Inyandiko
Ingano y'ubururu bwa metilene: gusobanukirwa mg, mL, ijanisha n'ibitonyanga
Nta mubare rusange w'ibitonyanga by'ubururu bwa metilene byo gufata ubaho. Kugena igipimo cyo gutanga bisaba kumenya impamvu yo gukoresha umuti, uko wakozwe, inzira unyuzwamo, isuzuma ry'umurwayi n'amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi. Ikirango cy'igipimo cy'ubwinshi gisubiza ikibazo gifite imbibi: ingano y'ubururu bwa metilene iri mu rugero rwagenwe rw'uruvange.
Uruvange rwa 1% w/v rurimo 10 mg muri buri mililitiro. Uko guhindura ibipimo ntikugaragaza niba umuntu akwiye kurukoresha, ingano akwiye guhabwa cyangwa inshuro akwiye kuyihabwa. Aya mabwiriza asobanura ibyerekeye gupima kugira ngo ikirango cyangwa amabwiriza bigenzurwe, hatabayeho gufata imibare nk'inama y'ubuvuzi.
Ibipimo bine byoroshye kwitiranya
| Imvugo | Icyo isobanura | Icyo itakubwira |
|---|---|---|
| mg | Uburemere bw'ikinyabutabire cyavuzwe | Ingano y'igisukika kirimo icyo kinyabutabire |
| mL | Ingano y'uruvange | Uburemere bw'ubururu bwa metilene utazi igipimo cy'ubwinshi bwabwo |
| mg/mL | Uburemere muri buri mililitiro | Ingano ikwiye gutangwa |
| mg/kg | Uburemere bw'ikinyabutabire ugereranyije n'uburemere bw'umubiri | Inzira kinyuzwamo, inshuro gitangwa, igihe gikoreshwa cyangwa niba gikwiriye |
Garama imwe ingana na miligarama 1,000. Mililitiro imwe ingana na mikorolitiro 1,000. Uku guhindura ibipimo guhuza ibipimo by'ikintu kimwe. Miligarama na mililitiro bipima ibintu bitandukanye, bihuzwa n'igipimo cy'ubwinshi bw'ikinyabutabire mu ruvange.
Ku ruvange rumeze kimwe hose:
Ingano muri mg = igipimo cy'ubwinshi muri mg/mL × ingano yapimwe muri mL
Ibipimo bya volimi birakurwamo. Igisubizo ni uburemere bw'ikinyabutabire buri muri icyo gice cyapimwe, rimwe na rimwe cyitwa aliquot. Iyi mibare ntihinduka bitewe n'uko icyo gice kigenewe isesengura, gutera ibara cyangwa umuti wanditswe na muganga; kumenya ikoreshwa ryemewe bisaba andi makuru.
Soma icyo ijanisha rishingiyeho
Inyuguti zikurikira ijanisha zigaragaza igipimo gishingirwaho. Ibikoresho bya Avantor byifashishwa mu gushakisha amakuru bitandukanya ibigize uruvange hashingiwe ku buremere, kuri volimi no ku buremere kuri volimi.
1% w/v bivuga 1 g y'ikinyabutabire cyavuzwe gishongeshejwe muri 100 mL z'uruvange rwa nyuma. Guhindura garama mo miligarama bitanga 1,000 mg ÷ 100 mL, cyangwa 10 mg/mL. “Uruvange rwa nyuma” ni uruvange rwose nyuma yo gushongesha, si ingano y'amazi mbere yo kongeramo ikinyabutabire gishongeshwa.
1% w/w bivuga 1 g y'ikinyabutabire gishongeshejwe muri 100 g z'uruvange rwose. Bisobanura uburemere ugereranyije n'uburemere. Kugira ngo ubare ibiri muri volimi yapimwe, ukeneye kandi ubucucike bw'uruvange rwamaze gutegurwa muri g/mL. Ubucucike bw'ifu yumye ntibutanga ayo makuru.
Niba ikirango kivuga gusa “1%,” reba inyandiko y'ibisobanuro ijyana na cyo kugira ngo umenye icyo iryo janisha rishingiyeho cyangwa igipimo cya mg/mL cyanditswe neza. Ntugahitemo icyo rishingiyeho utabigenzuye kubera ko umubare usa n'uri ku kirango cy'ikindi gicuruzwa.
