Methylene Blue mu Mavuta Arinda Izuba: Ubushakashatsi kuri UV n'Imbibi Zabwo

Ubutumwa bwo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga buvuga ko methylene blue ikora nk'amavuta arinda izuba. Bushingira ku bushakashatsi nyakuri aho iri rangi ryakiriye imirasire ya ultraviolet kandi rigabanya kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu twakurijwe muri laboratwari. Ubwo bushakashatsi burahari. Ariko umwanzuro babukuramo ntushingiye ku byo bwagaragaje.

Iki ni ikibazo gisanzwe kiboneka mu bivugwa ku buzima. Igipimo cyo muri laboratwari gifatwa nk'aho ari ikizamini cy'igicuruzwa. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza ibivugwa kuri methylene blue n'izuba, tandukanya ibibazo bitatu: ese molekile yakira UV, ese irinda uruhu ruzima izuba, kandi ese ni ikinyabutabire cyemewe cyo kurinda izuba mu gicuruzwa cyarangije gutunganywa? Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2021 busubiza igice cy'ikibazo cya mbere, butanga ibimenyetso ku cya kabiri mu turemangingo gusa, kandi ntibusubiza icya gatatu na gato.

Icyo ubushakashatsi bukunze kwifashishwa bwapimye

Inyandiko ikunze kuvugwa cyane ni ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2021 bwa Xiong na bagenzi be ku bushobozi bwa methylene blue bwo kurinda imirasire ya ultraviolet, bwanditswe kuri PubMed. Abanditsi batanze methylene blue nk'ikinyabutabire gishobora kwigwa kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu kurinda izuba, harimo no kuba cyasimbura oxybenzone. Ntibavuze ko bari bemeje amavuta arimo methylene blue akumira izuba kugira ngo akoreshwe ku bantu. Mu isesengura ryabo, bavuga ko hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi ku mutekano wayo mbere yo gusaba ko ishyirwa mu nyandiko y'amabwiriza agenga amavuta arinda izuba.

Ubushakashatsi bwose bwakorewe mbere y'igeragezwa ku bantu. Nta bantu bazima babwitabiriye, kandi nta mavuta arinda izuba yarangije gutunganywa yasizwe ku ruhu rw'umuntu. Abanditsi babiri bari bafitanye isano na Mblue Labs, kandi kaminuza n'iyo sosiyete bari baratanze ubusabe bahuriyeho bw'ipatanti kuri methylene blue nk'ikinyabutabire kirinda izuba. Inyungu z'ubucuruzi zatangajwe ntizitesha agaciro amakuru y'ubushakashatsi, ariko ni indi mpamvu yo gusoma witonze neza ibyapimwe.

Habanje gupimwa uko urumuri rwakirwa n'ibinyabutabire byashongeshejwe mu mazi. Itsinda ryagereranyije methylene blue iri mu mazi arimo umunyu na oxybenzone iri mu kinyabutabire kiyishongesha, ku burebure bw'umuraba kuva kuri 200 kugeza kuri 400 nanometers. Methylene blue yakiriye urumuri cyane kurushaho munsi ya hafi 310 nanometers, naho oxybenzone irwakira cyane kurushaho ku burebure bw'umuraba burenze aho. Uwo ni umwihariko wa molekile zashongeshejwe mu kintu gisukika. Si igipimo cy'amavuta yasizwe ku ruhu akora akarusho.

