikora imirimo itandukanye. Macopharma isobanura ko Blueflex igabanya ubururu bwa metilene n'ibibukomokaho, harimo ibinyabutabire bya azure na thionine. Icyemezo cyo gukuramo ibinyabutabire kigomba kumvikana nk'igabanuka ryapimwe, atari isezerano ry'uko nta molekile n'imwe isigara.

Impamvu igikoresho gitanga urumuri kiri mu bigize ubu buryo

Ubururu bwa metilene bukora iyo bumurikiwe. Kumurikira bishobora kwangiza mu buryo bw'ubutabire ibice by'ibinyabuzima bigenewe kwibasirwa, ari na yo mpamvu uku guhuza byakorewe ubushakashatsi mu gutuma virusi zidashobora kwanduza. Mu bushakashatsi bwa Mohr na bagenzi be ku marangi ya phenothiazine n'urumuri, guhindura igikoresho gitanga urumuri byahinduye uko virusi zidakomeza kwanduza ndetse n'uko poroteyine za plazima zangirika.

Ibi birinda uburyo bwo koroshya ibintu bukunze gukoreshwa: gufata izina ry'irangi nk'aho risobanura uburyo bwose bukoreshwa. Itara ritandukanye, umufuka utandukanye, inzira urumuri runyuramo itandukanye cyangwa ibitunganywa bitandukanye bishobora guhindura uko bimurikirwa. Inyandiko irambuye ku buryo ubushakashatsi bukorwa ku gutunganya hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene n'urumuri isobanura impamvu ibigize umuti n'uko umurikirwa bigomba gusobanurwa hamwe.

Ubushyuhe ni urugero rw'ingirakamaro cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwo muri 2018 ku gutunganya hakoreshejwe THERAFLEX ku bushyuhe butandukanye bwagereranyije plazima iri hafi ya 5°C, 22°C na 30°C. Ku bushyuhe bwo hasi cyane, abashakashatsi babonye ko igisate kidashonga neza kandi ko virusi eshatu zakozweho ubushakashatsi zidakumirwa neza. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwongereye impinduka mu gihe amaraso amara ataravura no mu gutakaza ubushobozi bw'ibigira uruhare mu kuvura kw'amaraso.

Ibyo byabonetse ntibitanga urwego rushya rw'ubushyuhe bwo gukoreraho. Bisobanura impamvu serivisi y'amaraso igomba gukoresha ibipimo byagenwe: kunoza igisubizo kimwe uhindura igipimo runaka bishobora kubangamira ikindi.

Ni ikihe gice cya sisitemu cyagabanyije akanyabuzima?

Igabanuka ry'udukoko dutera indwara ripimwe nyuma y'ibikorwa byose ntirishobora guhita ryitirirwa irangi ryakoreshejwe n'urumuri ryonyine.

Mu bushakashatsi bwo muri 2015 bwagerageje sisitemu hakoreshejwe plazima yandujwe ku bushake, abashakashatsi bafashe ingero nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyo gutunganya. Kuyungurura uturemangingo ni byo byagize uruhare runini mu kugabanya bagiteri. Kuri bagiteri nto yitwa Brevundimonas diminuta, icyo cyiciro cya mbere cyagejeje ku igabanuka rya 1.7-log; gutunganya hakoreshejwe urumuri no kuyungurura irangi byakurikiyeho byagejeje igabanuka rusange kuri nibura 3.7 logs, munsi y'urugero ikizamini cyashoboraga gutahura.

Iki ni igisubizo cya sisitemu ihuza ibikorwa byinshi. Ntikigaragaza ko umuti usanzwe w'ubururu bwa metilene utanga igabanuka rya bagiteri ringana n'iryo. Iri tandukaniro rirakenewe no mu gusoma ubushakashatsi bwagutse ku bururu bwa metilene mu kurwanya udukoko.

