Methylene blue, tiramine n'ibiribwa byasembuwe

Methylene blue igabanya imikorere ya monoamine oxidase, bityo ibibazo ku bijyanye na foromaje imaze igihe ikuze, imboga zasembuwe n'ibindi biribwa birimo tiramine bifite ishingiro mu bumenyi bw'imikorere y'imiti. Icyakora, icyo cyagaragajwe ntigishyiraho urutonde rw'ibiribwa buri wese ukoresha methylene blue agomba kwirinda cyangwa igihe cyo gutegereza cyizewe. Amabwiriza y'imirire ajyanye n'undi muti ugabanya imikorere ya MAO ntashobora guhita akoreshwa kuri methylene blue.

Ibibazo bibiri bikeneye ibisubizo bitandukanye: ese kugabanuka kw'isenywa rya tiramine bishobora kongera izamuka ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso rifitanye isano n'ibiribwa, kandi ese kugabanuka kw'isenywa rya serotonine bishobora gutera uburozi iyo bihujwe n'imiti yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine? Kwirinda ibiribwa byasembuwe ntibikemura ikibazo cya kabiri.

Impamvu tiramine iza muri iki kiganiro

Tiramine ni amine ikomoka ku binyabuzima, ikorwa na tumwe mu tunyabuzima duto duhereye kuri aside amine yitwa tirozine. Umushinga wa ETH Zurich kuri tiramine mu biribwa byasembuwe usobanura uko ibyo bibaho muri foromaje no mu nyama zasembuwe. Bityo, isembura rifite aho rihuriye n'iki kibazo, ariko ijambo “byasembuwe” ntirivuga ingano ya tiramine iri mu mugabane w'ibiribwa.

Ubwoko bw'utunyabuzima duto, ibikoreshwa mu gutegura ibiribwa, igihe bimara bikura, uburyo bibikwa n'ingano y'umugabane bigira ingaruka ku ngano ya tiramine umuntu ahura na yo. Mu bushakashatsi bw'igerageza kuri foromaje ya Olomouc ikozwe mu mata yavuriyemo, abashakashatsi bapimye amine zikomoka ku binyabuzima bakoresheje kromatogarafi, bagenda bahindura ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo kubika. Ingano ya tiramine yari mu biribwa yarahindukaga cyane bitewe n'imiterere yageragejwe. Ibyo bipimo bisobanura iryo gerageza kuri iyo foromaje, ntabwo ari agaciro kizewe kuri buri foromaje, amashu yasembuwe cyangwa yawurute biri mu gikoni.

Ubusanzwe, monoamine oxidase iri mu nzira y'igogora ifasha gusenya amine zinjiye mu mubiri binyuze mu biribwa mbere y'uko ingano nyinshi igera mu maraso. Iyo ubwo burinzi bugabanutse bihagije, tiramine yinjiye mu mubiri ishobora gutuma imyakura y'urwungano rwa simpatetike irekura noradrenaline, bikazamura umuvuduko w'amaraso. Amakuru agenewe abandika umuti wa EMSAM asobanura ubu buryo tiramine ikora. Anagaragaza itandukaniro ry'ingenzi: uburyo ibintu bikora busobanura impamvu imikoranire ishoboka; ubushakashatsi bwihariye ku muti ni bwo bugaragaza uko ibyo bigomba gushingirwaho mu mabwiriza y'uwo muti.

“MAOI” ntisobanura itegeko rimwe ry'imirire

Monoamine oxidase ifite ubwoko bubiri, MAO-A na MAO-B. Imiti itandukana ku bwoko ibuza gukora, ku rugero ibuza imikorere yabwo igihe umubiri uhuye n'ingano runaka yayo, no ku kuba uko kubuzwa gushobora gusubirwaho cyangwa kudashobora gusubirwaho. Inatandukana ku buryo igera mu mara, mu mwijima no mu zindi ngingo.

Imiti ya kera igabanya imikorere ya MAO idatoranya ubwoko bwayo kandi ku buryo budashobora gusubirwaho, nka tranylcypromine, itandukanye n'umuti ugabanya imikorere ya MAO-A ku buryo bushobora gusubirwaho, nka moclobemide. Kubuzwa kw'imikorere gushobora gusubirwaho bishobora kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'ingaruka za tiramine, ariko “gushobora gusubirwaho” ntibivuga ko nta mikoranire ihari. Amakuru yerekeye umuti wa moclobemide muri rusange ntasaba imirire yihariye, ariko akomeza kugira inama yo kwirinda ingano nyinshi y'ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri tiramine.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bakorerabushake 16 bafite ubuzima bwiza, bugereranya umuti n'umuti utagira ikinyabutabire gikora, kandi abitabiriye n'abashakashatsi batazi uwahawe buri muti bwagereranyije mu buryo butaziguye moclobemide na tranylcypromine mu gihe cyo kubaha imiti inshuro nyinshi. Abashakashatsi batanze ingano za tiramine zigenda ziyongera hamwe n'ifunguro, bapima ingano yari ikenewe kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amaraso igihe umutima wifashe uzamukeho nibura 30 mmHg. Tranylcypromine yongereye izamuka ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso cyane kurusha moclobemide. Iri ryari igerageza rigenzurwa ryo gutanga tiramine no gupima ingaruka zayo, ntabwo ryari igerageza ry'ibiribwa ryo mu rugo cyangwa ubushakashatsi kuri methylene blue.

