Shuɗin methyl ba shuɗin methylene ba ne: lambobin CAS, tsarin sinadarai, da amfani

Kwalabe biyu suna kan teburin aiki. Ɗaya yana ɗauke da sunan shuɗin methyl. Ɗayan kuwa shuɗin methylene. Mai karatu da ya gaji zai ga kamar kalma ɗaya ce aka rubuta sau biyu. Amma a ilimin sinadarai, waɗannan kwayoyin sinadari biyu ne daban.

Wannan matsala ce ta sunaye da ke da sakamako a aikace. Idan aka yi odar rinin da ba shi ne ake nema ba, yadda yake rina zai bambanta, alamar redox ba za ta bayyana ba, ko haɗin sinadaran zai ƙunshi wani sinadari da ba wanda ya tabbatar da dacewarsa. Maganin matsalar mai sauƙi ne: ɗauki sunan da aka saba amfani da shi a matsayin alamar farko, amma ka yanke hukunci bisa alamar ganewa. Ka duba lambar CAS, lambar Colour Index, da yanayin ruwan kristal kafin komai.

Amsa a taƙaice

Shuɗin methylene ƙaramin rinin phenothiazine ne mai cajin lantarki tabbatacce, C.I. 52015, wanda aka gina a kan wani ƙaramin ɓangare mai samar da launi mai zobba uku, tare da ƙungiyoyin dimethylamino guda biyu. Shuɗin methyl babban rinin triarylmethane ne mai cajin lantarki korau, C.I. 42780, wanda aka gina daga sassan triphenylmethane masu ƙungiyoyin sulfonate. Suna cikin rukuni ɗaya na launi kuma suna raba wani ɓangare na suna. Kusan babu wani abu dabam da suke da shi iri ɗaya.

Shuɗin toluidine O ya fi kusanci da shuɗin methylene. Dukansu rinayen thiazine ne masu cajin lantarki tabbatacce, amma shuɗin toluidine O yana da ƙungiyar amino guda ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar methyl a jikin zobe, a inda shuɗin methylene yake da ƙungiyar dimethylamino ta biyu. Wannan ƙaramin sauyi yana canza kololuwar shan haskensa da zaɓin abin da yake rina, don haka waɗannan biyun ma ba za a iya musanya su ba.

Teburin ganewa: duba waɗannan bayanai a kowace oda

Sunaye a kundin kayayyaki suna sauyawa. Masu sayarwa suna sake amfani da sunaye masu ma'ana ɗaya ba tare da tsantseni ba. Bayanan da ke ƙasa ba sa sauyawa, kuma ingantacciyar takardar shaidar binciken sinadari tana lissafa su. PubChem ya rubuta shuɗin methylene a matsayin methylthioninium chloride, C.I. Basic Blue 9, wanda shi ne tushen duk bayanan da ke biye.

Bayanai biyu a wannan teburin ne suke haddasa mafi yawan kurakuran saye. Na farko, shuɗin methylene yana da lambobin CAS da dama bisa yanayin ruwan kristal, kuma 122965-43-9 yana nufin hydrate da ba a fayyace ba, maimakon takamaiman trihydrate (7220-79-3), kamar yadda daidaita bayanan monograf na USP ya nuna. Auna sinadari bisa nauyin dabarar sinadari da ba daidai ba yana canza duk wani ƙididdigar tattarawa da za a yi daga baya ba tare da an lura ba. Na biyu, jerin sunaye masu ma'ana ɗaya na shuɗin toluidine O na wani mai sayarwa ya haɗa da sunan Methylene Blue T50, wanda ke nufin cewa binciken kundin kayayyaki bisa suna kaɗai zai iya nuna wani rini dabam gaba ɗaya.

Tsarin sinadari yana bayyana halayensa

Ka kwatanta sassan samar da launi na waɗannan sinadarai biyu a gefe da gefe, kuma ruɗanin zai ƙare. Shuɗin methylene yana da tsarin phenothiazinium a cibiyarsa: zobba uku da suka haɗu, tare da sulfur da nitrogen a zoben tsakiya da ƙungiyar dimethylamino a kowane ƙarshen. Nau'in sinadarin da ke da launin shi ne katiyon methylthioninium tare da ion chloride mai kishiyar caji. Ƙarami ne, shimfiɗaɗɗe, mai cajin lantarki tabbatacce, kuma yana iya haɗuwa da sassan ƙwayoyin halitta masu cajin lantarki korau.

