Methylene Blue don Gubar Nitrite a Kifaye

Methylene blue yana da rawar taimakawa wajen magance gubar nitrite a kifayen akwatin kiwo, bisa takamaiman samfur. Ba ya maye gurbin gyara ruwan da ya gurɓata, kuma ba lallai ba ne kifin da ke haki a saman ruwa ya kamu da gubar nitrite. Fara da sakamakon gwajin ruwa da tarihin abubuwan da suka faru a akwatin kwanan nan kafin zaɓar magani.

Bambancin da ya kamata a fahimta shi ne tsakanin oxygen da ke cikin ruwa da oxygen da jini zai iya ɗauka. Nitrite na iya lalata na biyun ko da na farkon ya bayyana ya wadatar. Ƙara shigar da iska cikin ruwa yana taimaka wa kifaye, amma ba ya kawar da fallasuwarsu ga nitrite.

Abin da nitrite ke yi wa jinin kifaye

Kifaye suna shan nitrite ta gaɓoɓinsu na numfashi. A cikin jini, nitrite yana canza hemoglobin zuwa methemoglobin ta hanyar oxidation; methemoglobin ba ya iya haɗuwa da oxygen yadda ya kamata. Yanayin da hakan ke haifarwa, methemoglobinemia, ana yawan kiransa cutar jini mai launin ruwan kasa domin jinin da ya shafa na iya zama ruwan kasa.

Bayanin USDA kan gwajin fallasa kifin channel catfish ga nitrite ya bayyana wannan hanyar ɗaukar oxygen. Ƙwayar jan jini na iya ci gaba da zagayawa alhali wani ɓangaren hemoglobin ɗinta ba ya iya yin aikinsa na yau da kullum. Ma'aunin oxygen yana auna ruwan da ke kewaye da kifin; ba ya auna yawan hemoglobin da ke ci gaba da aiki a cikin kifin.

Hoton da ke sama ya bambanta waɗannan wurare biyu: nitrite yana shiga ta gaɓar numfashi, yayin da asarar ikon ɗaukar oxygen take faruwa a jini. Hoton yana nuna yadda hakan ke faruwa ne, ba gwajin jini ko gano matsalar wani takamaiman kifi ta kallonsa ba.

Nitrite yakan zama matsala idan tace ruwa ta ƙwayoyin halitta ba ta kafu sosai ba, an ɗora mata nauyi fiye da ƙarfinta, ko an dagula aikinta. Bayanin sashen binciken cututtukan dabbobi na Purdue kan cutar jini mai launin ruwan kasa ya danganta waɗannan yanayi da taruwar sharar da ke ɗauke da nitrogen, kuma ya bayyana sauya ruwa a matsayin wata hanyar rage yawan abin da kifayen ke fuskanta. Rage yawan nitrite na lokacin da kuma dawo da ikon tsarin sarrafa shara ayyuka ne guda biyu daban.

Inda methylene blue ya dace

Takardun samfurin methylene blue na Kordon sun bayyana haɗinsa na ruwa mai 2.303% a matsayin abin taimakawa wajen kawar da gubar nitrite a kifayen akwatin kiwo na ruwa marar gishiri da na teku. Mai ƙera samfurin ya danganta wannan amfani da mayar da methemoglobin zuwa hemoglobin. Wannan ikirari ne game da wani takamaiman samfurin akwatin kiwo, ba hujjar cewa ana iya musanya kowane ruwan shuɗi a matsayin magani ba.

Waɗannan takardu kuma sun yi gargaɗi kan amfani da shi a tsarin da ke sake zagaya ruwa tare da tacewa ta ƙwayoyin halitta, saboda samfurin yana dagula aikin ƙwayoyin bacteria masu nitrification. Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman idan matsalar tacewa ce ta jawo fallasuwar. Takardun kuma ba su yarda da amfani da shi a matsayin magani ga kifayen da ake kiwo don ci ba. Saboda haka, kafin amfani, a yi la'akari da wurin jiyya na daban, dacewarsa da nau'in kifin, da cikakken umarnin da ke jikin kwalbar.