Hakurikijweho igerageza ku turemangingo. Uturemangingo dusanzwe tw'uruhu rw'umuntu two mu bwoko bwa keratinocytes twashyizwe muri methylene blue ya 100 nanomolar mu byumweru bibiri, hanyuma twerekwa UVB ifite imirasire myinshi cyane ku burebure bwa 302 nanometers. Uturemangingo twahawe methylene blue twagaragaje igisubizo gito ku kwangirika kwa DNA, cyapimwe hakoreshejwe gamma-H2AX, ndetse tukomeza kubaho neza kurushaho kandi tugaragaza ibimenyetso bike byo gusaza mu kizamini cyo kudusiga irangi ribigaragaza. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorewe icyarimwe kuri keratinocytes no ku matsinda ane y'uturemangingo tw'umuntu two mu bwoko bwa fibroblasts bwagaragaje kugabanuka kwa superoxide muri mitochondria no kwiyongera kw'igwirirana ry'uturemangingo. Igereranya ry'inyongera ryasanze oxybenzone ya 100 nanomolar itaratanze iyo nyungu ku turemangingo kuri icyo gipimo. Ariko igisukika gifite igipimo cya nanomolar gikikije uturemangingo twatandukanyijwe n'umubiri gipima uko uturemangingo twitwara iyo twangijwe, mu gihe akarusho k'amavuta arinda izuba kari ku ruhu gafata urumuri mbere y'uko rugera ku turemangingo. Byombi byitwa kurinda, ariko bipima imikorere itandukanye.

Igerageza ku makorali ryari rito kandi ryashingiye ku kwitegereza uko byifashe, aho gupima imibare. Uduce tw'ikorali yoroshye yitwa Xenia umbellata twashyizwe mu mazi y'inyanja arimo methylene blue ya 1 micromolar cyangwa oxybenzone ya 1 micromolar mu gihe cy'icyumweru hafi. Itsinda ryari muri oxybenzone ryarangiritse, naho iryari muri methylene blue ntiryangirika. Ibyo bireba gusa uko utwo duce twabayeho mu gihe gito. Si isuzuma ry'umutekano w'urusobe rw'amakorali, kandi nta cyo bivuga ku kurinda abantu izuba.

Hari ikintu kimwe mu mvugo gikwiye kwitabwaho. Incamake ivuga gukuraho ubwoko bwa ogisijeni bukora cyane mu turemangingo bwatewe na UVA, ariko uburyo ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje busobanura gahunda yo gukoresha imirasire ya UVB, nta gerageza rya UVA ryagenzuwe rihuye na byo. Gusoma utarengeje ibimenyetso byatanzwe bivuze ko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kugabanuka kw'iyangirika nyuma yo gushyira uturemangingo twakurijwe muri laboratwari mu mirasire ya UVB y'igerageza, hamwe n'imikorere irwanya okisidasiyo. Ntibwagaragaje mu buryo butaziguye ko bwabujije kuremwa kwa ROS ziterwa na UVA mu gihe cyo gukoresha UVA cyagenzuwe.

Abasomyi bashaka kumenya uko ubushakashatsi bujyanye no gusaza k'uruhu butandukanye n'igeragezwa ku bantu bashobora kubugereranya n'ibimenyetso ku mivange y'ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu, bitandukanya uturemangingo twakurijwe muri laboratwari, uruhu rwubatswe muri laboratwari, n'igeragezwa ry'igicuruzwa cyarangije gutunganywa.

Kugereranya ibimenyetso: ubwoko bw'ikizamini cya UV n'icyo gishobora kwemeza

Iyi mbonerahamwe ni yo shingiro ry'iyi nyandiko. Yifashishe kugira ngo umenye aho ikivugwa cyose ku mavuta arinda izuba arimo methylene blue gihagaze. Buri murongo werekana ikizamini, icyo igisubizo cyiza gishobora kwemeza, n'icyo hakenewe ikindi kizamini kugira ngo cyemezwe.

