Methylene blue trihydrate da nau'in mara ruwa: dabara, nauyi, da lakabi

Kwalabe biyu na iya kasancewa duk suna da sunan methylene blue, amma su buƙaci nauyin da za a auna daban-daban don gwaji ɗaya. An rubuta methylene blue trihydrate a ɗaya. A ɗayan kuwa, methylene blue kawai aka rubuta. Mai bincike ya auna 100 mg daga kowannensu, ya shirya su cikin ƙarar ruwa iri ɗaya, amma ya samu maida hankali na rini daban-daban. Babu gurɓataccen abu, kuma babu kuskure wajen amfani da pipette. Foda biyun kawai suna ɗauke da yawan ruwa daban-daban a kowane sashin rini.

Wannan shi ne babban abin da ya kamata a fahimta wajen kwatanta methylene blue trihydrate da methylene blue. Abun sinadarin methylthioninium chloride ne a duka biyun. Abun da ake aunawa ya bambanta domin ruwan da ke cikin tsarin lu'ulu'u yana ƙara nauyi ba tare da ƙara rini ba. Don amfani da abun yadda ya kamata, a ware abubuwa uku: nau'in hydrate, tsarkin sinadari, da tushen auna sakamako. Bayani kan tsarin methylene blue da halayensa na sinadarai ya yi cikakken bambanci tsakanin cation na rini da gishirin chloride. Wannan shafin kuwa ya bambanta gishirin da nau'o'in hydrate ɗinsa.

Mara ruwa, hydrate, da trihydrate sunaye ne na nau'o'i daban-daban da ake aunawa

Methylene blue chloride mara ruwa yana da dabara C16H18ClN3S da nauyin dabara 319.85 g/mol a samfurin bayanin ƙa'idar USP na methylene blue. Wannan yana bayyana gishirin ba tare da ruwan da ke tattare da tsarin lu'ulu'unsa ba.

Methylene blue hydrate shi ne wannan gishirin da ruwa yake tattare da shi a yanayin daskararren abu, kuma ana rubuta shi C16H18ClN3S.xH2O. Ƙimar x tana nuna adadin ƙwayoyin ruwa da ke tare da sashin dabara ɗaya na gishirin bisa tsarin da aka bayyana. Ba ta bayyana ruwan da aka ƙara cikin محلول ba.

Methylene blue trihydrate shi ne yanayin da x yake daidai da 3, ana rubuta shi C16H18ClN3S.3H2O ko C16H24ClN3O3S, kuma nauyin dabararsa 373.90 g/mol ne. Bayanan PubChem na methylene blue trihydrate sun jera wannan dabara da nauyi a ƙarƙashin CID 104827, yayin da bayanan PubChem na methylene blue suka jera dabarar mara ruwa C16H18ClN3S da nauyi 319.9 g/mol a ƙarƙashin CID 6099. A bayanan biyu, ion na rini bai canza ba: cation na methylthioninium ɗaya ne a kowane sashin dabara. Ruwan da ke tattare da shi ne kawai ya bambanta.

Teburin kwatancen hydrate da nauyi

Teburin da ke ƙasa shi ne tushen kwatance na wannan shafi. Nauyin dabara na nau'o'in gishirin ya bi USP. An haɗa layin cation domin lissafin محلول ya sami wurin farawa mai bayyana.

Bambancin yana da girma a aikace. Don adadin rini iri ɗaya, trihydrate cikakke yana da nauyin da ya fi na gishiri mara ruwa cikakke da kimanin 16.9%, domin 373.90 idan aka raba shi da 319.85 yana bada 1.169. Saboda haka, rikita waɗannan nau'o'in biyu yana haifar da kuskuren maida hankali na kimanin 17% tun kafin a yi la'akari da wani tushen kuskure.

Misalan fassara tare da lissafi

Misali 1 yana farawa ne daga foda. A ce ma'auni ya nuna 100.0 mg na methylene blue trihydrate da aka bayyana a matsayin tsarkakakke. Nauyin gishirin da ya yi daidai da nau'in mara ruwa shi ne 100.0 mg a ninka da 319.85 sannan a raba da 373.90, wanda ya bada 85.5 mg. Adadin rinin shi ne 0.1000 g a raba da 373.90 g/mol, wanda ya bada 267.5 micromol na cation na methylthioninium. Ragowar 14.5 mg bisa wannan tsari ruwan lu'ulu'u ne, ba ƙazanta ba.

