Inyandiko
Ubururu bwa metilene no kwiyiriza: icyo ubushakashatsi kuri autofaji bwerekana
Ubururu bwa metilene bwakoreweho ubushakashatsi mu turemangingo twashyizwe mu bibazo bijyanye n'intungamubiri. Ibyo ntibyemeza ko kubufata mu gihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa mu bihe bisimburana biteza imbere ubuzima. Mu masoko twasuzumye kuri iyi ngingo, ntitwabonye igerageza ku bantu rifite itsinda ryo kugereranya ryagaragaje inyungu kuri autofaji cyangwa ku buzima ituruka ku guhuza ubururu bwa metilene no kwiyiriza.
Hari ibibazo bitatu bitandukanye: icyo igerageza ryo muri laboratwari ryapimye, niba umuti uteguwe mu buryo runaka uhuye n'igisobanuro runaka cyo kwiyiriza, n'uko kuwufata utariye bihindura kwinjira kwawo mu mubiri cyangwa uko umubiri uwihanganira. Igisubizo cyemeza kimwe ntigishobora gusubiza ibindi.
Icyo kwamburwa serumu bisobanura mu igerageza ryavuzwe
Mu bushakashatsi bwa Xie na bagenzi be bwo mu 2013 ku turemangingo tw'imyakura, abashakashatsi bakoresheje uturemangingo twa HT22, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo two muri hipokampe y'imbeba bukurirwa muri laboratwari. Basimbuje uruvange rukurirwamo uturemangingo rwari rwongerewemo serumu DMEM itarimo serumu. Uturemangingo twagumye mu ruvange rwo muri laboratwari; ntitwashyizwe mu mazi gusa.
Ubururu bwa metilene bwagabanyije apopitoze ifitanye isano no kwamburwa serumu, ari bwo buryo bw'urupfu rw'uturemangingo rugenwa n'imikorere yatwo. Abashakashatsi banapimye uko LC3B yafashe irangi n'ingano za poroteyine, basuzuma poroteyine p62 ifitanye isano na autofaji, kandi bakoresha ibintu biburizamo imikorere kugira ngo bagerageze uburyo bw'imikorere bari batekereje. Ibisubizo byabo byagaragaje uruhare rw'ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso rya AMPK, hatabayeho kuburizamo mTOR nk'uko rimwe na rimwe bivugwa kuri interineti. Andi magerageza ku mbeba yasuzumye ingirangingo z'ubwonko nyuma yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene.
Gukuraho serumu bihindura uruvange rufasha uturemangingo gukurira muri laboratwari, harimo n'ibigize uruvange bishyigikira gukura. Ntibisubiramo ibisubizo bihuzwa by'imisemburo, igogora n'ingirangingo mu muntu usibye amafunguro. Kandi kuba uturemangingo tw'ubwo bwoko twarushijeho kurokoka ntibyemeza ko haboneka ingaruka nziza muri buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo cyangwa muri buri ndwara.
Imbonerahamwe ihuza ibivugwa n'ubushakashatsi
Iyi mbonerahamwe itandukanya icyakozwe n'icyapimwe nk'igisubizo. Kumenya icyahinduwe n'icyabazwe bifite akamaro kurusha kumenya izina ry'ubushakashatsi.
| Ikivugwa gisuzumwa | Icyakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi cyangwa igereranya rikenewe | Igisubizo cyapimwe | Icyo ibimenyetso bishobora gushyigikira |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Ubururu bwa metilene bufasha uturemangingo twiyiriza.” | Xie 2013: uturemangingo twa HT22 tw'imbeba twambuwe serumu, tumwe dukoreshejweho ubururu bwa metilene n'utundi tutabukoreshejweho | Apopitoze, ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubaho n'ibipimo bifitanye isano na autofaji | Kurindwa muri iyo mimerere yo gukurirwa muri laboratwari; nta gisubizo ku kwiyiriza kw'abantu |
| “Bukangura inzira y'ingufu, bityo bwigana kwiyiriza.” | Atamna 2015: uturemangingo tw'abantu twa IMR90 two mu bwoko bwa fiborobulasite twakuririjwe muri laboratwari kandi dukoreshejweho ubururu bwa metilene | Ikigereranyo cya NAD/NADH, iyongerwa ry'amatsinda ya fosifate kuri AMPK, imikorere ya anzime zo muri mitokondiriya n'ibipimo bifitanye isano no gusaza kw'uturemangingo | Igisubizo cy'uturemangingo kuri icyo kinyabutabire; nta gihinduwe mu mirire |