Uburyo umuti winjizwa mu mubiri n'ingano umubiri uhura na yo na byo ni ingenzi no ku muti umwe. Amabwiriza y'agapande ka selegiline gafatishwa ku ruhu atandukanya ingano zayo zageragejwe: ibimenyetso byayo bishyigikira ko nta guhindura imirire bikenewe kuri 6 mg mu masaha 24, mu gihe udupapande dutanga 9 na 12 mg mu masaha 24 dufite amabwiriza yo kwirinda ibiribwa bimwe. Iyo mibare ireba ako gapande. Ntabwo ari imipaka ishobora kwimurirwa kuri methylene blue ifatwa mu kanwa.

Icyo ubushakashatsi kuri methylene blue bwemeza

Mu bushakashatsi bwa Ramsay na bagenzi be bwo mu 2007 kuri enzime, abashakashatsi bagerageje MAO y'umuntu yatunganyijwe ikavanwamo ibindi bintu, bakoresheje uburyo bwo gusesengura umuvuduko w'imikorere ya enzime n'uburyo bw'isesengura bukoresha urumuri. Methylene blue yagabanyije cyane imikorere ya MAO-A ku buryo bushobora gusubirwaho; kugira ngo igabanye imikorere ya MAO-B byasabaga ubwinshi burushijeho. Ibi byemeza imikoranire ku rwego rwa molekile. Ntabwo bipima uko umuvuduko w'amaraso witwara ku ifunguro ryasembuwe mu bantu bafata igicuruzwa mu kanwa.

Hari kandi ibimenyetso bya kera by'igerageza bireba tiramine ubwayo. Mu magerageza ku turemangingo tw'umutsi w'amaraso ujyana amaraso mu mara y'imbwa, methylene blue yagabanyije ikurwaho ry'itsinda rya amine kuri tiramine mu mvange z'uturemangingo twamenaguwe, kandi ihindura uko noradrenaline ikoreshwa. Iyo mvange igizwe n'uturemangingo twamenaguwe tugakorerwaho ubushakashatsi hanze y'inyamaswa. Ubwinshi bupimwe muri iyo mvange ntibushobora guhindurwamo ingano yizewe yo gufata mu kanwa cyangwa umugabane w'ibiribwa.

Mu masoko y'amakuru yasuzumwe hano, sinabonye igisubizo cy'igerageza ku bantu, ryakozwe mu kubaha ibiribwa no gupima ingaruka zabyo, cyemeza imirire rusange cyangwa igihe cyo kwirinda ibiribwa ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe bya methylene blue. Ibyo ni imbogamizi y'ibimenyetso byabonetse, ntabwo ari gihamya ko buri guhuza ibiribwa n'ibyo bicuruzwa bitekanye cyangwa ko nta bushakashatsi bujyanye n'iki kibazo buhari. Umuti ufite imiterere isa n'iyo, uburyo butandukanye bwo kuwufata cyangwa igerageza rya enzime, buri kimwe cyakenera isuzuma ryacyo ryerekana aho gishobora gukoreshwa.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibimenyetso: ibiribwa, imiti n'uburyo ikoreshwa

Soma buri murongo uva ibumoso ujya iburyo. Ibimenyetso ku ngaruka imwe ntibihita bisubiza ikibazo kiri iruhande rwayo.

Ibyo umubiri uhura na byo cyangwa ikibazo	Ibimenyetso bihari	Icyo bishyigikira	Ibisigaye bidasobanutse
Tiramine hamwe n'imiti ya kera ya MAOI ivura agahinda gakabije	Amabwiriza yihariye ku miti n'amagerageza agenzurwa yo guha abantu tiramine	Imikoranire izamura umuvuduko w'amaraso ifitanye isano n'ibiribwa ishobora kugira uburemere mu buvuzi	Ayo mabwiriza ntashyiraho imirire ijyanye na methylene blue
Methylene blue hamwe na tiramine mu magerageza yo muri laboratwari	Amagerageza kuri enzime zatunganyijwe no ku turemangingo tw'inyamaswa yasobanuwe haruguru	Impungenge zifite ishingiro ku kugabanuka kw'isenywa rya amine	Uko abantu bitwara nyuma y'ifunguro, ingano ntarengwa z'ibiribwa n'igihe bimara bitewe n'imiterere y'umuti n'uburyo ufatwa
Methylene blue iterwa mu mutsi hamwe n'imiti yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine	Raporo z'ubuvuzi n'imburi ishyirwa mu gasanduku mu mabwiriza ya PROVAYBLUE	Imikoranire ikomeye itera uburozi bwa serotonine kandi ishobora guhitana umuntu	Izi raporo ntizipima ibyago by'ibiribwa birimo tiramine
Umuti ufatwa mu kanwa urimo methylene blue hamwe n'imiti yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine	Raporo yatangajwe y'ibyabaye ku muntu umwe	Ntibikwiye gufatwa ko gufata umuti mu kanwa bikuraho ibyago by'uburozi bwa serotonine	Inshuro ibyo bibaho n'isano iri hagati y'ingano umubiri uhura na yo n'ingaruka, mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bifatwa mu kanwa
Gusiga ku ruhu, gushyira ku gice runaka cy'uturemangingo cyangwa ibicuruzwa bisobanurwa nk'ibifite “ingano nto”	Nta tegeko rusange ku mutekano w'ibiribwa ryashyizweho n'amasoko yasuzumwe hano	Uburyo bikoreshwa, imiterere yabyo, uko byinjira mu mubiri, ingano n'ikoreshwa risubirwamo bikeneye gusuzumwa ukwabyo	Igihe cyo kwirinda ibiribwa cyemejwe n'ibimenyetso cyangwa ingano ntarengwa idatera imikoranire

