Inyungu z’ubururu bwa methylene: ibimenyetso ku bantu n’aho bigarukira

Ubururu bwa methylene bufite ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ryagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso, ariko ibyo ntibyemeza ko ari inyongera ikoreshwa mu guteza imbere ubuzima muri rusange. Ubushakashatsi ku bantu burimo amagerageza mato ku kwibuka no ku mikorere y’ubwonko mu gutunganya no gukoresha ingufu, ubushakashatsi ku matsinda yihariye y’abarwayi, n’ibisubizo bidahuye n’ibivugwa cyane ku kongera ingufu. Ikibazo cy’ingirakamaro ni iki: inyungu kuri nde, ipimwa hakoreshejwe ikihe gisubizo?

Umuti ushobora gukosora imikorere runaka iterwa n’indwara, ariko ntuteze imbere imikorere isanzwe ari mizima. Impinduka ku ishusho y’ubwonko ishobora kwerekana ko ikinyabutabire gikora, ariko ntiyerekane ko umuntu atekereza neza kurushaho. Kuzirikana iryo tandukaniro bihindura uko dusobanukirwa ibimenyetso.

Ni iyihe nyungu yemejwe?

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, amakuru yo kwandikira abarwayi ProvayBlue iterwa mu mutsi agaragaza ko ikoreshwa mu kuvura methemoglobinemia itari iya kavukire mu bantu bakuru no mu bana. Muri iyi ndwara, okisidasiyo ihindura hemoglobine ku buryo itabasha gutwara ogisijeni uko bisanzwe. Ubururu bwa methylene bufasha gusubiza iyo hemoglobine yahindutse mu miterere ishobora gukora.

Ubu ni ubuvuzi bwihariye bufite uko umuti utegurwa, uburyo utangwa, isuzuma ry’indwara n’ikurikiranwa bisobanutse. Ibi ntibivuze ko umuti w’amazi ugurishwa wo kunywa wongera ogisijeni igezwa mu mubiri cyangwa uteza imbere ubuzima bw’umuntu udafite methemoglobinemia. Iri tandukaniro rireba ibyagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso, si ukumenya niba iki kinyabutabire kigira icyo gikora mu mubiri.

Imbonerahamwe y’ibimenyetso kuri buri nyungu ivugwa

Iyi mbonerahamwe itandukanya ibisubizo ku barwayi n’ibipimo byafashwe mu igerageza. Ni incamake y’ibimenyetso byatoranyijwe, si urutonde rw’uburyo bwose bwavuzwe ko iki kinyabutabire cyakoreshwamo. Igisubizo cyiza kireba imiterere y’ubushakashatsi yagaragajwe.