| “Ubushakashatsi ku kwiyiriza bwemeza ko kubihuza bikora.” | Igerageza rya DIRECT: abarwayi batoranyijwe ba kanseri y'ibere bahabwa ubuvuzi bwa shimi, hagereranywa indyo yigana kwiyiriza n'indyo isanzwe | Uburozi bw'ubuvuzi n'ibipimo by'uko ikibyimba cyitabira ubuvuzi | Ibimenyetso ku ndyo yunganira ubuvuzi bwa shimi; ubururu bwa metilene si bwo bwageragejwe nk'ubwunganizi |
| “Ibyo bikorwa byombi byunganirana bikarenza ingaruka ziteganyijwe.” | Igereranya ririmo kutagira na kimwe gikorwa, gukora buri kimwe ukwacyo, no gukora byombi hamwe | Igipimo kimwe cyateganyijwe mbere mu matsinda yose, hamwe n'isesengura ry'imikoranire yabyo | Igerageza risuzuma niba ingaruka zabyo bihujwe zirenga iziteganyijwe kuri buri kimwe ukwacyo; ibi ntibyemejwe n'ubushakashatsi buri hejuru |
| “Ntibizica igisibo cyanjye.” | Umuti uteguwe nyirizina, ibiwugize n'amabwiriza yo kwiyiriza areba icyo kibazo | Ingano y'ibiwugize cyangwa kubahiriza ayo mabwiriza | Igisubizo kijyanye n'ibigize umuti cyangwa igisobanuro cyo kwiyiriza; nta gipimo cya autofaji |
Iyi mbonerahamwe ni incamake y'umwimerere ihuza ubushakashatsi bwaganiriweho hano. Imirongo yayo ibiri ya nyuma isobanura ibimenyetso ikivugwa cyakenera, aho gutanga raporo y'amagerageza yarangiye.
Gukangurwa kwa AMPK si igisubizo cyo kwiyiriza
Indi nyandiko ikunze kuvugwa, ubushakashatsi bwa Atamna na bagenzi be bwo mu 2015 ku nzira z'ingufu no kwirinda kw'uturemangingo, yakoresheje uturemangingo tw'abantu twa fiborobulasite twakurijwe hanze y'umubiri. Yatangaje ihinduka ry'igihe gito mu kongerwa kw'amatsinda ya fosifate kuri AMPK, impinduka mu mikorere ya komplegisi-IV yo muri mitokondiriya, no kugabanuka kw'iyangirika rya telomere mu turemangingo twakoreshejweho uwo muti. Ibi ni ibipimo byo mu turemangingo. Ijambo “abantu” risobanura inkomoko y'uturemangingo, ntabwo rivuga abantu bitabiriye igerageza ryo kwiyiriza.
Inzira yumva uko ingufu zihagaze ishobora kwitabira ibiyikangura birenze kimwe. Kubona icyo gisubizo ntibituma ibiyikangura bishobora gusimburana. Ibimenyetso by'uko ubururu bwa metilene buhindura AMPK n'ibimenyetso by'uko kugabanya ibyo umuntu arya bigira ingaruka ku ihinduranya ry'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri ntibyerekana ko kubihuza ari ingirakamaro, ko ingaruka zabyo ziyongera gusa, cyangwa ko byunganirana bikarenza ingaruka ziteganyijwe. Ibivugwa ku burebure bw'ubuzima na byo bikenera ibipimo byabyo, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu bimenyetso ku bururu bwa metilene no kuramba.
Autofaji ubwayo ni uburyo ibiri mu turemangingo bijyanwa muri lizozome kugira ngo bisenywe kandi byongere gukoreshwa. Imikorere yayo ntishobora gusobanurwa gusa n'ingano ya kalorii yanditse ku nyunganiramirire. Amabwiriza y'ibipimo bya autofaji atandukanya umubare w'imyubakire ya autofaji n'urujya n'uruza rw'ibintu muri autofaji, ni ukuvuga uko ibintu binyura mu buryo bwose uko bwakabaye. Kuba iyo myubakire yabaye myinshi bishobora kwerekana ko irushaho gukorwa cyangwa ko itinda gukurwaho. Ikimenyetso kimwe ntigishobora gutandukanya ibyo byombi.
Ibisobanuro byacu ku magerageza y'ubururu bwa metilene, AMPK na autofaji bisuzuma ibyo bipimo mu buryo burambuye.
Ese ubururu bwa metilene bwica igisibo?
Nta gisubizo cya yego cyangwa oya cyatangwa hatitawe ku buryo umuti uteguwe. “Ubururu bwa metilene” ni izina ry'ikinyabutabire gikora, si urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibigize umuti cyangwa isesengura ry'intungamubiri.
- Ku gisobanuro gikomeye cyemerera amazi gusa, umuti urimo ubururu bwa metilene ni ikintu cyongewe ku mazi. Kuwita ko nta kalorii ufite ntibiwugira amazi gusa.