Amabwiriza ya PROVAYBLUE ariho ubu yerekeye umuti uterwa mu mutsi. Imburi yayo iri mu gasanduku ivuga ku ndwara iterwa na serotonine nyinshi iyo ihujwe n'imiti yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine n'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa opioid. Ntitanga gahunda y'imirire yerekeye tiramine. Kuba iyo gahunda itarimo cyangwa amabwiriza yerekeye igihe cyo gufata imiti ntibigomba guhindurwamo icyemezo cy'umutekano w'ibiribwa.

Gufata mu kanwa na byo bifite akamaro mu buvuzi: Zuschlag na bagenzi be batangaje uburozi bwa serotonine bwabaye nyuma yo gutangira umuti ufatwa mu kanwa ugabanya ububabare bwo mu nzira z'inkari kandi urimo methylene blue ku muntu wafataga imiti myinshi yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine. Ibyabaye ku muntu umwe ntibishobora kugaragaza inshuro ibyo bibaho cyangwa gutandukanya buri kintu cyabigizemo uruhare. Ariko bivuguruza igitekerezo cy'uko gufata mu kanwa bituma iyi mikoranire itagira icyo ivuze.

Ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko w'amaraso n'uburozi bwa serotonine ni ibibazo bitandukanye

Izamuka ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso riterwa na tiramine rifitanye isano n'ibikorwa birenze urugero bya sisitemu ya adrenergike n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora kuba ukomeye. Uburozi bwa serotonine bufitanye isano n'ibikorwa birenze urugero bya serotonine, kandi bushobora kubamo guhagarika umutima no kutaguma hamwe, umuriro, kubira ibyuya, gukomera cyangwa kwikanga kw'imikaya, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uhindagurika. Ibimenyetso byabyo bishobora guhura. Kubabara umutwe nyuma y'ifunguro ntibishobora byonyine kugaragaza uburyo byatewe.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa niba ufite ububabare bukabije bw'umutwe butangiye gitunguranye, ububabare bwo mu gatuza, intege nke zitari zisanzwe cyangwa kugorwa no kuvuga, kugwa hasi, cyangwa umuriro uherekejwe no kujijwa no gukomera cyane cyangwa kwikanga kw'imikaya nyuma y'imikoranire ikekwa. Ntutegereze kumenya ibiribwa byabiteye cyangwa kongera kubikora ngo urebe niba byongera kubaho. Zana igikoresho kirimo igicuruzwa n'urutonde rw'imiti ufata niba biboneka byoroshye.

Ku ikoreshwa riteganyijwe, ikibazo cy'ingirakamaro kigomba kuba gisobanutse: “Kuri iyi miterere y'umuti, ubu buryo bwo kuwufata, iyi ngano n'iki gihe cyo kuwukoresha, ni ayahe mabwiriza y'imirire akurikizwa, kandi ni ibihe bimenyetso bishyigikira igihe agomba kumara?” Ntuhagarike imiti wandikiwe kugira ngo ukurikize gahunda wabonye kuri interineti cyangwa ngo wumve ko bitekanye ushingiye ku magambo “ingano nto.”

Koresha urutonde rwo kugufasha kuganira n'umuganga kugira ngo wandike igicuruzwa n'ibyo umubiri uhura na byo. Inyandiko zitandukanye ku mikoranire ya methylene blue n'imiti no ku ngaruka ku muvuduko w'amaraso zisobanura ibyo bibazo by'ubuvuzi mu buryo burambuye. Ibibazo ku nzoga, kafeyine n'inyunganiramirire bireba ubundi buryo ibintu bikoramo, mu gihe ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho by'ubutumwa hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imyakura busobanura impamvu igisubizo cy'igerageza kuri enzime kidashobora guhanura ingano y'ibyo bikoresho mu muntu.