Tuhinga
Te puru methylene, te methylfolate, me te methyl-B12: he pūhui rerekē, he mahi rerekē
Ehara te puru methylene i te methylfolate, i te methyl-B12 rānei. He momo huaora B9 te methylfolate; ko te methyl-B12 te methylcobalamin, he momo huaora B12. Ka whai wāhi ēnei huaora ki tētahi tauhohenga matū koiora kotahi. He waikano waihanga, he matū rongoā hoki te puru methylene, ā, he rerekē tōna matū. Ehara i te kaituku methyl ā-taiora, i te whakakapi rānei mō tētahi o aua huaora.
Nā te ōrite o ngā ingoa ka āhua pono ai tētahi whakapae kāore he taunakitanga: mēnā he “methyl” kei roto i tētahi mea, tērā pea ka whakapiki i te “whakamethyltanga.” Kāore e taea e tētahi ingoa matū te whakaū i taua mahi. Ko ngā pātai whai take, he aha te mahi a te rāpoi ngota i roto i tētahi tauhohenga motuhake, ā, kua whakaaturia rānei he painga o taua mahi mō te tangata e whakaaro ana ki te whakamahi.
Whakatauritea ngā tuakiri i mua i ngā painga
E ai ki a PubChem, ko te puru methylene te methylthioninium chloride, he waikano phenothiazinium. E ai ki te pepa pārongo folate a NIH, ko te methylfolate te 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, e whakapotohia ana ki te 5-MTHF i te nuinga o te wā. Ka wehewehea te methylcobalamin i ētahi atu momo B12 i te pepa pārongo huaora B12 a NIH. Mā ēnei tuakiri e whakamārama te whakataurite i raro nei.
| Pātai | Puru methylene | Methylfolate | Methyl-B12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| He aha tēnei? | He methylthioninium chloride, he waikano waihanga | He 5-MTHF, he momo folate | He methylcobalamin, he momo B12 kei roto ko te konukawata |
| He huaora rānei? | Kāo | He momo huaora B9 | He momo huaora B12 |
| Te mahi matū koiora whai take | Ka taea te tango me te whakawhiti irahiko mā te matū redox | Ka tuku i tētahi rōpū methyl i te tauhohenga methionine synthase | He tauwehe āwhina e herea ana ki te whākōkī, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakawhiti i taua rōpū ki te homocysteine |
| He aha te rerekētanga nui? | He rerekē te mahi rongoā i te whakakapi taiora | He rerekē te matū folate i te matū B12 | Ehara te tauwehe āwhina i te whākōkī ake |
| He aha kāore e whakaūngia e tōna ingoa? | He mahi hei whakakapi folate, hei maimoatanga whakamethyltanga rānei | E hiahiatia ana tēnei momo folate motuhake e te katoa | Ko tēnei momo tāpiringa te mea pai rawa mō ia raruraru e pā ana ki te B12 |
He whakataurite tēnei i ngā mahi, ehara i te whakaraupapa mai i te pai ki te kino. Kāore e taea e tētahi hua te whakakapi i tētahi taiora nā te mea noa ka whakamahia ngā kupu pēnei i te “pūngao”, i te “hauora roro” rānei hei whakaahua i a rāua. Mō te horopaki whānui ake o te tuakiri me te whakamahinga, tirohia he aha te puru methylene.
He aha rawa tā te folate me te B12 e mahi ngātahi nei
Ka nekehia ngā waeine waro-tahi mā ngā tauhohenga hono i roto i te pākia waro-tahi. Ka herea te waeine waro ki tētahi rāpoi kawe; kāore e rere noa hei “kaiwhakakaha whakamethyltanga” motuhake.
Ka hurihia e te whākōkī MTHFR te 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate hei 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Ko ngā kupu āhua rite nei e tohu ana i ētahi momo folate e rua. Ehara tētahi o ēnei i te puru methylene.