- Ku mabwiriza ashingiye kuri kalorii, suzuma neza ibigize umuti uteguwe nyirizina. Isukari, sirupe, amavuta cyangwa ibindi bintu bitwara ikinyabutabire kandi birimo ingufu bigomba kwitabwaho hakurikijwe ingano yabyo nyakuri. Ntugene ingano ya kalorii ushingiye gusa ku ibara, ijanisha ry'ubwinshi bw'ikinyabutabire mu ruvange cyangwa izina ry'ikinyabutabire gikora.
- Ku “kwiyiriza kwa autofaji,” kuba nta sukari yongewemo cyangwa kuba ingano ya kalorii ivugwa ari nto ntibyemeza ibiba ku rujya n'uruza rw'ibintu muri autofaji mu ngirangingo z'umuntu.
- Ku isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi, kurikiza amabwiriza y'ikigo gikora isuzuma. Amabwiriza ya MedlinePlus ku kwiyiriza mbere y'ibizamini by'amaraso atandukanya by'umwihariko kunywa amazi gusa n'ibyemezo bijyanye n'imiti, kandi agira inama yo kudahagarika imiti utabitegetswe n'umuganga.
Ikivugwa ku kwinjira k'umuti mu mubiri gikenera irindi gerageza: kugereranya umuti uteguwe kimwe mu mimerere yasobanuwe yo kuba wariye n'iyo kuba wiyirije, hapimwa ubwinshi bwawo mu maraso uko igihe kigenda gihita. Kumva ingaruka zawo vuba ntibyemeza ko winjiye mu mubiri ku bwinshi kurushaho. Reba kwinjira mu mubiri no gukwirakwira kw'ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo ubone ibimenyetso bijyanye na buri nzira yo kubufata. Ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo buri hejuru ntibwemeza amabwiriza yo gufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo.
Kwiyiriza bihujwe n'ubururu bwa metilene ntibishobora gusimbura ubuvuzi bwa kanseri
Inkuru z'uko ububabare bwagabanutse mu gihe cyo kwiyiriza ntizishobora kwemeza ko ikibyimba cyagabanutse cyangwa ko umuntu yabayeho igihe kirekire kurushaho. Iyo ibinyabutabire byinshi, impinduka mu mirire n'imiti y'ububabare bihinduriwe icyarimwe, inkuru y'umuntu ku giti cye ntishobora kugaragaza icyakozwe cyateye iryo hinduka ryiza.
Hari ubushakashatsi nyakuri ku mpinduka mu mirire mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri. Igerageza rya DIRECT ryo mu cyiciro cya 2 ryagabanyije abantu mu matsinda ku buryo bwa tombola ryize ku ndyo yigana kwiyiriza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwa shimi butangwa mbere yo kubagwa, mu barwayi ba kanseri y'ibere iri ku cyiciro cya II/III kandi idafite HER2. Ntir ryabonye itandukaniro mu burozi bw'ubuvuzi hagati y'amatsinda, kandi ryatangaje amwe mu masesengura yagaragaje ibisubizo byiza mu kwitabira ubuvuzi. Ibyo byabonetse byarebaga itsinda ry'abarwayi batoranyijwe n'indyo yunganira ubuvuzi. Ntibyagerageje ubururu bwa metilene, ntibyagaragaje akamaro ko kwiyiriza unywa amazi gusa, kandi ntibyemeje ikintu cyasimbura ubuvuzi bwa shimi.
Ntutinde gutangira cyangwa ngo usimbuze ubuvuzi bwa kanseri wandikiwe uku guhuza kw'ibyo byombi. Ku muntu utakaza ibiro cyangwa ugorwa no kurya, kurushaho kugabanya ibyo arya bishobora kutajyana n'ibikenewe mu buvuzi. Amabwiriza ya National Cancer Institute ku mirire asobanura impamvu kalorii na poroteyine bihagije, gusuzuma imirire n'ubufasha bujyanye n'umuntu ku giti cye bifite akamaro mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri.
Ubururu bwa metilene kandi bufite ibyago bijyanye n'imiti bitagengwa no kwiyiriza. Amakuru yo kwandika PROVAYBLUE aburira ku ndwara y'ubwinshi bwa serotonine igihe ikoreshejwe hamwe n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine n'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa opiyoyide, kandi abuza kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo kubura G6PD. Ayo makuru y'umuti uterwa mu nshinge ntiyemeza umuti unyobwa ugurishwa ku baguzi cyangwa gahunda yo kwiyiriza. Mbere yo gutekereza kuwukoresha, shyira abagize itsinda rikuvura umuti nyirizina n'urutonde rw'imiti ufata.
Mu gusuzuma ikivugwa gishya, garagaza icyakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi, icyakozwe, icyagereranyijwe na cyo n'igisubizo cyapimwe, wifashishije amabwiriza yo gusoma ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene. Ikivugwa ku bantu biyiriza gikenera ibimenyetso biva ku bantu biyiriza, kandi ikivugwa ku guhuza ibyo byombi gikenera ibimenyetso byagerageje koko uko guhuza.