Misali 2 yana farawa ne daga maida hankali da ake son samu. Don shirya 1.000 liter na محلول rini mai 1.000 mM daga gishiri mara ruwa cikakke, a auna 319.85 mg. Don shirya wannan محلول daga trihydrate cikakke, a auna 373.90 mg. Kowanne lissafi yana ɗauka cewa abun yana da ainihin nau'in hydrate da aka bayyana kuma abun cikinsa cikakke ne. Ga foda ta zahiri, a yi gyara bisa takardar shaidar bincike, sannan a tabbatar ko an bayyana gwajin ƙayyade abun ciki bisa yadda aka karɓi abun, bayan busarwa, ko bisa nau'in mara ruwa. Kalkuletan molarity na methylene blue yana bayyana nau'in hydrate da tushen gwajin ƙayyade abun ciki a sarari domin kada gyaran ya ɓace yayin sauya raka'o'in aunawa.

Abin da lakabi yake tabbatarwa da abin da ba ya tabbatarwa

Methylene blue trihydrate bayani ne kai tsaye: dabararsa da aka bayyana ita ce C16H18ClN3S.3H2O, kuma yawanci ana lissafa shi da 373.90 g/mol sai dai idan ƙa'idar samfurin ta ce wani abu dabam. Methylene blue hydrate bai kai wannan bayyana ba. Yana nuna cewa ana nufin nau'i mai ruwa, amma idan babu lamba, dabara, lambar CAS, ko ƙa'idar samfurin, ba ya tabbatar da adadin ruwan da ke cikin dabarar.

Sunan methylene blue shi kaɗai ba ya tabbatar da cewa abun ba ya ɗauke da ruwa. Bayanin da ke cikin kundin ƙa'idoji mai taken Methylene Blue kansa an rubuta shi a matsayin C16H18ClN3S.xH2O, ba tare da ƙayyade x a matakin taken ba. Sunayen da ke cikin ma'ajiyar bayanai ma na iya ruɗarwa. PubChem yana kiran bayanin nau'in mara ruwa mai CID 6099 da sunan methylene blue, amma wannan tsarin suna ba ya sa kowace kwalbar kasuwanci mai wannan taƙaitaccen suna ta zama kayan mara ruwa. A karanta dabara, lambar CAS, sunan nau'in hydrate, asarar nauyi yayin busarwa ko ƙa'idar yawan ruwa, da tushen gwajin ƙayyade abun ciki tare.

Lambobin CAS suna taimakawa idan sun cika. Lambar methylene blue chloride mara ruwa yawanci ita ce 61-73-4, ta trihydrate kuma 7220-79-3. USP kuma ya jera bayanai na monohydrate, pentahydrate, da hydrate na gama-gari. Saboda bayanan da aka tattara a wasu ma'ajiyar bayanai wani lokaci suna maimaita lambar CAS ɗaya ga nau'o'i daban-daban, a ɗauki CAS a matsayin hujjar tallafi, ba madadin dabarar da aka bayyana ba.

Tushen aunawa: gwajin abun ciki bayan busarwa, yawan ruwa, da tsarki gwaje-gwaje ne daban-daban

USP ya ayyana abun cikin methylene blue a matsayin 97.0% zuwa 103.0% na C16H18ClN3S, wanda aka lissafa bisa nauyin bayan busarwa. Wannan furuci yana da muhimmanci. Sakamakon da aka lissafa bisa nauyin bayan busarwa yana cire asarar nauyi ta busarwa ta hanyar lissafi kafin bayyana yawan rini. Saboda haka, trihydrate tsarkakakke da pentahydrate tsarkakakke duk za su iya kusantar 100% bisa nauyin bayan busarwa, duk da cewa nauyinsu a kowane mol kamar yadda aka karɓe su ya bambanta sosai.