Nauyin shuɗin methyl kusan ninki biyu da rabi ne. Launinsa yana fitowa daga cibiyar triphenylmethane mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin anilino phenyl masu sulfonate, kuma ana samar da shi a matsayin gishirin disodium. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sulfonate suna sa shi zama rinin acid mai cajin lantarki korau, wato cajinsa kishiyar na ɗayan ne, kuma yana da sha'awar haɗuwa da kyallen halitta daban gaba ɗaya. Yayin da shuɗin methylene yake shiga ƙwayoyin halitta kuma yake shiga zagayen redox, shuɗin methyl yana aiki a matsayin rini ga collagen da kyallen haɗawa, da kuma Cotton Blue a shirye-shiryen samfurin fungi kamar hanyoyin amfani da lactophenol cotton blue. Musanya ɗaya da ɗayan ba ya samar da sakamako iri ɗaya mai rauni kawai. Yana samar da gwaji dabam ne.

Shuɗin toluidine O yana riƙe da babban tsarin phenothiazinium, don haka halayensa suna kama da na shuɗin methylene amma ba su zama iri ɗaya ba. Kololuwar shan haskensa tana kusa da 626 nm, idan aka kwatanta da ta shuɗin methylene da ke kusan 660 zuwa 665 nm. Sauyin launinsa yayin rina sassan kyallen halitta masu halin acid (ƙwayoyin ajiya na mast cells, mucins, guringuntsi, da tsare-tsaren da ke da yawan nucleic acid) yana bin nasa zaɓin, kamar yadda aka bayyana a bitar ilimin kyallen halitta. Dakin gwaje-gwaje da ya musanya shuɗin methylene da TBO ya kamata ya sa ran sauyin bakan haske da bambancin yadda sassan samfurin suke bayyana, ba madadin mai arha mai aiki iri ɗaya ba.

Ainihin abin da ake amfani da kowane rini dominsa

Shuɗin methylene ya fara a matsayin rinin yadi, sannan ya shiga ilimin ƙwayoyin bacteria, ilimin jini, da bincike da madubin ƙara girman abu, kamar yadda aka taƙaita a rubuce-rubucen tarihinsa. Amfaninsa na biyu ya shafi sinadarai: yanayinsa na oxidation shuɗi ne, yayin da leucomethylene blue da aka yi wa reduction kusan ba shi da launi, abin da ke sa shi zama mai nuna yanayin redox. Amfaninsa na uku ya shafi magunguna. Methylthioninium chloride shi ne sinadarin maganin da ake bayarwa bisa takardar likita, PROVAYBLUE, wanda aka amince da amfani da shi don methemoglobinemia da aka samu daga baya. Wannan rawarsa a magani ce ke ɗaga ƙa'idodin tsarkinsa sosai fiye da na rina samfura ko yadi. Yadda shuɗin methylene yake aiki a matsayin rinin redox yana bayyana tsarin da ke bayan waɗannan amfani.

Shuɗin methyl bai bi wannan hanya ba. Ya ci gaba da zama rini don takarda, yadi, fata, da bincike da madubin ƙara girman abu: rinin collagen mai takardar shaida a hanyoyin kyallen haɗawa irin na Mallory, madadin fast green a bambance-bambancen hanyar Gomori trichrome, da rinin fungi a ilimin fungi. Wasu samfuran shuɗin methyl suna da kewayon nuna pH a kusan 9.4 zuwa 14. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan da ya sa shi zama maganin redox, kuma babu takardar shaidar rini da za ta mayar da shi haka.

Shuɗin toluidine O da farko rini ne na halittu mai halin sauya launi yayin rina wasu abubuwa, ana amfani da shi a ilimin kyallen halitta da ilimin ƙananan halittu. Dabam kuma, ana amfani da shi a asibiti a matsayin rinin kyallen halitta masu rai wanda ke taimakawa wajen bayyana iyakokin wuraren da ake zargi da matsala a baki kafin ɗaukar samfurin nama don bincike. Kayan taimako ne wajen zaɓar wuraren ɗaukar samfurin nama, ba madadin binciken cututtukan kyallen halitta ba. Duk wanda yake kwatanta shuɗin toluidine da shuɗin methylene don gano matsala ko shirya haɗin sinadarai ya kamata ya kwatanta bakan haske, kyallen halittar da ake nufi, da takardun matsayin inganci, ba sunaye ba.

