Maƙala
Shuɗin methylene ko koren malachite ko gishirin akwatin kifaye: wanne ya dace da matsalar?
Farin ɗigo ya bayyana a jikin kifin tetra, kuma cikin mintuna kaɗan an ba da shawarwari uku: shuɗin methylene, koren malachite, gishiri. Dukkansu ukun suna canza launin ruwa. Dukkansu ukun suna da masu amfani da suka amince da su sosai. Babu ɗayansu da yake maganin kowace matsala, kuma tambayar wanne ne ya fi kyau tana tsallake matakin da ke ƙayyade amsar: me ke damun kifin, kuma me ainihin lakabin kowane samfur ya ce ana iya amfani da shi a kai?
Waɗannan hanyoyi ne guda uku daban-daban waɗanda suke zuwa cikin marufi masu kama da juna. Shuɗin methylene rini ne da lakabinsa ya bayyana amfani a akwatin kifaye wajen naman gwari a ƙwai, naman gwari mai sauƙi a saman jiki, wasu protozoa na waje, da tallafi wajen gubar nitrite ko cyanide. Koren malachite, wanda aka fi sayarwa a haɗe da formalin, magani ne na ƙwayoyin cuta masu zaman kashe wando a wajen jiki, musamman Ich da halittu masu alaƙa da shi. Gishirin akwatin kifaye kuwa ba magani ba ne a ma'anar hukumomin kula da magunguna; yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ruwa da gishirai a jiki kuma tushen chloride ne da ke ba da kariya daga nitrite. Ana kuma amfani da shi kan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu zaman kashe wando a wajen jiki, amma a matakan gishiri da akwatin kifaye da yawa masu ɗauke da nau'o'i daban-daban ba za su iya jurewa ba. Zaɓar ɗayansu bisa launi ko sabo shi ne yadda kifayen da ba su da sikeli, jatan lande, tsirrai, da matatun halittu ke shiga lahani ba tare da an nufe su ba.
Abubuwan ukun a kwatance
Teburin da ke ƙasa ya dogara da lakabin masana'anta da jagororin sashen wayar da kan jama'a na jami'a. Ƙarfin sinadari da umarnin amfani suna bambanta tsakanin nau'o'in haɗin samfur, don haka ka ɗauki lakabin kwalbar da ke hannunka a matsayin abin dogaro, wannan teburin kuma a matsayin taswirar fahimtar batun.
| Shuɗin methylene (misali Kordon, 2.303%) | Haɗaɗɗun koren malachite (misali Kordon Rid-Ich Plus, API Super Ick Cure) | Gishirin akwatin kifaye (sodium chloride) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amfanin da aka nufa | Naman gwari a ƙwan kifaye, cututtukan naman gwari a saman jiki, protozoa na waje da aka lissafa (Ichthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Costia), da taimako wajen gubar nitrite ko cyanide. Umarnin samfur na Kordon ya lissafa waɗannan amfani kuma ya bayyana sarai cewa ba a yi shi don Oodinium, cututtukan ƙwayoyin bacteria, tsutsotsin flukes, ko cutar naman gwari mai tsanani ba. | Ƙwayoyin cuta masu zaman kashe wando a wajen jiki, musamman Ich na ruwa marar gishiri tare da Costia, Trichodina, da Chilodonella gwargwadon samfur; lakabin Rid-Ich Plus na Kordon ya ƙara Cryptocaryon da Amyloodinium na teku da wasu cututtukan naman gwari, amma ya ware bacteria, flukes, copepods, da tsutsotsi. | Tallafi wajen daidaita ruwa da gishirai a jiki lokacin mu'amala da kifaye, kariya daga nitrite ta hanyar takarar chloride a wurin gabobin numfashin kifi, da wasu protozoa na waje a ruwa mai yawan gishiri. Jagorar wayar da kan jama'a ta UF/IFAS ta bayyana gishiri a matsayin sinadarin kiwon halittun ruwa da ba shi da babban fifikon sa ido na hukumomi, ba maganin kifaye da aka amince da shi ba. |
| Amfani ga ƙwai | Lakabinsa ya ce yana da aminci ga ƙwan kifaye da ƙananan kifayen da suka ƙyanƙyashe wajen hana naman gwari, tare da ƙayyadaddiyar hanyar amfani ga ƙwai. Jagorar ƙwai da wuraren ƙyanƙyasar kifaye ta yi bayani dalla-dalla kan wannan amfani. | Samfurin koren malachite kaɗai na Kordon shi ma yana bayyana hana naman gwari na ƙwai da maganinsa a lakabi, tare da nasa umarnin jiƙawa da tsomawa; gubarsa tana dogara da ƙarfin sinadari, tsawon fallasa, da nau'in kifin. Haɗaɗɗun samfuran Ich ba su ɗauke da irin wannan bayani, don haka ka duba takamaiman kwalbar. | Ba maganin naman gwari na ƙwai ba ne. |