I roto i te tauhohenga methionine synthase, ka whakawhitia te rōpū methyl o te 5-MTHF mā te tauwehe āwhina B12 o te whākōkī ki te homocysteine, ka hua mai ko te methionine. Nō reira, he hono, engari he rerekē ngā mahi a te folate me te B12: ka tuku tētahi i te rōpū, ā, ka whai wāhi tētahi ki tōna whakawhitinga. Whai muri iho, ka taea te whakamahi i te methionine hei hanga S-adenosylmethionine, arā, te SAM, e tuku ana i ngā rōpū methyl i roto i te maha atu o ngā tauhohenga.
Ka whakamārama hoki tēnei raupapa he aha i kore ai te “whakanui i ngā rōpū methyl” e rawaka hei take mō tētahi maimoatanga. Kei roto i tētahi ara matū koiora ngā matū tīmatanga, ngā whākōkī, ngā tauwehe āwhina me ngā tikanga whakahaere. Mā te whakaatu i te wāhi e whai wāhi ai tētahi taiora, kāore e whakaūngia he iti rawa o taua taiora, te pūtake o tētahi tohumate, te painga rānei o te tāpiri atu.
He momo hohe anō tō te B12, ko te adenosylcobalamin, e tautoko ana i tētahi tauhohenga whākōkī rerekē e whai wāhi ana te methylmalonyl-CoA. Ahakoa ka kīia te methylcobalamin he “B12 hohe”, ehara tēnā i te mea ko ia anake te momo B12 whai hua. Kāore te whakataurite a NIH i ngā momo tāpiringa B12 e whakaū ana i tētahi momo he pai ake mō te katoa.
He aha te puru methylene i kore ai e noho hei whakakapi whakamethyltanga
Ka whakaratohia e ngā pārongo whakahau rongoā mō PROVAYBLUE tētahi tauira mārama o te mahi redox a te puru methylene. I te maimoatanga o te methemoglobinemia kua pā mai i muri i te whānautanga, ka whakahekea te puru methylene hei puru leucomethylene mā tētahi tukanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te NADPH. Ka āwhina taua momo whakaheke i te huri i te rino o te hemoglobin mai i te āhua ferric ki te āhua ferrous. He matū whakawhiti irahiko tēnei, ehara i te tuku rōpū methyl ki te homocysteine.
He rōpū methyl kei roto i te hanganga o te puru methylene. Ehara tō rātou noho ki reira i te mea ka taea te whakamahi i aua rōpū i te ara folate/B12. Me whai taunakitanga o te tauhohenga whakawhiti ake hei tautoko i te whakapae he “kaituku methyl” tēnei; kāore e rawaka te tohu noa ki tōna ingoa, ki tōna hanganga rānei.
Waihoki, kāore tētahi hua MTHFR e whakaatu ana ka hipa te puru methylene i tētahi tauhohenga kua ngoikore, ka whakapai rānei i tētahi putanga hauora e pā ana ki taua tauhohenga. Ka whakaū te tapanga rongoā i tētahi whakamahinga mō te methemoglobinemia kua pā mai i muri i te whānautanga, ehara mō te maimoatanga o ngā rerekētanga MTHFR noa. Me arotake motuhake ngā taunakitanga whānui ake i te tangata mō ngā painga o te puru methylene mō ia putanga.
He aha tā tētahi hua MTHFR e whakaatu ana, kāore hoki e whakaatu ana
He ira te MTHFR, ā, he whākōkī te mea ka whakaputaina e taua ira. He rerekē ngā momo rerekētanga noa, pēnei i te C677T, i ngā rerekētanga onge e hua ai he mate tuku iho taumaha. Kaua tētahi pūrongo ira mō te kiritaki e whakakotahi i ēnei kāwai hei whakapae kua “pakaru te whakamethyltanga” o tētahi tangata.
E kī ana te whakamārama a CDC mō ngā rerekētanga MTHFR noa ka taea e te hunga whai i ēnei rerekētanga te tukatuka waikawa folic. Ehara te whai rerekētanga noa anake i te take kia karo i taua waikawa. Kāore hoki te tirohanga haumanu whānui a CDC e tūtohu ana kia hurihia te nui o te folate e kainga ana i runga anake i te momo ira MTHFR.