Sunaye masu kama da juna da ke ruɗar masu saye

Akwai ƙarin sunaye uku da ya kamata su kasance a jerin abubuwan tabbatarwa. New Methylene Blue N ba shuɗin methylene ba ne. Shi ne C.I. 52030 (CAS 1934-16-3), wani phenothiazine da aka ƙara wa ƙungiyoyin ethyl da methyl a jikin zobe, wanda ake amfani da shi a ilimin kyallen halitta da ilimin jini. Hanyoyin rini da new methylene blue suna cikin rubuce-rubucen wannan sinadarin daban. Azure B ya fi kusanci: sinadari ne mai kama da shuɗin methylene wanda aka cire masa ƙungiyar methyl guda ɗaya daga N (CAS 531-55-5, C.I. 52010). Yana zama babban samfurin sauya shuɗin methylene a jiki da kuma ƙazanta da aka rubuta cewa tana cikin kayan shuɗin methylene, shi ya sa tsarin USP yake haɗa samfurin kwatance na shuɗin methylene da ma'aunin Azure B. An bayyana dangantakarsu da dalilin muhimmancin tantance ƙazanta a Azure B a matsayin ƙazanta da samfurin sauyin sinadari a jiki. Crystal violet, wanda wani lokaci ake sayarwa da tsohon sunansa gentian violet, rinin triarylmethane ne (CAS 548-62-9, C.I. 42555) wanda ba shi da zoben thiazine ko kaɗan.

Tabbatar da ainihin sinadarin kafin a biya kuɗi

Cikakken bayanin ƙa'idodin saye yana fayyace ainihin sinadarin, lambar CAS, lambar C.I., yanayin ruwan kristal, da matsayin inganci. Sannan yana tabbatar da su ta hanyar takardar shaidar binciken sinadari maimakon lakabin gaban kwalba. Kololuwar shan haske hanya ce mai sauri ta dubawa mai zaman kanta: shuɗin methylene kusa da 665 nm, shuɗin toluidine O kusa da 626 nm, shuɗin methyl kusa da 595 zuwa 605 nm a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden yanayinsa mai acid. Kololuwa a wurin da ba daidai ba tana nuna cewa rinin ba shi ne ake nema ba, ko da me aka rubuta a kwalbar.

Takardun matsayin inganci suna amsa tambaya dabam da ta ainihin sinadari. Takardar shaida ta Biological Stain Commission tana gwada takamaiman rukuni na samarwa don yawan rinin da ke cikinsa da yadda yake rina, abin da ke da muhimmanci idan manufar ita ce samun sakamakon rini mai maimaituwa. Bin ƙa'idodin USP yana tabbatar da ainihin sinadarin magani, tsarkinsa, ƙazantar sinadaran organic, ragowar kaushi, ƙazantar abubuwan sinadarai, da kula da ƙananan halittu, abin da ke da muhimmanci idan za a sha kayan. Shirye-shiryen biyu suna da wasu manufofi masu kama da juna amma suna bambanta a abin da suke ƙunsa, don haka takardar shaida ɗaya ba za ta maye gurbin ɗayan ba.

A nan ne sayen kaya masu inganci yake zama abu mai takamaiman ma'ana. Babban tsarki yana da muhimmanci domin shuɗin methylene da ba ya bin USP yawanci na rina yadi ne, tare da ƙazanta irin su Azure B, ƙarafa masu nauyi, ko ragowar kaushi da babu wata hanyar rina samfura da take tantance su. Yawancin masu sayarwa da suke ikirarin bin ƙa'idodin USP suna gwada ƙarafa masu nauyi kaɗai sannan su ce sun cika ƙa'idojin. Cikakken bin ƙa'idojin ya haɗa da tabbatar da ainihin sinadarin, gwajin adadin sinadarin, ƙazantar sinadaran organic, ragowar kaushi, ƙazantar abubuwan sinadarai, ragowar ƙonawa, iyakokin ƙananan halittu, da endotoxins na bacteria. Yadda za a zaɓi shuɗin methylene mai matsayin ingancin magani yana bayyana yadda ake karanta waɗannan takardu. Blupreme yana aiki tare da masana'antar shuɗin methylene ta magunguna, yana gwada cikakkun ƙa'idodin USP, kuma yana wallafa cikakkiyar COA. Wannan shi ne abin da tsantsenin tabbatar da ainihin sinadari da wannan maƙala ta ba da shawara yake nufi a aikace.