Igabanuka rya log risobanura ikigereranyo hagati y'ubwinshi bw'ibishobora kwanduza bwapimwe mu ntangiriro n'ubwasigaye. Igabanuka rya log eshatu ni igabanuka ry'inshuro igihumbi. “Munsi y'urugero rushobora gutahurwa” bivuga ko ikizamini kitashoboye gupima ubwinshi bw'ibyasigaye mu bihe cyakorewemo. Si gihamya y'uko nta kanyabuzima na kamwe gasigaye cyangwa ko ubwo buryo bukora ku binyabuzima byose bitigeze bigeragezwa. Ubwoko bwa virusi, ubwinshi bwazo mu ntangiriro, ibigize urugero rusuzumwa n'ubushobozi bw'ikizamini bwo gutahura bikomeza kuba ibice bikenewe mu gusobanura icyo cyemezo.

Bungabunga imikorere plazima izakoreshwamo

Uburyo bwo gutunganya bushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwanduza ari na ko buhindura poroteyine zifite akamaro mu buvuzi. Gupima igabanuka ry'udukoko dutera indwara byonyine rero bituma isuzuma rituzura.

Mu igereranya ryo muri 2014 ry'inkomoko za plazima n'ibihe byo kuyitunganya, ubushobozi bwa factor VIII bwasigaye nyuma yo gutunganya hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene bwari hagati ya 78% na 89% mu byiciro by'ubushakashatsi. Ubwasigaye bwaterwaga n'inkomoko ya plazima, kandi abashakashatsi banasuzumye fibrinojeni. Ibi ni ibipimo bya laboratwari byakorewe ku gice cy'amaraso cyatunganyijwe. Si ijanisha ry'uko gikora neza mu kuvura abarwayi.

Tekereza ku mifuka ibiri ya plazima ifite ibipimo bitandukanye by'ibigira uruhare mu kuvura kw'amaraso mu ntangiriro. Nubwo yasigarana umugabane ungana w'ubushobozi mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, ibipimo byayo bya nyuma bizatandukana. Ku rundi ruhande, ijanisha rirenzeho ry'ubushobozi bwasigaye ntirisobanura byanze bikunze ubwinshi burenzeho kuri buri rugero rwa plazima irangiye gutunganywa. Soma ibipimo byafashwe mbere na nyuma, ndetse n'ibipimo bigomba kubahirizwa kugira ngo yemerewe gukoreshwa.

Ibyavuye mu kuvura abarwayi bisaba ubundi bwoko bw'ibimenyetso. Ubushakashatsi ku buziranenge bw'igice cy'amaraso ntibushobora, bwonyine, kwemeza ko uburyo bwo kugenzura kuva amaraso, amaraso akenewe guterwa cyangwa igipimo cy'ingaruka mbi bingana mu itsinda runaka ry'abarwayi.

Tandukanya ibimenyetso byo gutunganya n'ibyemezo byo kuvura

Umufuka wa plazima utuma kuyihuza n'irangi no kuyimurikira mu buryo bugenzurwa bishoboka: ufite ingano izwi, imiterere izwi, urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa byo gutunganya n'igisubizo gishobora gupimwa. Umuntu afite ingirangingo, itembera ry'amaraso, ihinduranya ry'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri n'ahantu hari ubwandu bitagereranywa muri iri gerageza.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyemezo byo kuvura HIV ugereranyije n'ibimenyetso byo gukumira virusi muri plazima n'ibimenyetso ku bururu bwa metilene kuri COVID-19 na COVID imara igihe kirekire bisaba isuzuma ryabyo ryihariye mu buvuzi. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo bibazo gisubizwa no kugaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo kwanduza bwagabanutse mu byatanzwe n'abaterankunga.

Ku ikoreshwa muri serivisi z'amaraso, suzuma igice cy'amaraso nyirizina na sisitemu yemerewe aho ukorera, igenzura ryemeza imikorere yayo kuri buri bwoko bw'akanyabuzima, imikorere ya poroteyine yasigaye, ibinyabutabire bisigaye n'igenzura rikorwa mbere yo kwemerera gukoreshwa. Nk'uko uruganda rubivuga, kuboneka kw'igicuruzwa biratandukana bitewe n'igihugu. Kuba cyarakoreshejwe mu gihe cyashize cyangwa kuba igerageza ryaragenze neza ntibyemeza ko ubu cyemewe hose. Ibimenyetso by'ingirakamaro bishingira ku buryo bwose bwo gutunganya bwagenzuwe kandi bwemejwe, bukoreshejwe ku gice cya plazima cyabugenewe.