Ubwoko bw'ikizamini cya UV	Icyo gishobora kwemeza	Icyo kidashobora kwemeza
Igipimo cyo kwakira urumuri mu gisukika, 200 kugeza kuri 400 nm	Ko molekile yakira fotoni za UV mu gisukika ku bipimo byageragejwe	Ko amavuta arinda uruhu rw'umuntu, cyangwa SPF yayo, igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo kurinda UVA, cyangwa niba arinda ubwoko bwinshi bw'imirasire
Kubaho kwa keratinocytes zakurijwe muri laboratwari nyuma ya UVB	Ko uturemangingo twabanje guhabwa ikinyabutabire twihanganira neza kurushaho iyangirika ry'igerageza muri ibyo bihe	Ko akarusho gasizwe ku ruhu kabuza gutwikwa n'izuba cyangwa kwangirika kwa DNA mu ruhu rutangiritse
Ibipimo bya ROS n'igwirirana ry'uturemangingo	Imikorere irwanya okisidasiyo cyangwa iya redox muri urwo rusobe rw'uturemangingo	Ko iyangirika riterwa na okisidasiyo iturutse ku zuba rigabanuka mu bantu, cyangwa ko UVA ari yo yariteye nta kuyishyiramo mu bihe byagenzuwe
Kwitegereza uduce tw'amakorali mu minsi mike	Ingaruka z'igihe gito zigereranyijwe kuri utwo duce	Umutekano w'urusobe rw'amakorali muri rusange, cyangwa igisubizo icyo ari cyo cyose ku mikorere mu bantu
Amavuta arinda izuba yarangije gutunganywa yapimwe ku ruhu rw'umuntu cyangwa ku bisate bya PMMA	Kurinda gutukura k'uruhu, igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo kurinda UVA, uburebure bw'umuraba ntarengwa, no kudahinduka kw'uwo muvange iyo uhuye n'urumuri	Nta kirenze uwo muvange wapimwe, ingano yasizwe, n'imiterere y'imirasire yakoreshejwe

Imirongo yose ikurikiza umurongo umwe. Imirongo ibanza ipima ibinyabutabire cyangwa uturemangingo. Umurongo wa nyuma ni wo wonyine upima kurinda izuba. Ikivugwa ku mavuta arinda izuba arimo methylene blue gikeneye umurongo wa nyuma.

Kurinda urumuri si ikinyuranyo cyo gukangurwa n'urumuri, ariko ni imikorere itandukanye

Methylene blue ifite imikorere ibiri ijyanye n'urumuri isa n'ivuguruzanya, kandi yombi ni ukuri. Mu nsobe zimwe z'uturemangingo, ikora nk'umuhuza wa redox ufite ingaruka zirwanya okisidasiyo. Iyo imuriwe mu buryo buboneye, ikora nk'ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri kigatanga ubwoko bwa ogisijeni bukora cyane, harimo na ogisijeni ya singlet. Ubuvuzi bukoresha urumuri n'ikinyabutabire gikangurwa na rwo bukoresha nkana iyo mikorere ya kabiri kugira ngo bwangize uturemangingo cyangwa mikorobe bugamije, nk'uko bisuzumwa mu mikoreshereze ya methylene blue mu buvuzi bukoresha urumuri. Iyi ni na yo mpamvu methylene blue ikoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bitanga urumuri rutukura igomba gusuzumwa ukwabyo, nk'uko tubisobanura mu mfashanyigisho yacu ku buvuzi buhuza urumuri n'ibindi.

Itandukaniro rishingiye ku miterere y'igerageza: uburebure bw'umuraba, ingano y'urumuri, igipimo cy'ikinyabutabire, uko molekile zikusanyije, ogisijeni ihari, n'aho irangi riri ugereranyije n'ingirangingo nzima. Urumuri rutukura rwa hafi 630 kugeza kuri 670 nanometers ni rwo rukunze gukoreshwa mu gukangura methylene blue mu bushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi bukoresha urumuri. Urumuri rw'izuba rurimo imirasire ya UV, urumuri rugaragara, n'imirasire ya infrared icyarimwe; bityo akarusho gasizwe ku ruhu kahura n'urumuri ruvanze aho guhura n'uburebure bumwe bw'umuraba bwo muri laboratwari.