Inyungu ivugwa	Abakorewe ubushakashatsi n’uko bwakozwe	Icyapimwe n’icyabonetse	Imbogamizi nyamukuru
Kuvura methemoglobinemia itari iya kavukire	Abantu bakuru n’abana bahabwa umuti wanditswe na muganga, uterwa mu mutsi	Gusubiza hemoglobine mu miterere ikora ni byo shingiro ry’ikoreshwa ryemewe ryavuzwe haruguru	Ni ubuvuzi bw’indwara yihariye, si ibimenyetso byo guteza imbere ubuzima muri rusange
Kunoza kwibuka cyangwa kwitondera ibintu	Igerageza ryo mu 2016 ryagabanyije abantu mu matsinda ku buryo bwa tombola: abantu bakuru 26 bafite ubuzima bwiza; guhabwa umuti rimwe banywa bigereranywa no guhabwa placebo; gupimwa nyuma y’isaha imwe	Impinduka mu mikorere y’ubwonko ijyanye n’igikorwa; kwiyongera kwa hafi 7% mu bisubizo by’ukuri byo kwibuka mu itsinda ryahawe ubururu bwa methylene	Igereranya ry’impinduka mu bikorwa hashingiwe ku muti n’igihe ntiryari rifite agaciro gahagije mu mibare y’ibarurishamibare, P = .09; igihe cyo gusubiza mu kizamini cyo kwitondera ibintu nticyateye imbere
Kongera ingufu z’ubwonko	Igerageza ryo mu 2023 aho abaryitabiriye bahinduranyaga ibyo bahabwaga: abagore umunani bafite ubuzima bwiza; ubururu bwa methylene bwatewe mu mutsi ku nzego ebyiri z’ingano igera mu mubiri, na placebo, ku minsi itandukanye	Amaraso agera mu bwonko n’ikigereranyo cy’ogisijeni bukoreshwa byaragabanutse	Ubushakashatsi buto ku mikorere y’umubiri mu gihe gito; si igerageza ry’umuti wo kunywa ugamije guteza imbere ubuzima, kandi si gihamya y’ingaruka mbi cyangwa inyungu mu buvuzi
Kugabanya kwiheba cyangwa guhangayika	Igerageza rya Alda na bagenzi be ku ndwara ya bipolar: abaryitabiriye 37 bafataga lamotrigine; mu mezi atandatu, bahinduranyaga urugero rwo hejuru n’urwo hasi rw’umuti banywaga	Ibimenyetso byo kwiheba no guhangayika byari bisigaye byaragabanutse; impinduka ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza ntizari zifite agaciro gahagije mu mibare y’ibarurishamibare	Ubuvuzi bwiyongera ku bundi mu itsinda ry’abarwayi batoranyijwe; bwagereranyijwe n’urugero rwo hasi rw’umuti ukora; ntibwemeza ko buteza imbere imimerere y’amarangamutima muri rusange
Kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer	Igerageza rya LMTM ryo mu cyiciro cya 3 mu 2016: abarwayi 891 bafite indwara yoroheje cyangwa iri ku rwego ruringaniye; amezi 15	Isesengura ry’ibanze ryateganyijwe mbere ntiryasanze inyungu ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza cyangwa ku bikorwa bya buri munsi ku ngero zo hejuru, ugereranyije n’itsinda ryahawe urugero rwo hasi	LMTM ni umuti uteguwe mu buryo bwihariye ukoresheje methylthioninium yagabanyijwe mu buryo bwa shimi; ibisubizo byawo ntibishobora kwemeza agaciro k’ibitonyanga by’ubururu bwa methylene bigurishwa
Kunoza gukira ihungabana ry’umubiri riterwa na sepsis	Igerageza ryo mu 2023 ryakorewe mu kigo kimwe: abarwayi 91 basesenguwe; umuti uterwa mu mutsi wongerewe ku buvuzi bw’indembe, ugereranywa na placebo	Agaciro ko hagati k’igihe cyafashe kugira ngo imiti izamura umuvuduko w’amaraso ihagarikwe kari amasaha 69 ugereranyije na 94	Impfu zari ku rwego rusa; igerageza ntiryari rifite ubushobozi bw’ibarurishamibare buhagije bwo kwemeza inyungu mu kurokoka; byakorewe mu buvuzi bwo mu bitaro
Gutindiza gusaza k’uruhu	Amagerageza yo mu 2017 ku ngirabuzimafatizo za fibroblast no ku ruhu rwubatswe muri laboratwari: ingirabuzimafatizo z’abantu zororewe muri laboratwari n’ingero z’uduce tw’umubiri twubatswe mu bipimo bitatu	Impinduka zarimo kugabanuka kw’ibyangizwa na okisidasiyo, no kwiyongera kw’amazi n’umubyimba mu ruhu rw’igerageza	Ibikoresho bikomoka ku muntu si igerageza rikorerwa ku bantu; nta bimenyetso biri hano by’uko kunywa ubururu bwa methylene bigabanya iminkanyari
Kongera igihe abantu bamara babaho	Isesengura ryo mu 2021 ku kurwanya gusaza rivuga ku buryo iki kinyabutabire gikora, amagerageza ku ngirabuzimafatizo, ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa n’ubushakashatsi bwatoranyijwe mu buvuzi	Impamvu zo mu mikorere y’umubiri zituma byashoboka, n’ingaruka zijyanye no gusaza zabonetse mu igerageza	Iri sesengura si igerageza ku gihe abantu bamara babaho; ibyabonetse rivuga ntibyemeza ko abantu babaho igihe kirekire

Ubushakashatsi ku kwibuka bugaragaza iki mu by’ukuri?