| Nau'o'in da ke saurin shan tasiri | Ka duba nau'in kifin da matakin rayuwarsa da abin da lakabin ya ce; jagorar kifayen akwatin kifaye ta gaba ɗaya ta yi bayani kan tantance dacewa. | Ya bambanta gwargwadon haɗin samfur: lakabin API na yanzu ya ce a rage adadin magani zuwa rabi ga kifayen da ba su da sikeli, yayin da Kordon ya yarda a yi amfani da Rid-Ich Plus ga loaches da catfish amma ya gargaɗe a kan amfani da shi ga mormyrids da stingrays na ruwa marar gishiri. | Juriya tana dogara da nau'in kifi, ba kasancewar sikeli ba. UF/IFAS ya yi gargaɗi musamman cewa wasu tetras ba sa jure gishiri sosai, kuma bai kamata a riƙa ajiye tetras da kifayen elephant-nose cikin gishiri na dogon lokaci ba. |
| Halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya da tsirrai | Yana kawo cikas ga tsiron tsirrai bisa lakabi; dole ne a duba dacewarsa da halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya ga kowane samfur. | Ba don akwatin murjani ko halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya ba ne, sai idan likitan dabbobin ruwa ya ba da wani umarni dabam; wasu tsirrai masu rai suna saurin shan tasirinsa. | Tsirrai na iya kasa jure matakin gishiri na maganin Ich na 4 zuwa 5 ppt, kuma juriyar halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya tana bambanta da nau'insu da ƙarfin sinadarin. |
| Matatar halittu | Kada a yi amfani da shi a tsarin da ya dogara da tacewar halittu; yana kawo cikas ga bacteria masu sauya ammonia zuwa nitrite da nitrate. Ya dace a yi maganin a akwatin jinya ko ƙyanƙyasa marar kayan ado; ka duba jagorar dacewa da akwatin kifaye da halittun cikinsa kafin yin magani a akwatin nunawa mai ɗauke da halittu. | Kordon ya ce Rid-Ich Plus ba zai kawo cikas ga tacewar halittu ba idan an yi amfani da shi bisa umarni. A cire carbon da aka kunna lokacin yin magani da kowane ɗayan rinayen. | Ba ya kashe duk ƙwayoyin halitta a matatar halittu, amma yawan gishiri yana matsa wa tsarin ruwa marar gishiri; gyara matsalar matatar halittu da ta daina aiki har yanzu yana buƙatar sauya ruwa da gyaran matatar, kamar yadda jagorar likitancin dabbobi ta Merck ta jaddada. |
| Matsayi game da mutane da kifayen abinci | Don kifayen ado; ba don kifayen abinci ba. | Ba a amince da shi ga kifayen abinci a Amurka ba; matakan FDA na kula da shigo da kaya suna ɗaukar ragowar koren malachite a matsayin gurɓatar abinci, kuma EU ta kafa matakin ɗaukar mataki na 0.5 µg/kg ga koren malachite da nau'in ragowarsa. A yi mu'amala da rinayen cikin kulawa kuma a nisanta su daga yara da wuraren shirya abinci. | Matakan kariya na yau da kullum wajen amfani da gishiri; haɗarin yana ga halittun da ake kiwo saboda yawan gishiri, ba batun ƙa'idojin ragowar sinadari ba. |
Amfani da teburin wajen yanke shawara
Yanayi guda huɗu da aka saba gani suna nuna yadda bayanan layukan teburin suke haɗuwa.
Naman gwari a ƙwai. Wannan shi ne fannin da shuɗin methylene ya fi dacewa da shi, tare da hanyar amfani ga ƙwai da lakabi ya bayyana da kuma bayani na aminci sarai ga ƙwai da ƙananan kifayen da suka ƙyanƙyashe. Gishiri ba shi da irin wannan amfanin a lakabi. Koren malachite kaɗai (samfurin Kordon mai sinadari guda ɗaya mai aiki) shi ma yana da umarnin naman gwari na ƙwai a lakabi, amma haɗaɗɗun magungunan Ich ba su da shi, don haka kwalbar da ke hannunka ce za ta ƙayyade. Ka fara tabbatar da cewa ƙwan sun samu haɗuwar maniyyi; babu rinin da zai ceci ƙwan da ba su samu ba.