Akayunguruzo k'imirasire mu mavuta arinda izuba kagomba gufata UV yangiza, kakarekura ingufu zayo binyuze mu nzira zitangiza cyane, kandi kagakomeza kudahinduka. Ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri gikoresha ingufu za fotoni cyakiriye kugira ngo gitangize impinduka z'ibinyabutabire zitanga ubwoko bwabyo bukora cyane. Kwakira UV rero birakenewe ku kinyabutabire cyigwaho nk'akayunguruzo ka UV, ariko ntibihagije na gato. Inyandiko yo mu 2021 ntiyapimye niba akarusho ka methylene blue gasizwe ku ruhu kari munsi y'izuba gatanga ogisijeni ya singlet hafi y'uruhu ruzima, ibinyabutabire bishya bikomoka ku rumuri birema, cyangwa uko ubwoko bwayo bwakorewe okisidasiyo n'ubwambuwe ogisijeni bwitwara. Umuntu wese usuzuma ibivugwa ko methylene blue ikumira izuba agomba gufata ibyo bibazo nk'ibitarasubizwa kugeza igihe umuvange warangije gutunganywa upimiwe mu mirasire isa n'iy'izuba.

Methylene blue si ikinyabutabire cyemewe mu mavuta arinda izuba

Uko ikinyabutabire cyemewe n'amategeko bitandukanye n'icyizere gitangwa n'ibipimo byo muri laboratwari. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibinyabutabire birinda izuba mu bicuruzwa bigurwa nta rupapuro rwa muganga bigaragara muri OTC Monograph M020. Methylene blue ntiri kuri urwo rutonde. Mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, ibiyungurura UV bikoreshwa mu kwisiga bigomba kuba biri ku Mugereka VI w'Amabwiriza 1223/2009. Methylene blue si akayunguruzo ka UV kemewe mu Mugereka VI.

Kwemerwa mu bundi buryo ntibihita byimurirwa kuri ubu. Methylene blue itangwa mu mutsi ifite imikoreshereze yemewe nk'umuti, kandi iri rangi rifite imikoreshereze mu gusuzuma no mu bikorwa by'ubuvuzi, ivugwa mu incamake yacu y'imikoreshereze yemewe n'ikiri gukorwaho ubushakashatsi. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kigihindura ikinyabutabire cyemewe cyo kurinda izuba. Kwemerwa mu mavuta arinda izuba bireba ikinyabutabire runaka, mu bwoko runaka bw'igicuruzwa, no mu buryo runaka bwo kugikoresha.

Ibyakenerwa kugira ngo kurinda izuba byemezwe

Igicuruzwa cya methylene blue cyarangije gutunganywa kivuga ko gifite SPF cyangwa kirinda ubwoko bwinshi bw'imirasire cyakenera urukurikirane rw'ibizamini bisanzwe by'amavuta arinda izuba, bikorerwa kuri uwo muvange warangije gutunganywa. SPF ipimwa ku bantu: igicuruzwa gisigwa ku rugero rwa 2 milligrams per square centimeter, kigashyirwa mu mirasire y'igikoresho cyigana izuba ya 290 kugeza kuri 400 nanometers, hakurikijwe uburyo nka ISO 24444 yo gupima SPF ku bantu bazima. Igipimwa ni ugutukura k'uruhu, ahanini guterwa na UVB. Nta gerageza ku turemangingo rishobora kugisimbura.

Kurinda UVA bisaba igipimo cyabyo bwite, aho kubyemeza hashingiwe ku buryo igisukika cyakira urumuri. Mu mikorere mpuzamahanga, hakoreshwa gupima ubushobozi bwo kurinda UVA ku bantu bazima hakurikijwe ISO 24442, gusuzuma muri laboratwari hakurikijwe ISO 24443, cyangwa byombi. Amabwiriza yo mu Burayi asaba ko ubushobozi bwo kurinda UVA buba nibura kimwe cya gatatu cya SPF yanditse ku kirango.