Umubare wa 7% ugomba kujyana n’icyo wagereranyijwe na cyo. Gutera imbere ugereranyije n’ibipimo by’ibanze by’itsinda ubwaryo si kimwe no kugira inyungu yagaragajwe ugereranyije na placebo. Gusubiramo igikorwa bishobora kunoza uko umuntu agikora kubera ko aba amaze kukimenyera; iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu itsinda ryo kugereranya ari ngombwa.

Mu igerageza ryavuzwe haruguru, igereranya ry’impinduka mu matsinda hakoreshejwe ibarurishamibare ntiryageze ku rwego rusanzwe rwemeza ko itandukaniro rifite agaciro gahagije. Ibyo ntibihamya ko nta ngaruka zabayeho. Bituma ibyabonetse ku bikorwa by’abantu biba ibimenyetso by’ibanze. Kwiyongera kw’imikorere ijyanye n’igikorwa kugaragara mu mashusho y’ubwonko na byo ntibyemeza ko umuntu arushaho kwitondera ibintu bya buri munsi, gukora neza akazi, cyangwa kurindwa indwara yo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no gutekereza. Reba isesengura ry’ibimenyetso ku kwibuka n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza kugira ngo ubone isuzuma rya buri gisubizo cyapimwe.

Ubururu bwa methylene bwongera ingufu?

“Ingufu” zishobora gusobanura kumva utarushye cyane, gukora ATP nyinshi mu ngirabuzimafatizo, gukoresha ogisijeni nyinshi, cyangwa gukora imyitozo igihe kirekire. Ibi ni ibisubizo bitandukanye bipimwa. Ibimenyetso kuri kimwe ntibishobora gusimbura ibya kindi hatabayeho ibisobanuro.

Ubushakashatsi ku bagore umunani ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko abashakashatsi bari biteze ko imikorere y’ubwonko mu gutunganya no gukoresha ingufu yiyongera, ariko babona ibinyuranye na byo. Andi magerageza atandukanye ku mbeba na yo yabonye kugabanuka kw’amaraso atembera no gutunganya no gukoresha glucose mu miterere yageragejwe. Abanditsi baganiriye ku ngaruka zihinduka bitewe n’urugero rw’umuti, no ku bishoboka ko ubwonko buzima bwitwara mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwangiritse.

Ibi ntibigaragaza urundi rwego rw’ingano igera mu mubiri rwongera ingufu ku buryo bwizewe. Gutera umuti mu mutsi no kuwunywa na byo bituma ingano yawo igera mu mubiri n’uko ihinduka mu gihe bitandukana. Ubu bushakashatsi bushyigikira kugerageza mu buryo butaziguye uko umuti ukora, aho gufata ko imikorere ya mitokondiriya ihora yiyongera. Isesengura ryacu ry’ibimenyetso kuri mitokondiriya risuzuma iri tandukaniro mu buryo burambuye.

Impamvu ibisubizo ku nyamaswa no ku ngirabuzimafatizo bidatanga umwanzuro ku bivugwa ku buzima

Amagerageza abanziriza ubushakashatsi ku bantu afasha kumenya uburyo ikinyabutabire gikora no guhitamo ibikwiriye kugeragezwa ku bantu. Ashobora kugenzura neza ingano y’ikinyabutabire ikikije ingirabuzimafatizo, guteza inyamaswa ukwiyangirika kwihariye, cyangwa gupima impinduka mu duce tw’umubiri zidashobora kwigwa ku bantu mu buryo bworoshye.