Cutar farin ɗigo (Ich). Haɗaɗɗun koren malachite su ne kayayyakin da lakabinsu ya bayyana wannan amfani, tare da gishiri a matsayin abin da za a iya ƙara a 4 zuwa 5 giram a kowace lita na tsawon 7 zuwa 10 kwanaki, amma ga nau'o'in da ke jure wannan matakin gishiri kaɗai, kuma a yanayin zafin da jagorar Ich ta UF/IFAS ta ƙayyade. Shuɗin methylene ya lissafa Ichthyophthirius cikin amfaninsa na biyu, amma halayensa gaba ɗaya (cutar da matatar halittu da ƙarancin nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta masu zaman kashe wando da yake rufewa) suna sa ya zama zaɓi mafi rauni ga ɓarkewar Ich a akwatin nunawa. Ka daidaita sakamakon gano cutar da samfurin da babban amfaninsa a lakabi ya ambaci wannan cutar.
Jini mai launin ruwan kasa da gubar nitrite. Lakabin shuɗin methylene ya bayyana shi a matsayin taimako wajen sauya methemoglobin ya koma hemoglobin mai ɗaukar oxygen, yayin da chloride daga gishiri yake takara da nitrite wajen shiga ta gabobin numfashin kifi. Waɗannan hanyoyin aiki suna taimakon juna, amma babu ɗayansu da yake cire nitrite daga ruwa. Gubar nitrite ta cancanci nata tattaunawa, wadda za ta bambanta tallafi a matakin jini da gyaran ruwa (sauya ruwa, gyaran matatar) wanda shi ne ainihin abin da ke kawo ƙarshen fallasa.
Ɗigo da ba a gano dalilinsa ba, gogar jiki, ko kasala. Dakata. Jagorar kula da lafiyar kifaye ta UF/IFAS ta sanya gwajin ruwa (oxygen da ya narke a ruwa, ammonia, nitrite, pH) kafin magani, domin rashin ingancin ruwa yana iya nuna alamomi kamar na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu zaman kashe wando. Zuba rini cikin matsalar ammonia yana magance damuwar mai kiwon, ba matsalar kifin ba.
Dalilin da ya sa koren malachite yake da ƙarin damuwa
Masu kiwon kifaye a akwatin ruwa wani lokaci suna tambayar dalilin da ya sa wani rini yake maganin ƙwai na yau da kullum, amma ɗayan yake jawo gwajin ragowar sinadari a tashoshin shigo da kaya. Amsar ita ce yadda jiki ke sarrafa sinadarin. Kifaye suna sauya koren malachite zuwa leucomalachite green, wani nau'i mai narkewa a kitse wanda yake dawwama a sassan jikin da ake ci na tsawon makonni zuwa watanni, kuma nazarin ragowar sinadari na FDA ya rubuta wannan dawwama a trout da salmon. Wannan yadda ragowarsa ke dawwama shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba a taɓa amincewa da koren malachite ga kifayen abinci ba, kuma dalilin da ya sa EU ta hana shi ga dabbobin da ake samar da abinci daga gare su.
Bayani kan cutar daji yana buƙatar takamaiman kalmomi. Tsofaffin takardun hukumomi suna bayyana koren malachite a matsayin wanda zai iya haifar da cutar daji ko wanda ake zargin yana iya haifar da sauyin kwayoyin gado; tantancewar IARC ta yanzu ta sanya koren malachite kansa a Rukuni 3 (ba a iya rarraba shi ba) da nau'in ragowarsa, leucomalachite green, a Rukuni 2B (mai yiwuwa yana haifar da cutar daji), bisa shaidar gwaji a dabbobi. Babu ɗayan waɗannan rukunai da yake nufin cewa maganin Ich ga kifayen ado yana fallasa mutum ga abin da ke haifar da cutar daji, amma dukansu suna bayyana dalilin haramta amfani ga kifayen abinci da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kulawa da ke lakabi maimakon yin watsi da su.
Za a iya haɗa su?
A nan ne shawarwarin dandalin tattaunawa suke wuce abin da lakabi ya tanada. Ana iya raba shaidar zuwa rukuni uku.