Uburebure bw'umuraba ntarengwa bupima aho uburinzi bugera mu mirasire ya UVA, bugenwa hashingiwe ku kwakira urumuri kw'akarusho k'igicuruzwa cyarangije gutunganywa. 370 nanometers ni wo mupaka usabwa kugira ngo cyitwe ikirinda ubwoko bwinshi bw'imirasire mu buryo bwo gupima buteganywa n'inyandiko y'amabwiriza agenga amavuta arinda izuba. Irangi ryashongeshejwe mu mazi arimo umunyu ntirishobora gutanga icyo gipimo. Kudahinduka iyo gihuye n'urumuri na byo bigomba kugeragezwa mu buryo butaziguye, babanje gushyira akarusho k'igicuruzwa mu mirasire, hanyuma bagapima uburinzi busigaye. Igihe ibyo bizamini bitarakorerwa ku mavuta nyirizina, kuvuga amavuta arinda izuba arimo methylene blue adahinduka ni ugukeka.

Igeragezwa ku bantu rifata kandi ibyo ubushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari butabona: niba akarusho kirema ku buryo bungana, niba icyuya kagakuraho, niba irangi risigara ku ruhu rituma kugisiga neza bidashoboka cyane, n'iba hagaragara uburozi buterwa n'urumuri. Gusiga uruhu ubururu si ikintu gito hano. Ibara rigaragara ritangana rishobora kwerekana ko amavuta atasizwe ku buryo bungana, kandi kuyasiga ku buryo butangana bigabanya uburinzi.

Uko wafata ibivugwa ku izuba mu bikorwa

Fata methylene blue nk'ikinyabutabire gishimishije kigikorwaho ubushakashatsi kuri UV, ariko kidafite igicuruzwa cyemejwe cyo kurinda izuba. Ntugafate igisukika, icyagaragajwe muri laboratwari, cyangwa ibyitegerejwe ku makorali nk'ibisimbura amavuta arinda izuba yapimwe. Ntukavange irangi n'amavuta abobeza uruhu cyangwa andi mavuta ngo ukore amavuta arinda izuba mu rugo. Iyi nyandiko ntitanga uburyo bwo kuyakora, kuko koroshya umuvange, kuwugira umwe hose, kuwugira udahinduka, kuwurinda kwangirika, ingano yo gusiga, n'impinduka z'ibinyabutabire ziterwa n'urumuri bidashobora kugenzurwa mu rugo. Imfashanyigisho ku bigize igisukika isobanura impamvu igisukika cyarangije gutunganywa kirenze kuba irangi rivanze n'amazi. Kugira ngo wirinde izuba mu buryo nyabwo, jya mu gicucu, wambare imyenda ikurinda, kandi ukoreshe amavuta arinda izuba afite ikirango cyerekana SPF yapimwe n'uburinzi ku bwoko bwinshi bw'imirasire cyangwa kuri UVA, aho bikwiye.

Kugira ngo wirinde izuba mu buryo nyabwo, koresha uburyo bufite ibimenyetso bitaziguye: igicucu, imyenda ikurinda, n'amavuta arinda izuba afite ikirango cyerekana SPF yapimwe n'uburinzi ku bwoko bwinshi bw'imirasire cyangwa kuri UVA, aho bikwiye. Ku bibazo bya methylene blue bijyanye no kumira irangi kugira ngo wirinde izuba, menya ko kurinda urumuri binyuze mu byo umuntu amira ari ikivugwa cyihariye gisaba amagerageza yacyo bwite. Menya kandi ko kuyikoresha ikagera mu mubiri wose bifite ibibazo byo gukorana n'indi miti n'ibihe bibuza kuyikoresha, byavunaguwe mu isesengura ryacu ry'umutekano n'imikoranire. Abasomyi basuzuma uburyo buhuza urumuri n'ibindi bagomba gutandukanya isuzuma ry'amavuta arinda izuba n'ibimenyetso ku buvuzi bukoresha urumuri n'ikinyabutabire gikangurwa na rwo, aho urumuri rufatanyije n'irangi bigamije kwangiza ikintu runaka aho kurinda uruhu.