Izo mbaraga na zo zigabanya uko ibisubizo byakoreshwa ku bantu. Kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo yashyizwe mu mimerere iyangiza mu igerageza ntibigaragaza ko umuntu mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza azumva amerewe neza kurushaho. Urugero rw’uruhu rwubatswe muri laboratwari ntirwigana itembera ry’amaraso ry’umuntu, uko umubiri we utunganya ibinyabutabire, imiti akoresha, cyangwa ibyo yahuye na byo mu myaka myinshi. Ubushakashatsi ku ruhu ni urugero rusobanutse: kuba uruhu rukomoka ku muntu ntibihindura ibipimo by’uduce tw’umubiri byo muri laboratwari ngo bibe ibisubizo byo kunoza isura byagaragajwe ku bantu.

Mu buryo bumwe, isesengura rifite amagambo “kurwanya gusaza” mu mutwe waryo rishobora kuvuga incamake y’amagerageza atanga icyizere, ariko ntiryemeze kubaho igihe kirekire. Tandukanya igisubizo kivugwa n’icyapimwe koko. Isesengura ry’ibimenyetso ku kuramba no kurwanya gusaza rikurikirana iki kibazo mu bushakashatsi.

Inyungu ziratandukanye ku bagabo no ku bagore?

Ubushakashatsi buhari ntibwemeza inyungu zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ubuzima muri rusange hashingiwe ku gitsina. Itsinda ry’abagore gusa ryakorewe ubushakashatsi ku mikorere y’umubiri ritubwira abaryitabiriye; ridafite abagabo bo kugereranya na bo, ntirishobora kwerekana igisubizo cyihariye ku bagore. Ubushakashatsi bwitabirwa n’ibitsina byombi na bwo bukenera umubare uhagije w’abitabiriye n’igereranya ryateganyijwe mbere yo gushyigikira ko ingaruka zitandukanye.

Ku bagabo, ubushakashatsi bwasuzumwe hano ntibwemeza inyungu kuri testosterone, ubushobozi bwo kororoka, cyangwa ubushobozi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ku bagore, ntibwemeza kugabanya ibibazo byo gucura cyangwa kuringaniza imisemburo. Ishakisha ryihariye ry’amagerageza kuri testosterone no ku gucura ntiryabonye ibimenyetso by’ubuvuzi ku bantu byemeza neza ibyo bivugwa. Ibi bivuga ku bimenyetso byabonetse, si gihamya ko ingaruka zose zishoboka zavanyweho.

Gutwita bihindura isuzuma ry’ibyago: amakuru y’umuti wandikirwa abarwayi aburira ko ushobora kwangiza umwana uri mu nda. Kuvuga muri rusange ko hari “inyungu ku bagore” ntibivanaho icyo kibazo.

Ni byiza kuri wowe?

Nta nyungu rusange yagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso isubiza iki kibazo kuri buri musomyi. Igisubizo ugamije, uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, uburyo umuti utangwa n’indi miti ufata byose ni ngombwa. Amakuru y’umuti wandikirwa abarwayi abuza kuwukoresha ku bafite ibura rya G6PD kubera ibyago byo kugira ubuke bw’amaraso buterwa no gusenyuka kw’insoro zitukura, kandi aburira ibyago bya sindorome ikomeye ya serotonine igihe ukoreshwa hamwe n’imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine n’iyo mu bwoko bwa opioids. Soma incamake y’ingaruka mbi n’igihe umuti udakwiye gukoreshwa hamwe n’inyungu iyo ari yo yose ivugwa.

Mbere yo gufata ubushakashatsi bwabonye igisubizo cyiza nk’inama ikureba ku giti cyawe, menya abakorewe ubushakashatsi, icyagereranyijwe, igisubizo cyapimwe n’igihe bakurikiranwe. Baza niba igisubizo kireba ibimenyetso by’indwara cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi, cyangwa niba ari igipimo cyo muri laboratwari gusa. Mu kiganiro n’umuganga, jyana ubushakashatsi nyirizina n’amakuru arambuye y’igicuruzwa, ukoresheje ibi bibazo wabaza ku bururu bwa methylene. Ntuhindure imiti wandikiwe kugira ngo ushobore gukurikiza gahunda y’igerageza yo guteza imbere ubuzima.