Ana sa ido kan ruwa dabam ta hanyar asarar nauyi yayin busarwa. Bayanin ƙa'idar na yanzu yana busar da samfurin a 105 degrees C na awanni 5, kuma ƙimar da ake karɓa tana daga 8.0% zuwa 24.0%. Asarar nauyi yayin busarwa tana auna abubuwan da ke tashi su fita a waɗannan sharuɗɗa. Ba hanya ce ta auna ruwa kaɗai kamar gwajin ruwa na Karl Fischer ba, kuma ba ta gano nau'in tsarin lu'ulu'u. Saboda haka, matsakaicin rabo kusa da ƙwayoyin ruwa uku a kowane sashin rini ba ya tabbatar da kansa cewa akwai nau'in lu'ulu'un trihydrate guda ɗaya takamaimai. Binciken methylene blue a yanayin daskararren abu ya ruwaito nau'o'in tsarin hydrate da gaurayensu da dama, don haka ana buƙatar nazarin diffraction ko nazarin zafi don tantance nau'in tsarin idan shi kansa ne yake da muhimmanci, ba matsakaicin rabon ruwa kawai ba.

Wannan rarrabuwa kuma tana bayyana dalilin da ya sa sakamakon gwajin abun ciki da ya haura 100% ba lallai ne ya zama kuskuren dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Lissafi bisa nauyin bayan busarwa, gyaran ragowar ruwa, ƙimar da aka sanya wa ma'aunin kwatance, ko rashin daidaiton nau'in hydrate kowannensu na iya sauya lambar. Cikakken nazarin misalan da ke cikin dalilin da ya sa gwajin abun cikin methylene blue zai iya nuna sama da 100% yana nuna yadda kurakuran tushen lissafi suke kama da kurakuran tsarki.

Ga saye da binciken inganci, abin da hakan yake nufi a bayyane yake. Bin ƙa'idar USP shi ne yadda mai saye zai samu mafi girman matakin tsarki da ake da shi a kasuwa, domin ƙa'idar ta ƙunshi tantance ainihin sinadari, yawan rini, ƙazantattun sinadaran organic, ragowar abubuwan narkarwa, ƙazantattun sinadaran elementi, ragowar abu bayan ƙonawa, iyakokin ƙananan halittu, da endotoxin na ƙwayoyin bacteria. Yawancin masu sayarwa da suke ikirarin bin USP suna gwada ƙaramin ɓangare ne kawai na wannan jerin. Blupreme yana gwada cikakkiyar ƙa'idar USP tare da abokin aikin ƙera magunguna kuma yana wallafa cikakkiyar takardar shaidar bincike, don a iya karanta nau'in hydrate, sakamakon ruwa, da gwajin abun ciki bisa nauyin bayan busarwa tare, maimakon hasashe daga lakabin gaba. Idan ana kwatanta masu samarwa, a nemi duk ukun: dabarar hydrate da aka bayyana, sakamakon ruwa ko asarar nauyi yayin busarwa, da gwajin abun ciki tare da tushen da aka bayyana.

Yadda ake karanta lakabin methylene blue a dubawa ɗaya

Da farko, a nemo sunan nau'in hydrate da dabararsa. Idan lakabin ya ce methylene blue kawai, kada a ɗauka cewa nauyin dabararsa 319.85 g/mol ne. Na biyu, a karanta tushen gwajin ƙayyade abun ciki. Ba za a iya amfani da kaso kai tsaye wajen lissafin molarity ba idan babu furucin cewa an lissafa shi bisa yadda aka karɓi abun, bayan busarwa, ko bisa nau'in mara ruwa. Na uku, a karanta bayanin ruwa ko asarar nauyi yayin busarwa dabam da bayanin ƙazantattun abubuwa. Ruwa yana bayyana bambancin nauyi tsakanin nau'o'in hydrate. Sinadarai masu alaƙa, Azure B, ƙarafa, abubuwan narkarwa, da gwaje-gwajen ƙananan halittu suna bayyana tsarkin sinadari da na halittu. Idan aka ware waɗannan rukuni biyu, saɓanin da aka saba gani a kundin samfura zai warware: wani bayani yana nuna cation, wani yana nuna gishiri, na uku kuma yana nuna trihydrate; dukkansu daidai ne, domin kowace lamba tana bayyana wani abu daban.