Ingero zo kubara ingano hashingiwe ku gipimo cy'ubwinshi
Iyi mbonerahamwe y'umwimerere yo kugereranya ikoresha ingero zitekerejwe z'uruvange rumeze kimwe hose. Volimi zapimwe zatoranyijwe kugira ngo zerekane uko imibare ikorwa. Izi ni ingano z'ikinyabutabire kiri mu ruvange, si ibipimo byo gufata bisabwa cyangwa gahunda yo kubifata.
| Igipimo cy'ubwinshi cyavuzwe n'icyo gishingiyeho | Volimi yapimwe | Andi makuru | Imibare | Ingano irimo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1% w/v = 1 mg/mL | 0.5 mL | Nta yandi akenewe | 1 mg/mL × 0.5 mL | 0.5 mg |
| 0.5% w/v = 5 mg/mL | 1 mL | Nta yandi akenewe | 5 mg/mL × 1 mL | 5 mg |
| 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 1 mL | Nta yandi akenewe | 10 mg/mL × 1 mL | 10 mg |
| 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 0.5 mL | Nta yandi akenewe | 10 mg/mL × 0.5 mL | 5 mg |
| 1% w/w | 0.5 mL | Ubucucike bw'uruvange butekerejwe: 1.04 g/mL | 0.5 mL × 1.04 g/mL × 0.01 × 1,000 mg/g | 5.2 mg |
| 1% w/w | 0.5 mL | Ubucucike ntibuzwi | Volimi ntirashobora guhindurwa mo uburemere bw'uruvange | Ntibishobora kumenyekana |
Imirongo ya kabiri n'iya gatatu isobanura ishusho iri ku gifuniko: volimi zingana zishobora kuba zirimo ingano zitandukanye. Imirongo ya kabiri n'iya kane yerekana ibinyuranye n'ibyo: volimi zitandukanye zishobora kuba zirimo ingano imwe. Amabwiriza ya volimi ntashobora kwimurirwa ku ruvange rufite ikindi gipimo cy'ubwinshi utabanje kugenzura imibare.
Urugero rwa w/w rukoresha ubucucike bwatekerejwe kugira ngo rwigishe, si ikintu cyapimwe ku gicuruzwa cya Blupreme. Igice cyarwo cya 0.5 mL gipima 0.52 g; ijanisha rimwe ry'ubwo buremere ni 0.0052 g, cyangwa 5.2 mg. Iyo ubucucike butazwi, igisubizo cya mg gisa n'igisobanutse neza cyaba gihishe ikintu cyafashwe nk'ukuri kidafite gihamya.
Koresha igikoresho cyo guhindura ibipimo by'ubwinshi bw'ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo ugenzure uko ibi bipimo bihuzwa, ukoresheje amakuru yawe afite inyandiko ziyemeza. Kibara uburemere bw'ikinyabutabire kirimo; ntigihitamo igipimo umuntu afata.
Impamvu kubara ibitonyanga bisiga igipimo kibura
Igitonyanga gikorwa n'igisukika hamwe n'igikoresho kigitanga, mu buryo runaka bwo kugikoresha. Ntigihita kingana na 0.05 mL, kandi igikoresho gitonyanga cyuzuye ntigihita kingana na 1 mL.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa Brown na bagenzi be bwo mu 2004 ku bikoresho bitonyanga imiti inyuzwa mu kanwa y'abana, abashakashatsi bapimye ibicuruzwa by'imiti n'ibisukika byateguwe, muri laboratwari no hamwe n'abakorerabushake. Guhengamisha igikoresho gitonyanga kigana kuri dogere 45 uvuye ku murongo uhagaze byagabanyije volimi gitanga kandi byongera itandukaniro hagati y'ibipimo. Ubu bwari ubushakashatsi ku gikoresho, si ukwemeza icupa iryo ari ryo ryose ry'ubururu bwa metilene cyangwa igerageza ry'ibipimo byo gutanga mu buvuzi.