Karanta jagorar da ta fi faɗi kan amfani da methylene blue da iyakokinsa a akwatunan kiwon kifaye don fahimtar sauran abubuwan da suka shafi jiyya. Kada a ɗauki tsarin magance methemoglobinemia na mutane a yi amfani da shi wajen tsoma kifaye a ruwan magani: hanyar ba da magani, haɗin samfurin, da wanda ake yi wa jiyya duk sun bambanta.

Karanta dukkan umarnin da ke kan samfurin

Yi amfani da wannan jerin dubawa tare da ainihin kwalbar da umarnin mai ƙera ta na yanzu. Rubuta amsoshi kafin tsarma samfurin; sanin ƙarfin haɗin kaɗai ba tsarin jiyya ba ne.

Abin dubawa	Bayanin da za a rubuta	Kuskuren da wannan ke hanawa
Bayanan samfurin	Mai ƙerawa, sinadarin da ke aiki, ƙarfin haɗin, da ranar ƙarewar amfani	Ɗaukar sunan sinadarin a matsayin cikakken bayanin samfurin
Amfanin da aka tanada	Ko an haɗa gubar nitrite da yanayin akwatin kiwon kifayen da ake magana a kai	Ɗauko umarnin jiyyar ƙwai ko na wani amfani daban
Dabbobi da yanayin kiwo	Nau'i, matakin rayuwa, yanayin ruwa marar gishiri ko na teku, kiwon ado ko samar da abinci	Faɗaɗa amfani da samfurin fiye da yanayin da aka bayyana a umarninsa
Umarnin fallasawa	Ainihin ƙarar ruwa, adadi, tsawon lokaci, da umarnin abin da za a yi daga baya	Kwafar adadin magani ba tare da kiyaye yanayin fallasuwar da ya dace da shi ba
Dacewa da tsarin	Tacewa ta ƙwayoyin halitta, sauran jiyya, tsirrai, da buƙatun cire maganin	Haifar da wata matsalar ingancin ruwa yayin jiyya

Bayanin daban kan adadin magani a akwatin kiwon kifaye da ƙarfin haɗin samfurin ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa adadin da aka zuba daga kwalba da ƙarfin haɗin da ya samu a ruwa suke zama ma'aunai daban. Duba abubuwan la'akari kan dacewa da tsaro a akwatin kiwon kifaye kafin haɗa jiyya.

Nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, da chlorine matsaloli ne daban

Kamanceceniyar sunaye ba ta nufin kamanceceniyar jiyya. Kwatanta haɗurran muhalli a MSD Veterinary Manual ya bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan fallasuwa, kuma ya jaddada cewa saurin cutuwa da nitrite yana bambanta sosai tsakanin nau'ikan kifaye da yanayin ruwa.

Matsalar da ake zargi	Abin da ya kamata a duba	Abin da umarnin amfani don nitrite ba ya tabbatarwa
Nitrite, NO₂⁻	Sakamakon nitrite, raka'o'in bayar da rahoto, nau'in kifin, da sinadaran ruwan	Cewa kowane yanayin saurin numfashi cutar jini mai launin ruwan kasa ne
Nitrate, NO₃⁻	Gwajin nitrate na daban da taruwarsa a tsawon lokaci	Cewa methylene blue yana cire nitrate
Ammonia	Jimillar nitrogen na ammonia, pH, da zafin ruwa	Cewa methylene blue yana magance fallasuwa ga ammonia
Chlorine ko chloramine	Yadda aka sarrafa ruwan da za a yi amfani da shi da gwajin chlorine da ya dace	Cewa wannan rini abin cire chlorine ne na kowane irin amfani
Ƙarancin oxygen da ya narke a ruwa	Ma'aunin oxygen da yadda shigar da iska cikin ruwa ke aiki	Cewa magani yana samar wa ruwa isasshen oxygen

Duba raka'o'i kafin kwatanta sakamakon gwaji da ma'aunin kwatantawa. Sakamakon da aka bayyana a matsayin nitrite-nitrogen, NO₂-N, yana nuna nauyin nitrogen kaɗai. Ninkawa da kusan 3.3 yana mayar da shi zuwa nauyin cikakken ion na nitrite a kowace ƙarar ruwa. Saboda haka 0.30 mg/L NO₂-N ya kai kusan 0.99 mg/L NO₂⁻, ba 0.30 mg/L NO₂⁻ ba. Wannan misalin lissafi ba iyakar tsaro ba ne.