Na farko, koren malachite tare da gishiri yana da ingantacciyar hujjar goyon baya. Umarnin gishirin akwatin kifaye na API ya ba da shawarar amfani da gishirinsa tare da maganinsa na Ich, kuma UF/IFAS ya lura cewa ana yawan ƙara gishiri a tsarin da ake yi wa magani da formalin don inganta amsa. Wannan yana goyon bayan haɗawa ga nau'o'in samfur da suka dace, ba kowace kwalba da ke kan shiryayye ba. Ich-X na Hikari, haɗin formalin da koren malachite, yana ɗaukar matsayi akasin haka: umarnin lakabinsa ya ce kada a haɗa shi da gishiri ko wasu magunguna. Saboda haka, dacewar haɗawa da gishiri sifa ce ta takamaiman samfur, ba ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya ba.
Na biyu, shuɗin methylene tare da gishiri ba shi da lakabi ko tsarin jami'a da ke goyon bayansa a wannan binciken. Babu umarnin Kordon ko tsarin UF/IFAS ko Merck da ya ba da shawarar magani da shuɗin methylene da gishiri a lokaci guda. Rashin tsarin amfani ba hujjar cutarwa ba ne, amma yana nufin cewa duk wanda yake haɗa su biyun yana yin gwaji ne ba tare da tsarin da aka gwada ba, kuma bai kamata ya gabatar da haɗin a matsayin hanyar da aka tabbatar ba.
Na uku, wasu lakabai suna hana haɗa magunguna sarai. Kordon ya umurci masu amfani kada su haɗa Rid-Ich Plus da wani magani. Wannan jimla guda ɗaya ta amsa mafi yawan tambayoyin “zan iya ƙara” game da wannan samfur: a'a.
Ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya ta shafi sauran. Matsala ɗaya, lakabi ɗaya, tsarin magani ɗaya. Rinaye suna rage isasshen oxygen da ya narke a ruwa (formalin yana yin hakan a fili), gishiri yana ƙara nauyin daidaita ruwa da gishirai a jiki, kuma kifayen da ba su da lafiya tuni suna ƙara ƙoƙari wajen numfashi. Haɗa magunguna yana ƙara matsin lamba, tare da hana gano wane sinadari ne ya haifar da mummunar amsa. Ka gama ko ka yanke shawarar dakatar da tsarin magani ɗaya, tare da gyaran ruwa tsakanin yunƙurin magani, kafin fara wani.
Hanyar zaɓi
Ka bi waɗannan matakai a jere ga duk wata cutar wajen jiki da ake zargi ko matsalar ƙwai.
- Ka gwada ruwa (oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, pH) kuma ka fara gyara kayan aikin da suka lalace, bisa tsarin yanke shawara na akwatin kifaye.
- Ka bayyana matsalar daidai gwargwadon iko: naman gwari na ƙwai, farin ɗigo, jini mai launin ruwan kasa bayan nitrite ya ƙaru kwatsam, ko abin da ba a sani ba. Rashin sanin matsalar yana nufin gano cutar kafin magani, tare da likitan dabbobin ruwa ko ƙwararren lafiyar kifaye idan matsalar ta ci gaba ko ta tsananta.
- Ka zaɓi sinadarin da babban amfaninsa a lakabi ya ambaci wannan matsalar, sannan ka karanta duk bayanin kwalbar: ƙarfin sinadari, gargaɗin nau'in kifaye, bayanan halittun da ba su da ƙashin baya da tsirrai, bayanan matatar halittu, da hana haɗawa.
- Ka yi magani a yanayin da lakabin ya tanada. Shuɗin methylene ya dace da akwatin jinya ko ƙyanƙyasa marar kayan ado, dabam da tacewar halittu; magungunan Ich suna buƙatar cire carbon, tabbatar da shigar iska, da yanke shawarar zafin ruwa tare da la'akari da oxygen.
- Ka rubuta samfurin, ƙarfin sinadari, yawan ruwan da aka auna, tsawon lokaci, da abubuwan da ka lura da su. Idan tsarin maganin ya gaza, wannan rubutaccen bayani shi ne abin da ƙwararre yake buƙata, kuma shi ne yake hana yunƙuri na gaba maimaita kuskuren da aka yi da adadin magani mafi yawa.
Kwalabe ukun da ke kan shiryayye ba matakai uku na ƙarfin magani ɗaya ba ne. Amsoshi ne ga tambayoyi daban-daban. Ka fara da tambayar da ta dace, kuma yawanci zaɓin zai zama mai sauƙi.