Ehara te momo ira i te inenga taiora. Ehara hoki te homocysteine i te “kaute whakamethyltanga” oti katoa: ka taea e te iti o te folate, te iti o te B12 me te mahi a ngā tākihi te whakaawe i taua inenga. Me hono te arotakenga i tētahi hua motuhake ki te āhua taiora o te tangata, ōna tohumate me ētahi atu kitenga. Kāore e taea te whakakapi i aua taunakitanga mā te whakataurite noa i tētahi ingoa ira ki tētahi ingoa hua.
He rārangi whakamārama mō ngā kupu e rangiruatia nuitia ana
| Kupu | Tikanga | He rangiruatanga noa hei karo |
|---|---|---|
| Rōpū methyl | He ngota waro e herea ana ki ngā ngota hauwai e toru, ka tuhia ko CH₃, e herea ana i roto i tētahi rāpoi ngota | Ehara tōna noho ki reira i te mea ka noho aunoa taua pūhui hei kaituku ā-koiora |
| Kaituku methyl | He rāpoi ngota e tuku ana i tētahi rōpū methyl i roto i tētahi tauhohenga motuhake | Me whai horopaki tauhohenga taua mahi |
| Whakamethyltanga | Te tāpiritanga o tētahi rōpū methyl ki tētahi rāpoi ngota | Ehara i te mahi kotahi puta noa i te tinana me tētahi taumata “tino pai” e tika ana mō te katoa |
| Folate | Te whānau huaora B9 | He momo rerekē te waikawa folic me te 5-MTHF |
| MTHFR | He ingoa ira, he whakapotonga hoki mō te methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | Ehara i te whakapotonga mō te puru methylene |
| Tauwehe āwhina | He wāhanga ehara i te pūmua, e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi a tētahi whākōkī | Ka āwhina te B12 i tētahi whākōkī; ehara i te methionine synthase ake |
| Redox | Te whakahāora me te whakaheke e honoa ana, e whai wāhi ana ngā irahiko | He tukanga rerekē te whakawhiti irahiko me te whakawhiti rōpū methyl |
| Puru methyl | He waikano whai ingoa motuhake | Tirohia te whakataurite i ngā waikano puru whai ingoa rite i mua i te whakakapi i ngā matū tauhohe taiwhanga |
He aha tēnei rerekētanga e huri ai i tētahi whakatau hauora
Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i te folate me te B12, ahakoa ka kitea te kitenga toto kotahi ina iti rawa tētahi, tētahi rānei. E whakamārama ana a NIH ka taea e te kai folate nui te whakapai i te mate toto-kore nā te iti rawa o te B12, me te kore e rongoā i ōna pānga kino ki te pūnaha io. Nō reira, mā te maimoatanga i tētahi tapanga pēnei i te “raruraru whakamethyltanga”, tērā pea ka ngaro te āhuatanga hauora tūturu.
He huinga āwangawanga rerekē anō ka kawea mai e te puru methylene. Kei tōna tapanga rongoā whakahaunga tētahi whakatūpato taumaha mō te pāhekoheko ka hua ai te mate serotonin, me te aukati whakamahinga mō te hunga he hapa G6PD nā te mōrea o te pakarutanga o ngā pūtau toto whero. Kāore te whakamahi tahi me ngā huaora e whakakore i aua āhuatanga. Me whai taunakitanga mō ngā tukanga me ngā kitenga haumanu motuhake hei tautoko i ngā whakapae mō ngā pānga ki ngā karere matū o te pūnaha io, mō te whakamahi tahi me ngā huarahi NAD+ rānei.
Ina arotake koe i tētahi whakapae, tautuhia te pūhui motuhake, te tauhohenga e whakaarotia ana, te āhuatanga hauora e whāia ana me te putanga i te tangata i inehia. Mēnā ka peke tika te whakamārama mai i tētahi ingoa rite ki tētahi tūtohutanga maimoatanga, kei te ngaro ngā taunakitanga e hiahiatia ana.