Dalilin da ya sa chloride da tarihin jigila suke da muhimmanci

Chloride yana gogayya da nitrite wajen shiga ta gaɓoɓin numfashin kifayen ruwa marar gishiri. Jagorar University of Florida kan gishiri a kiwon halittun ruwa ta bayyana cewa ƙara chloride a ruwa na iya rage shan nitrite. Chloride ba chlorine mai kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ba ne. Wannan hanyar kariya kuma ta bambanta da yin aiki a kan methemoglobin da ya riga ya shiga cikin jini.

Gwajin sa'o'i 96 a kan ƙananan kifayen Nile tilapia ya gwada matakai biyu na ƙarfin chloride a ruwan da ke kewaye da kifayen. Chloride mafi yawa ya rage gubar nitrite da samuwar methemoglobin a ƙarƙashin yanayin wannan bincike. Wannan bai tabbatar da adadin gishiri guda ɗaya da za a ƙara a kowane akwatin da ke ɗauke da nau'ikan kifaye daban ba: nau'in kifin, chloride da ya riga ya kasance, fallasuwar, da sauran halittun da ke ciki duk suna da muhimmanci. Gwajin bai gwada methylene blue ba.

Jigila tana ƙara wasu dalilan da ka iya jawo matsala. A gwaje-gwajen jigila a gonaki na University of Florida, methylene blue da aka gwada a matsayin ƙarin sinadari mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta bai inganta sakamakon kamanni da halayen kifaye da aka bayar da rahotonsa ba. Wannan sakamakon ya shafi yanayin jigilar da aka gwada ne, ba jiyyar gubar nitrite da aka tabbatar ba. Jagorar kuma ta bayyana yadda taruwar ammonia, sauyin pH, zafin ruwa, da oxygen suke shafar damuwar jigila. Ƙaruwa a pH da zafin ruwa tana ƙara kaso na ammonia mai guba da ba ta cikin yanayin ion. Shuɗin ruwan jigila ba ya tabbatar da cewa an sarrafa waɗannan abubuwa.

Bambanta matakin gaggawa da shirin farfaɗowa

Ga kifayen da ke cikin wahala, inganta shigar da iska cikin ruwa kuma a gaggauta tantance kifayen da ruwan. Likitan dabbobin ruwa ko sashen kula da lafiyar kifaye ya kamata ya tantance matsananciyar wahalar numfashi, rashin daidaiton jiki, ko ci gaba da mutuwa. A tanadi bayanan nau'in kifayen, ƙarar ruwan akwatin, sakamakon gwaje-gwaje tare da raka'o'insu, ayyukan kula da aka yi kwanan nan, da duk samfuran da aka yi amfani da su.

Yi amfani da ruwan sauyawa da aka shirya yadda ya dace kuma ya dace da yanayin kifayen yayin rage yawan sinadarin da ya haifar da matsalar ingancin ruwa da aka tabbatar. Sake duba yanayin maimakon ɗauka cewa mataki guda ya kawar da fallasuwar. Bincika ciyarwa, yawan kifayen da ake kiwo, da ƙarfin tacewa don gano dalilin taruwar shara. Jagorar University of Florida kan tsarin sake zagaya ruwa ta bayyana waɗannan a matsayin muhimman abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ingancin ruwa.

Kifin da numfashinsa ya koma kusa da yadda ya saba yana ba da alama mai ƙarfafa gwiwa game da yanayinsa. Sake gwajin ruwa yana amsa wata tambaya daban: ko muhallin yana da isasshen tsaro don ci gaba da farfaɗowa.