Kugira ngo ubare impuzandengo y'uburemere muri buri gitonyanga, hakenewe igipimo cy'ubwinshi n'impuzandengo yapimwe ya volimi y'igitonyanga. Kugenzura no kugena ibipimo bigomba gukorwa ku gikoresho gitanga ibitonyanga no ku gisukika byifashishwa. Umubare w'ibitonyanga wakuwe ku rindi cupa utakaza iryo sano, nubwo amacupa yombi yaba yanditseho ijanisha rimwe.
Iyo wandikiwe umuti w'amazi wo gufata mu kanwa, saba umuhanga mu by'imiti kwemeza igikoresho kiboneye cyo gupima gifite ibimenyetso by'ibipimo, na volimi ihuye n'ibyo wandikiwe. Inama za FDA ku mutekano w'imiti y'amazi zikoresha mililitiro n'ibimenyetso by'ibipimo bihuye na zo ku gikoresho. Andika 0.5 mL, ushyire zeru imbere, kugira ngo akadomo katabonetse katagira amahirwe menshi yo gutuma bisomwa nka 5 mL. Amabwiriza yo gusoma ibipimo ku gikoresho gitonyanga asobanura uko wasoma ibimenyetso biriho. Ntugereranye volimi iri munsi y'ibipimo bishobora gusomwa kuri icyo gikoresho.
Ibipimo byo mu buvuzi bifite imiterere yihariye bishingiraho
Amakuru yo muri Amerika yerekeye kwandika umuti PROVAYBLUE asobanura umuti wa 5 mg/mL unyuzwa mu mutsi, ugenewe methemoglobinemia itavutse ku muntu mu bakuru no mu bana. Igipimo cya mbere cyanditse ku kirango ni 1 mg/kg, gitangwa n'abakozi b'ubuvuzi mu gihe cya minota 5 kugeza kuri 30. Ubuvuzi bukurikiraho bushingira ku uko umurwayi yitabiriye ubuvuzi, ku isuzuma ryo muri laboratwari no ku mikorere y'impyiko.
Iyo mpamvu yo gukoresha umuti, inzira unyuzwamo no gukurikirana umurwayi ni bimwe mu bigize gahunda y'ubuvuzi. Ikirango ntikigena igipimo cyo gufata mu kanwa buri munsi hagamijwe imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza cyangwa kuramba. Guhindura umubare wacyo wa mg/kg mo ibitonyanga byagumana imibare ariko bikavanaho ishingiro ryo mu buvuzi ryo gukoresha uwo muti. Amabwiriza yerekeye inshinge z'ubururu bwa metilene n'uburyo bwo kubutonyangiriza mu mutsi asobanura impamvu uburyo umuti wakozwemo na bwo bufite akamaro.
Icyo kirango nanone kibuza gukoresha umuti ku bantu bafite ibura rya G6PD kubera ibyago by'ibura ry'amaraso riterwa no gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, kiburira ku ndwara ikomeye iterwa na serotonine iyo ukoreshejwe hamwe n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine n'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa opioids, kandi kigaragaza ibyago bijyanye no gutwita. Ingano nto yapimwe ntihamya ko umuti ukwiriye umuntu. Amabwiriza ku mutekano w'ubururu bwa metilene asobanura mu buryo burambuye imimerere y'ubuzima n'imikoranire n'indi miti bifitanye isano na byo.
Tuma amabwiriza ashobora kugenzurwa
Mbere yo gusobanura amabwiriza ayo ari yo yose, andika ibi bintu hamwe:
- Ibiranga igicuruzwa: uko cyakozwe, inzira yo kugikoresha yanditse ku kirango n'amakuru yose ku gipimo cy'ubwinshi bwacyo.
- Icyo igipimo cy'ubwinshi gishingiyeho: mg/mL, w/v cyangwa w/w, hamwe n'ubucucike bw'uruvange niba bukenewe.
- Igipimo: mL zigenewe gupimwa n'igikoresho gishobora gupima neza iyo volimi.
- Amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi, niba umuti wanditswe: ingano, inzira unyuzwamo, inshuro ufatwa, igihe ukoreshwa n'uwawanditse.
Niba igipimo cy'ubwinshi cyangwa ishingiro ry'igipimo bibura, banza ubisobanure mbere yo gukoresha imibare. Niba amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi abura, imbonerahamwe yo guhindura ibipimo ntishobora kuyatanga.